A new abdominal drainage tube fixation method for 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy improves patients’postoperative quality of life

Objective Laparoscopic surgery has become a routine general surgery with many advantages,such as alleviating abdominal pain.However,postoperative pain caused by abdominal drainage tubes has attracted little attention from medical staff.The aim of this study was to explore the influence of a new abdominal drainage tube fixation method for 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)on patients’postoperative quality of life.Methods Patients who underwent 3-port LC with abdominal drainage tubes in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Linyi People’s Hospital from March 1,2023 to October 31,2023 due to gallstones with chronic cholecystitis were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.In the experimental group,the new abdominal drainage tube fixation method was used,while in the control group,the traditional method was used.Afterward,the quality of life of patient in terms of pain,activity,recovery time,and mental health status was evaluated.The exudate around the patient’s drainage tube was collected for bacterial culture and analysis.Results A total of 139 patients were randomly divided into an experimental group(70 patients)and a control group(69 patients).The patients’baseline characteristics were not significantly different.The patients in the experimental group had better outcomes in quality of life,with higher pain scores(24.03±2.37 vs.15.48±2.29,p<0.001)and activity scores(20.57±1.78 vs.14.13±1.43,p<0.001),and a shorter postoperative recovery time(2.36±0.68 d vs.2.96±1.34 d,p<0.001).The same results were shown in linear regression analysis scores of the 2 groups.The positive rate of bacterial culture in the exudate around the patient’s drainage tube in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(12.9%vs.43.5%,p<0.001);and furthermore,the positive rate of conditional pathogenic bacteria was even lower(7.1%vs.33.3%,p<0.001)in the experimental group than in the control group.Conclusion This new abdominal drainage tube fixation method can effectively promote patient rehabilitation and improve the quality of life for patient following 3-port LC with abdominal drainage tubes.

Enhancement of the formic acid electrooxidation activity of palladium using graphene/carbon black binary carbon supports

Combinations of graphene(Gr)and carbon black(C)were employed as binary carbon supports to fabricate Pd‐based electrocatalysts via one‐pot co‐reduction with Pd2+.The electrocatalytic performance of the resulting Pd/Gr‐C catalysts during the electrooxidation of formic acid was assessed.A Pd/Gr0.3C0.7(Gr oxide:C=3:7,based on the precursor mass ratio)electrocatalyst exhibited better catalytic performance than both Pd/C and Pd/Gr catalysts.The current density generated by the Pd/Gr0.3C0.7catalyst was as high as102.14mA mgPd?1,a value that is approximately3times that obtained from the Pd/C(34.40mA mgPd?1)and2.6times that of the Pd/Gr material(38.50mA mgPd?1).The anodic peak potential of the Pd/Gr0.3C0.7was120mV more negative than that of the Pd/C and70mV more negative than that of the Pd/Gr.Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the spherical C particles accumulated on the wrinkled graphene surfaces to form C cluster/Gr hybrids having three‐dimensional nanostructures.X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the interaction between the Pd metal and the binary Gr‐C support.The Pd/Gr0.3C0.7also exhibited high stability,and so is a promising candidate for the fabrication of anodes for direct formic acid fuel cells.This work demonstrates a simple and cost‐effective method for improving the performance of Pd‐based electrocatalysts,which should have potential industrial applications.

Choledocholithiasis caused by anatomical variation of cystic duct: A case report

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)has gradually become the first choice for the treatment of cholecystolithiasis in recent years.Iatrogenic bile duct injury(IBDI)is an important clinical problem in LC.The anatomical variation of the cystic duct increases the probability of IBDI and the difficulty of operation.We present a case of a 44-year-old male with a anatomical variation of the cystic duct complicated with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,who successfully underwent choledocholithotomy,choledochoscopic exploration and T-tube drainage surgery.The patient recovered well and was discharged home on postoperative day 10.The T-tube was removed at 1 month postoperatively after cholangiography examination of no choledocholithiasis left.

