Straw return increases crop production by improving soil organic carbon sequestration and soil aggregation in a long-term wheat-cotton cropping system

Straw return is a promising strategy for managing soil organic carbon(SOC)and improving yield stability.However,the optimal straw return strategy for sustainable crop production in the wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)cropping system remains uncertain.The objective of this study was to quantify the long-term(10 years)impact of carbon(C)input on SOC sequestration,soil aggregation and crop yields in a wheat-cotton cropping system in the Yangtze River Valley,China.Five treatments were arranged with a single-factor randomized design as follows:no straw return(Control),return of wheat straw only(Wt),return of cotton straw only(Ct),return of 50%wheat and 50%cotton straw(Wh-Ch)and return of 100%wheat and 100%cotton straw(Wt-Ct).In comparison to the Control,the SOC content increased by 8.4 to 20.2%under straw return.A significant linear positive correlation between SOC sequestration and C input(1.42-7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1))(P<0.05)was detected.The percentages of aggregates of sizes>2 and 1-2 mm at the 0-20 cm soil depth were also significantly elevated under straw return,with the greatest increase of the aggregate stability in the Wt-Ct treatment(28.1%).The average wheat yields increased by 12.4-36.0%and cotton yields increased by 29.4-73.7%,and significantly linear positive correlations were also detected between C input and the yields of wheat and cotton.The average sustainable yield index(SYI)reached a maximum value of 0.69 when the C input was 7.08 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(−1),which was close to the maximum value(SYI of 0.69,C input of 7.19 Mg ha^(−1)yr^(-1))in the Wt-Ct treatment.Overall,the return of both wheat and cotton straw was the best strategy for improving SOC sequestration,soil aggregation,yields and their sustainability in the wheat-cotton rotation system.

二线及以上应用贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌的疗效及安全性观察

背景与目的贝伐珠单抗联合含铂双药化疗被推荐为无驱动基因的晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的一线治疗方案,但此方案用于二线及以上非鳞NSCLC的研究并不普遍。本研究拟探讨二线及以上应用贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期非鳞NSCLC的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2014年1月-2017年6月间一线治疗进展后应用贝伐珠单抗的晚期非鳞NSCLC患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验和Cox模型进行统计分析。结果这项研究共纳入62例患者,总体的客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)为32.2%,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)为96.8%。中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)为6.4个月(95%CI:6.05-6.83),中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为20.4个月(95%CI:12.98-27.76)。在亚组分析中,脑转移患者与无脑转移患者的中位PFS差异无统计学意义(6.2个月vs 6.4个月,P=0.052)。贝伐珠单抗的应用周期(>6个或≤6个)是PFS的独立影响因素(P=0.004)。最常见的不良反应有白细胞减少、乏力、恶心、血小板减少和高血压。结论二线及以上应用贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期非鳞NSCLC的疗效显著且安全性良好。

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Indosinian granitoids from Western Qinling Orogen,China:Products of magma-mixing and fractionation

The Western Qinling Orogen(WQO) is characterized by voluminous distribution of Indosinian granitoids,the formation of which provides an important window to unravel the geochemical and geodynamic evolution and associated metallogeny.Here we investigate a group of intrusions termed "Five Golden Flowers" based on petrological,geochemical,zircon U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic studies on the granitoids and their mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs).Our results show that these intrusions are genetically divided into two types,namely,magma-mixing and highly fractionated.The Jiaochangba,Lujing,Zhongchuan,and Luchuba granitoids are biotite monzogranites(220±0.8 Ma to 217±2.6 Ma) with abundant coeval MMEs(220±.1 Ma to 217±2.7 Ma).The rocks contain moderate to high SiO2,high MgO,Rb,Sr,Ba,and Th contents,but low TiO2,P2 O5,and Sc values,A/CNK of <1.1,and a range of εHf(t) values of-11.7 to +2.23 with corresponding TDM2values of 1967-1228 Ma.The MMEs possess K-feldspar megacrysts,abundant acicular apatites,and show lopsided textures.They have lower SiO2,Al2 O3,and Th contents,but higher MgO,TiO2,and Sc,with εHf(t) values of-18.0 to +3.18 and TDM1 of 849-720 Ma.The data indicate that the MMEs were derived from a magma sourced from the enriched lithospheric mantle.We suggest that these host granitoids were produced by partial melting of latePaleoproterozoic to early-Mesoproterozoic lower crust with the involvement of Neoproterozoic SCLM-derived mafic magmas.The Baijiazhuang pluton is dominantly composed of leucogranite(muscovite granite and twomica monzogranite,216±1.5 Ma) without MMEs.The rocks are peraluminous with high A/CNK(1.06-1.27).Compared with the other four granitoids,the Baijiazhuang leucogranite shows higher SiO2 content,markedly lower concentrations of TiO2,MgO,Al2 O3,CaO,and Fe2 O3T,and lower LREE/HREE and(La/Yb)N values.These leucogranites are also rich in Rb,Th,and U,and display marked depletions in Ba,Sr,Ti,and Eu,indicating that they experienced significant fractionation.Zircon εHf(t) values(-10.2 to-3.27) and TDM2(1868-1424 Ma),as well as the Nb/Ta and K2 O/Na2 O values are similar to the other four granitoids,indicating that they are likely to have been derived from a similar source;with sediments playing only a minor role in the magma generation.The low contents of Yb and Y suggest that their partial melting was controlled by garnets and micrographic texture of K-feldspar reflects high-temperature melting through undercooling.Based on the above features,we infer that the Baijiazhuang leucogranite likely represents the product of high degree fractionation of the I-type biotite monzogranite magma which generated the other four granitoids at relatively high temperatures,within magma chambers at mid-crust depths.We propose that the granitoid suite was formed in the transitional setting from synto post-collision during the collisional orogeny between the SCB and NCB,following break-off of the subducted South China Block lithosphere during 220-216 Ma.