巩膜接触镜的临床应用及研究进展

巩膜接触镜是一种不与角膜接触,完全由巩膜支撑的大直径、硬性、透气性接触镜。过去巩膜接触镜仅用于治疗严重的眼部疾病且仅少数医生拥有验配处方权。近年来,随着镜片材料、设计的不断更新,巩膜接触镜的安全性在不断提高,其应用范围也日渐广泛。巩膜接触镜可通过中和光学像差为角膜不规则患者提供清晰稳定的视力,还可有效治疗各种眼表疾病,已成为一种新型的眼表疾病治疗手段。尽管巩膜接触镜应用于临床治疗的有效性已得到充分证明,但巩膜接触镜的验配及使用较复杂,且需要长期的随访和护理。现就巩膜接触镜的特性和分类、发展历程、临床应用以及不良反应等方面进行阐述,以全面了解巩膜接触镜的现状,为巩膜接触镜的应用提供参考。

Hygrothermal ageing performance of high temperature vulcanised silicone rubber and its degradation mechanism

High temperature vulcanised silicone rubber(SR)has excellent hydrophobicity and thus is widely applied both in indoor and outdoor insulation.According to the analysis of different experimental ageing tests and field investigation of SR,temperature and humidity are considered to be the fundamental factors during degradation.Hygrothermal ageing was proposed in this study to simulate the chalking state of the SR,finally leading to the irreversible degradation far below the thermal decomposition temperature.The variation of morphology,hardness and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)content was quantified during the yearlong hygrothermal ageing test.It is implied that the gradual process of whitening and hardening are accompanied by the decline of the PDMS content.Finally,ageing delamination in SR and its degradation mechanism were proposed.

Ablation of Mea6/cTAGE5 in oligodendrocytes significantly impairs white matter structure and lipid content

Lipid-rich myelin is a special structure formed by oligodendrocytes wrapping neuronal axons.Abnormal myelin sheath is associated with many neurological diseases.Meningioma-expressed antigen 6(Mea6)/cutaneous T cell lymphoma-associated antigen 5C(cTAGE5C)plays an important role in vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)to Golgi,and conditional knockout(cKO)of Mea6 in the brain significantly affects neural development and brain function.However,whether the impaired brain function involves the development of oligodendrocytes and white matter beyond neurons remains unclear.In this study,by using different models of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,we showed that cKO of Mea6 in oligodendrocytes leads to significant impairment of the gross and microstructure of the white matter,as well as a significant decrease of cholesterol and triglycerides in brains.Our lipidomic analysis of purified myelin sheath for the first time showed that Mea6 elimination in oligodendrocytes significantly altered the lipid composition in myelin lipidome,especially the proportion of very long chain fatty acids(VLCFAs).In particular,the levels of most VLCFA-containing phosphatidylcholines were substantially lower in the myelin sheath of the cKO mice.The reduction of VLCFAs is likely due to the downregulated expression of elongation of very long chain fatty acids(ELOVLs).Our study of an animal model with white matter malformation and the comprehensive lipid profiling would provide clues for future studies of the formation of myelin sheath,myelin lipids,and the pathogenesis of white matter diseases.

Jeu de mots paronomasia:a StackOverflow‑driven bug discovery approach

Locating bug code snippets(short for BugCode)has been a complex problem throughout the history of software security,mainly because the constraints that define BugCode are obscure and hard to summarize.Previously,security analysts attempted to define such constraints manually(e.g.,limiting buffer size to detect overflow),but were limited to the types of BugCode.Recent researchers address this problem by extracting constraints from program documentation,which shows the potential for API misuse.But for bugs beyond the scope of API misuse,such an approach becomes less effective since the corresponding constraints are not defined in documents,not to mention the programs without documentation In this paper,inspired by the fact that expert programmers often correct the BugCode on open forums such as StackOverflow,we design an approach to automatically extract knowledge from StackOverflow and leverage it to detect BugCode.As we all know,the contexts in StackOverflow come from ordinary developers.Their writing tends to be loosely organized and in various styles,which are more challenging to analyze than program documentation.To address the challenges,we design a custom tokenization approach to segment sentences and employ sentiment analysis to find the Controversial Sentences(CSs)that typically contain the constraints we need for code analysis.Then we use constituency parsing to extract knowledge from CSs,which helps locate Bug-Code.We evaluated our system on 41,144 comments from the questions tagged with Java and Android.The results show that our approach achieves 95.5%precision in discovering CSs.We have discovered 276 pieces of BugCode proved to be true through manual validation including an assigned CVE.89.3%of the discovered bugs remained in the current version of answers,which are unknown to users.

Screening cytokine/chemokine profiles in serum and organs from an endotoxic shock mouse model by LiquiChip

Studying the cytokine profiles in animal models or patients with sepsis provides an experimental basis for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used a liquid protein chip （LiquiChip）, also known as flexible multi-analyte profiling technology, to perform quantitative analyses of several cytokines and chemokines （e.g., IL-II3, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-ct, IFN-7, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, keratinocyte chemoattractant, monocyte chemoattractant protein, monokine induced by gamma interferon, IFN-7-inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha）. The levels of these cytokines and chemokines were determined both in the blood and in tissues, including the lung, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, brain, stomach, intestine and muscle, of mice challenged with LPS, Our data showed variable production levels of LPS-induced cytokines in different mouse organs, and the cytokine in the blood did not correlate with those in the organs. We also showed that the levels of most cytokines peaked within 1 to 6 h and decreased rapidly afterward. A variety of inflammatory cytokines might be related to the damage in different organs during septic shock. Our data also suggest that the spleen might be an important target organ in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis.

Associations between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing geno- type and drug resistance to four first-line drugs： a survey in China

Investigations on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China have shown that Beijing genotype strains play a dominant role. To study the assoeiation between the M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype and the drug-resistance phenotype, 1286 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates together with epidemiologieal and clinical information of patients were collected from the center for tuberculosis （TB） prevention and control or TB hospitals in Beijing municipality and nine provinces or autonomous regions in China. Drug resistance testing was conducted on all the isolates to the four first-line anti-TB drugs （isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, and ethambutol）. A total of 585 strains were found to be resistant to at least one of the four anti-TB drugs. The Beijing family strains consisted of 499 （53.20%） drug-sensitive strains and 439 （46.80%） drug-resistant strains, whereas the non-Beijing family strains comprised 202 （58.05%） drug-sensitive strains and 146 （41.95%） drug-resistant strains. No significant difference was observed in prevalence （X2=2.41, P 〉 0.05） between the drug-resistant and drug- sensitive strains among the Beijing family strains. Analysis of monoresistance, multidrug-resistant TB, and geographic distribution of drug resistance did not find any relationships between the M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype and drug-resistance phenotype in China. Results confirmed that the Beijing genotype, the predominant M. tuberculosis genotype in China, was not associated with drug resistance.

Grain boundary optimization induced substantial squareness enhancement and high performance in iron-rich Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets

Increasing iron content has been witnessed an essential method to improve the remanence of 2:17-type Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets,however,the inferior squareness factor accompanied with the increased iron content turns into a neck sticking problem.In this work,the grain boundary optimization induced substantial squareness enhancement from 63.4%to 91.4%,and consequently an excellent maximum energy product of 32.63 MGOe have been achieved in iron-rich Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr magnets via tuning solution process.It is clearly revealed that the grain boundary(GB)phases as well as the micro-twins’density in grain interiors can be controlled and interprets the enhancement mechanism of squareness.

Rab20 is critical for bacterial lipoprotein tolerization-enhanced bactericidal activity in macrophages during bacterial infection

Bacterial cell wall component-induced tolerance represents an important protective mechanism during microbial infection.Tolerance induced by the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein(BLP)has been shown to attenuate the inflammatory response,and simultaneously to augment antimicrobial function,thereby conferring its protection against microbial sepsis.However,the underlying mechanism by which BLP tolerance augments bactericidal activity has not been fully elucidated.Here,we reported that the induction of BLP tolerance in murine macrophages upregulated the expression of Rab20,a membrane trafficking regulator,at both the mRNA and protein levels upon bacterial infection.The knockdown of Rab20 with Rab20 specific siRNA(siRab20)did not affect the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli(E.coli),but substantially impaired the intracellular killing of the ingested E.coli in BLP-tolerized macrophages.Furthermore,Rab20 was associated with GFP-E.coli containing phagosomes,and BLP tolerization resulted in the enhanced maturation of GFP-E.coli-containing phagosomes associated with Rab20 and strong lysosomal acidification.The knockdown of Rab20 substantially diminished lysosome acidification and disturbed the fusion of GFP-E.coli containing phagosomes with lysosomes in BLP-tolerized macrophages.These results demonstrate that Rab20 plays a critical role in BLP tolerization-induced augmentation of bactericidal activity via promoting phagosome maturation and the fusion of bacteria containing phagosomes with lysosomes.