Granitoid emplacement during syn-convergent transtension:An example from the Huamenlou pluton in North Qinling,central China

The Huamenlou pluton,is an elongated granite intrusion with high aspect ratio,emplaced within the southern margin of the North Qinling(central China).Here we investigate this pluton through multiple techniques including the fabric study,microstructural observation and zircon geochronology.Our zircon U-Pb data confirm that the granite crystallized at ca.462 Ma which is consistent with the ages of other linear plutons in North Qinling.Microstructural observations of the Huamenlou granites illustrate that the pluton has undergone superimposed deformation during its emplacement,from magmatic to hightemperature solid state conditions.The internal fabric obtained by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS)and shape preferred orientation(SPO)show similar results.The fabrics are relatively concordant and generally vary from NE-SW to NEE-SWW which are roughly oblique to the trend of the pluton elongation and the regional structures.Meanwhile,scalar parameters reflect two completely different strain regimes for the pluton and its host rocks,i.e.,the fabrics within host rocks are mainly oblate while the central part of the intrusion displays mainly prolate fabrics.It is inferred that the structural pattern recorded in this pluton was caused by local dextral transtension in consequence of oblique convergence between the South and North China Blocks.We propose that the local transtension in convergence setting probably evolved from vertical extrusion tectonics that provided room for the magma emplacement and imparted prolate fabrics in the Huamenlou pluton.

Efficacy Differences of First-line EGFR-TKIs Alone vs in Combination with Chemotherapy in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Sensitive EGFR Mutation and Concomitant Non-EGFR Genetic Alterations

Background and objective:Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are often associated with non-EGFR genetic alterations,which maybe a reason for the poor efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs).Here we conducted this study to explore whether EGFR-TKIs combined with chemotherapy would benefit advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with both sensitive EGFR mutation and concomitant non-EGFR genetic alterations.Materials and methods:Cases of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation combined with concomitant nonEGFR genetic alterations were retrospectively collected.And the patients were required to receive first-line EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy combination or EGFR-TKIs monotherapy.Demographic,clinical and pathological data were collected,and the electronic imaging data were retrieved to evaluate the efficacy and time of disease progression.Survival data were obtained through face-to-face or telephone follow-up.The differences between the two groups in objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were investigated.Results:107 patients were included,including 63 cases in the combination group and 44 cases in the monotherapy group.The ORR were 78%and 50%(P=0.003),and DCR were 97%and 77%(P=0.002),respectively.At a median follow-up of 13.7 mon,a PFS event occurred in 38.1%and 81.8%of patients in the two groups,with median PFS of18.8 mon and 5.3 mon,respectively(P<0.000,1).Median OS was unreached in the combination group,and 27.8 mon in the monotherapy group(P=0.31).According to the Cox multivariate regression analysis,combination therapy was an independent prognostic factor of PFS.Conclusion:In patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma with concomitant non-EGFR genetic alterations,combination of TKIs and chemotherapy was significantly superior to EGFR-TKIs monotherapy,which should be the preferred treatment option.

The Heat Treatment Behavior of Super-High Strength Aluminum Alloys by Spray Forming

In order to understand the stress corrosion behavior of super-high strength aluminum alloys by spray forming, different aluminum alloys by different heat treatment was made. The results showed that the alloy with peak aging has the most sensitive stress corrosion cracking, the crack can even be seen using eyes;the alloys with two step aging were better than one step aging alloys, the alloys has not been found stress corrosion cracking.