Flexible asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy density based on optimized MnO_2 cathode and Fe_2O_3 anode

All-so lid-state flexible supercapacitors have shown great potential in wearable and portable electronics.In this work, a flexible asymmetric pseudocapacitor(FAPC) is fabricated by using MnO_2 nanosheetscarbon fabric as cathode and Fe_2O_3 nanowire-carbon fabric as anode in the presence of PVA-LiCl as gel electrolyte. With high area capacitances of MnO_2 and Fe_2O_3 based electrodes by optimizing the reaction conditions, the device shows high working potential of 1.8 V, high area capacitance of 83.3 mF/cm^2(119 F/g), stable cycling performance with 82.3% of capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, and a competitive energy density of 53.55 Wh/kg in the broader context of MnO_2-based supercapacitors. In addition, the FAPC demonstrates excellent mechanical stability and flexibility with negligible degradation of electrochemical performance after numerous bending tests, establishing it as a promising candidate for portable and wearable energy storage.

Preparation, identification, and clinical application ofanti-HBs monoclonal antibody that binds both wild-typeand immune escape mutant HBsAgs

Using a standard cellular fusion technique and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),a hybridoma cell line strain secreting anti-HBs monoclonal antibody(mAb)(defined G6 mAb)was obtained.The cells grew and secreted mAb stably.Antibody titers in the culture supernatant and ascites were 2.048�106 and 4.096�106,respectively.By applying the anti-HBs G6 mAb and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-labeled goat anti-HBs antibody,we developed a sandwich ELISA(defined G6m ELISA)for detecting both wild-type and immune escape mutant HBsAgs(IEM HBsAg).The assay was performed to detect 17 species of genome recombinant expression HBsAg,including two wild-type species and 15 IEM HBsAg species,which varied in the“a”determinant,in a group of patients infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV).The patients previously had a lower ELISA detection signal[(absorbance of patients/absorbance of normal people(P/N):1.0–4.5)].The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of this assay to wild-type HBsAg was no less than 0.125μg/L;12 of 15 IEM HBsAg species(P/N≥2.5)were positive for G6 mAb.Of the positive IEM HBsAg species,two had a low absorbance value at 450 nm(A450),one had an intermediate A450 value and nine had a high A450 value,which was 7.55%(mean),59.4%and 92.1%–109.4%of the wild-type A450 value,respectively.The two species with low A450 value and the three negative species mutated at the bases 120–124 in thefirst loop of the HBV“a”determinant.Using the G6 ELISA and two commercial ELISA kits(A and B),177 patients were tested.The G6 ELISA had a significantly higher detection rate than either commercial ELISAs(19.21%vs 14.89%and 6.21%,respectively;P<0.01,P<0.05,respectively).

The inconsistency of documentation:a study of online C standard library documents

The C standard libraries are basic function libraries standardized by the C language.Programmers usually refer to their APl documentation provided by third-party websites.Unfortunately,these documents are not necessarily complete or accurate,especially for constraint sentences of APl usage,which are called Security Specifications(SSs).SS issues can prevent programmers from following obligatory constraints,which results in APl misuse vulnerabilities.Previous work studying SS issues could only find certain types of inaccurate SSs through checking the compliance between APl usage and existing SSs.Therefore,we propose a novel approach SSeeker for quickly discovering missing and inaccurate SSs through the inconsistency of semantically similar SSs.More specifically,SSeeker first completes broken sentences and discovers SSs from them by judging their constraint sentiment.Then SSeeker puts semantically similar SSs from different sources into a group,which can be used to discover missing or inaccurate SSs.With the help of SSeeker,we investigated 4 popular online third-party C standard library documents,studied their conformity with the C99 standard,analyzed their APls and SSs,and discovered 92 prototype issues,15 web page issues,and 96 SS issues.