肺纤毛黏液结节性乳头状肿瘤的高分辨CT影像表现

目的探讨肺纤毛黏液结节性乳头状肿瘤(CMPT)的高分辨CT表现特点。方法回顾分析2017年1月—2020年12月烟台山医院经手术病理证实的6例CMPT患者的临床、影像及病理学资料,其中男1例、女5例,年龄59~74(66.8±4.5)岁。6例患者均行肺低剂量CT及肺结节高分辨CT扫描。观察肿瘤的大小、位置、内部特征、病理特点以及肿瘤边缘距离最近脏层胸膜的距离。结果 6例CMPT患者肺部病灶均为孤立结节,肿瘤的最大径为4~11(7.7±2.4)mm。肿瘤位于左肺下叶3例、右肺下叶2例、右肺上叶1例,位于肺外带5例、叶间胸膜附近1例。肿瘤边缘距离邻近胸膜的最小距离为0~7 mm,平均3.7 mm。1例为实性结节,有分叶,密度不均匀,肿瘤内见斑片状低密度灶。5例表现为混合磨玻璃结节,其中1例瘤体边缘光整呈类圆形、密度均匀,4例形态不规则、瘤体边缘毛糙、病灶内可见斑片状低密度灶;2例肿瘤内见"空泡征"。病理检查显示,镜下肿瘤内均见大量黏液,并向相邻肺泡腔内不规则突出。结论 CMPT常表现为发生于周围肺的单发实性或磨玻璃结节,生长缓慢;肿瘤边缘多毛糙不规则且密度不均,而镜下肿瘤内大量黏液并向周围肺泡腔内突出可能是其病理基础。

Geological characteristics,metallogenic background,and genesis of the Tongyu VHMS copper deposit in the west part of the North Qinling,Shaanxi Province

The Tongyu volcanic-hosted massive sulfide(VHMS) copper deposit is located in the west part of the North Qinling(NQL),Shaanxi Province.Here we report geological features and trace elemental characteristics of ores,mineralized rocks,and volcanic host rocks of this deposit.We also conducted in situ zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf LA-ICP-MS dating and lithogeochemical study of the Meigou granodiorite,which is intruded in the south of the Tongyu mining district.It is inferred that the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu Cu deposit belong to calc-alkaline island arc volcanic rocks,and the volcanic host rocks and the ore-forming materials share common material sources.During subduction of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab at around 472 Ma,high oxygen-fugacity aqueous fluid released by dehydration reaction of the subducting slab rose into the mantle wedge,leached Cu and other metal elements,and triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge.Associated with the ore-forming materials,the arc calc-alkaline magmas erupted and formed the Tongyu VHMS deposit.The weighted average zircon U-Pb age of the Meigou granodiorite is 439.3±3 Ma,suggesting its genesis is associated with the subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic plate around 440 Ma.In terms of the granitoid’s geochemical characteristics,the Mg#,Ni,and Cr contents are high.REE show strongly fractionated patterns with unobvious Eu anomalies.Sr contents are high while Y contents are low,resulting in high Sr/Y ratios.Two-stage zircon Hf model ages mostly range between 908 and 723 Ma,with εHf(t)】0.Therefore,we classify Meigou granodiorite as island arc granite with adakitic geochemical features.It was generated by interaction between mantle wedge and melt produced by partial melting of the subducted basaltic slab of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean.The Tongyu VHMS deposit was formed in the island arc tectonic setting during Ordovician-Silurian between 439.3±3 Ma and 472±11 Ma.The volcanic exhalation-sedimentation,which was contemporaneous with the submarine volcanics,produced the primary mineralization of the Tongyu Cu deposit.Afterward,the ore bodies and host rocks were reworked and overprinted intensively by structures corresponding with the overall collisional orogenic process of the Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Indosinian period.In contrast to classic VHMS deposits such as the Kuroko deposit in Japan,the Tongyu Cu deposit possesses the dual characteristics of island arc volcanic exhalation and sedimentation as well as structural reworking and overprinting.Therefore,the Tongyu VHMS Cu deposit is a volcanic exhalation and sedimentation-structural reworking and overprinting type deposit.

COR27 and COR28 encode nighttime repressors integrating Arabidopsis circadian clock and cold response

Summary It was noted that circadian components function in plant adaptation to diurnal temperature cycles and freezing tolerance. Our genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that evening-phased COR27 and COR28 mainly repress the transcription of clockassociated evening genes PRRS, ELF4 and cold-responsive genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that CCAI is recruited to the site containing EE elements of COR27 and COR28 promoters in a temperaturedependent way. Further genetic analysis shows COR28 is essential for the circadian function of PRR9 and PRRT. Together, our results support a role of COR27 and COR28 as nighttime repressors integrating circadian clock and plant cold stress responses.

Germanium-on-silicon avalanche photodiode for 1550 nm weak light signal detection at room temperature

To optimize the dark current characteristic and detection efficiency of the 1550 nm weak light signal at room temperature,this work proposes a Ge-on-Si avalanche photodiode[APD]in Geiger mode,which could operate at 300 K.This lateral separate absorption charge multiplication APD shows a low breakdown voltage[V_(br)]in Geiger mode of-7.42 V and low dark current of 0.096 n A at unity gain voltage[V_(Gain)=1=-7.03 V].Combined with an RF amplifier module and counter,the detection system demonstrates a low dark count rate[DCR]of 1.1×10^(6) counts per second and high detection efficiencyηof 7.8%for 1550 nm weak coherent pulse detection at 300 K.The APD reported in this work weakens the dependence of the weak optical signal recognition on the low environment temperature and makes single-chip integration of the single-photon level detection system possible.

Long-term correction of hemorrhagic diathesis in hemophilia A mice by an AAV-delivered hybrid FⅧcomposed of the human heavy chain and the rat light chain

Conventional therapies for hemophilia A(HA)are prophylactic or on-demand intravenous FⅧinfusions.However,they are expensive and inconvenient to perform.Thus,better strategies for HA treatment must be developed.In this study,a recombinant FⅧcDNA encoding a human/rat hybrid FⅧwith an enhanced procoagulant potential for adeno-associated virus(AAV)-delivered gene therapy was developed.Plasmids containing human FⅧheavy chain(hHC),human light chain(hLC),and rat light chain(rLC)were transfected into cells and hydrodynamically injected into HA mice.Purified AAV viruses were intravenously injected into HA mice at two doses.Results showed that the hHC+rLC protein had a higher activity than the hHC+hLC protein at comparable expression levels.The specific activity of hHC+rLC was about 4-to 8-fold higher than that of their counterparts.Hydrodynamic injection experiments obtained consistent results.Notably,the HA mice undergoing the AAV-delivered hHC+rLC treatment exhibited a visibly higher activity than those treated with hHC+hLC,and the therapeutic effects lasted for up to 40 weeks.In conclusion,the application of the hybrid FⅧ(hHC+rLC)via an AAV-delivered gene therapy substantially improved the hemorrhagic diathesis of the HA mice.These data might be of help to the development of optimized FⅧexpression cassette for HA gene therapy.

Enhanced Adhesion of Mussel-inspired Adhesive through Manipulating Contents of Dopamine Methacrylamide and Molecular Weight of Polymer

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the contents of modified 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine （DOPA）, named as do- pamine methacrylamide （DMA）, on the adhesion of mussel-inspired adhesives in air and water. A series of adhesives, p（DMA-co-MEA）, were synthesized by copolymerized DMA and methoxy ethylacrylate （MEA） with the content of DMA from 2 mol.% to 10 mol.%. Results of IH NMR show that the contents of DMA in all adhesives are near to the theory ratios of DMA in the staring reagents. Adhesives with more than 5 mol.% of DMA appear adhesion, while adhesives with 2 mol. % and 3 mol. % of DMA show almost no adhesion in air and water. Adhesive with 7 mol.% of DMA has the highest molecular weight and adhesion either in air or in water in all adhesives. Adhesion of adhesive is synergistically influenced by the content of DMA, molecular weight and elastic modulus of adhesive. It is because that higher content of DMA would provide more DOPA, which leads to the coordination bond between DOPA and metal ions. It is feasible to develop the mussel-inspired adhesive through incorporating DMA into polymers, which will have potential application in the clinic.

Radically distributed value and normal families of meromorphic functions

We establish several upper-bound estimates for the growth of meromorphic functions with radially distributed value. We also obtain a normality criterion for a class of meromorphic functions, where any two of whose differential polynomials share a non-zero value. Our theorems improve some previous results.

Numerical simulation of the soliton solutions for a complex modified Korteweg—de Vries equation by a finite difference method

In this paper,a Crank-Nicolson-type finite difference method is proposed for computing the soliton solutions of a complex modifed Korteweg de Vries(MKdV)equation(which is equivalent to the Sasa-Satsuma equation)with the vanishing boundary condition.It is proved that such a numerical scheme has the second order accuracy both in space and time,and conserves the mass in the discrete level.Meanwhile,the resuling scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable via the von Nuemann analysis.In addition,an iterative method and the Thomas algorithm are used together to enhance the computational efficiency.In numerical experiments,this method is used to simulate the single-soliton propagation and two-soliton collisions in the complex MKdV equation.The numerical accuracy,mass conservation and linear stability are tested to assess the scheme's performance.