The conventional optimal tracking control method cannot realize decoupling control of linear systems with a strong coupling property. To solve this problem, in this paper, an optimal decoupling control method is propo...The conventional optimal tracking control method cannot realize decoupling control of linear systems with a strong coupling property. To solve this problem, in this paper, an optimal decoupling control method is proposed, which can simultaneously provide optimal performance. The optimal decoupling controller is composed of an inner-loop decoupling controller and an outer-loop optimal tracking controller. First, by introducing one virtual control variable, the original differential equation on state is converted to a generalized system on output. Then, by introducing the other virtual control variable, and viewing the coupling terms as the measurable disturbances, the generalized system is open-loop decoupled. Finally, for the decoupled system,the optimal tracking control method is used. It is proved that the decoupling control is optimal for a certain performance index.Simulations on a ball mill coal-pulverizing system are conducted.The results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method as compared with the conventional optimal quadratic tracking(LQT) control method.展开更多
Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly...Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.展开更多
Exposure to radiation causes DNA damage;hence, continuous surveillance and timely DNA repair are important for genome stability. Epigenetic modifications alter the chromatin architecture, thereby affecting the efficie...Exposure to radiation causes DNA damage;hence, continuous surveillance and timely DNA repair are important for genome stability. Epigenetic modifications alter the chromatin architecture, thereby affecting the efficiency of DNA repair. However, how epigenetic modifiers coordinate with the DNA repair machinery to modulate cellular radiosensitivity is relatively unknown. Here, we report that loss of the demethylase ribosomal oxygenase 1(RIOX1) restores cell proliferation and reduces cell death after exposure to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, RIOX1 depletion enhances homologous recombination(HR) repair but not nonhomologous endjoining(NHEJ) repair in irradiated bone marrow cells and oral mucosal epithelial cells. Mechanistic study demonstrates that RIOX1 removes monomethylation at K491 of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS) to release c GAS from its interaction with the methyl-lysine reader protein SAGA complex-associated factor 29(SGF29), which subsequently enables c GAS to interact with poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1) at DNA break sites, thereby blocking PARP1-mediated recruitment of Timeless. High expression of RIOX1 maintains c GAS K491 me at a low level, which impedes HR repair and reduces cellular tolerance to ionizing radiation. This study highlights a novel RIOX1-dependent mechanism involved in the non-immune function of c GAS that is essential for the regulation of ionizing radiation-elicited HR repair.展开更多
The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method o...The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method of laser shadowgraphy is used in the experiment.Experimental results show that when the pulse delay is 2.4 ms, the ms and ns laser energy density is 301 J cm^(-2) and 12 J cm^(-2), respectively, the velocity of shock wave is 1.09 times faster than that induced by single ns pulse laser. It is inferred that the shock wave propagates in the plasma is faster than that in air. When the ms and ns laser energy density is 414.58 and 24 J cm^(-2), the velocity of shock wave shows rising trend with pulse delay in a range of 1.4 ms>Δt> 0.8 ms. It is indicated that with the increase of ns laser energy, the laser energy absorbed by laser-supported absorption wave increases. The mechanism of inverse bremsstrahlung absorption acts with target surface absorption simultaneously during the ns laser irradiation. Thus, the phenomenon of the double shock wave is induced. The numerical results of the phenomenon were accordance with experiment. The results of this research can provide a reference for the field of laser propulsion.展开更多
Melamine as an important chemical raw material and a harmful additive in foods has attracted many people’s attention. In the present paper, The graphite-epoxy composited solid phase electrode was modified with bismut...Melamine as an important chemical raw material and a harmful additive in foods has attracted many people’s attention. In the present paper, The graphite-epoxy composited solid phase electrode was modified with bismuth layer by cyclic voltammetric deposition of bismuth from Bi(NO3)3 aqueous solution including 0.10 M HNO3, and hydrolyzed into micro bismuthyl chloride on-sites. Melamine in fresh milk was extracted with solid phase micro-extraction on the bismuthyl chloride modified graphite-epoxy composited solid electrode. The adsorption of melamine on bismuthyl chloride particle surfaces follows a Freundlich adsorption model, and results in the decrease of the reduction peak current of bismuth in bismuthyl chloride, and determined by differential pulse voltammetry from fresh milk in a larger concentration range of 10–4 ? 10–12 M with detection limit of 2.5 ? 10–12 M and relative standard deviation of 2.7%. The method is sensitive, convenient and was applied in the detection of melamine in fresh milk with relative deviation of 4.2% in content of 0.45 mg/kg melamine in the fresh milk.展开更多
Objective In this study,we aimed to determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of atezolizumab,identify ADR signals that are significantly related to atezolizumab,and provide a reference for the rational u...Objective In this study,we aimed to determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of atezolizumab,identify ADR signals that are significantly related to atezolizumab,and provide a reference for the rational use of atezolizumab in the clinic through the statistical analysis of its adverse drug events(ADEs)reported in the American Food and Drug Administration(FDA)Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database.Methods In total,4796 cases of atezolizumab ADEs reported in the American FAERS database from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The top three ADEs were febrile neutropenia(3.7%),anemia(2.9%),and acute renal failure(2.3%).In addition,the incidence rates of some ADEs were significantly different according to sex and age.The systematic organ classification of atezolizumab ADEs involved 32 systems,among which the top three were blood and lymphatic system disorders(585 cases,12.2%),gastrointestinal disorders(433 cases,9.0%),and infections and infestations(401 cases,8.4%).The reporting odds ratio(ROR)method was used to detect the ADR signals of atezolizumab.The ROR(95%confidence interval)of the top ADE,febrile neutropenia,was 39.236(33.757–45.604).In addition,we found 121 cases of complications associated with immune-related ADEs.Conclusion The ADRs of atezolizumab reported in the FAERS database were consistent with those mentioned in the instructions for atezolizumab use,suggesting that atezolizumab has an acceptable and controllable drug effect.展开更多
Background:Atopic dermatitis(AD)affects approximately 10%of adults worldwide.CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling.This ...Background:Atopic dermatitis(AD)affects approximately 10%of adults worldwide.CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling.This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021.Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized(1:1:1)to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310,150 mg CM310,or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks,followed by an 8-week follow-up period.The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving≥75%improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI-75)score from baseline at week 16.Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.Results:At week 16,the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups(70%[28/40]for high-dose and 65%[26/40]for low-dose)than that in the placebo group(20%[8/40]).The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50%(high vs.placebo,95%CI 31%-69%)and 45%(low vs.placebo,95%CI 26%-64%),with both P values<0.0001.CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score,Investigator’s Global Assessment score,daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale,AD-affected body surface area,and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo.CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine,total immunoglobulin E,lactate dehydrogenase,and blood eosinophils.The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)was similar among all three groups,with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection,atopic dermatitis,hyperlipidemia,and hyperuricemia.No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310.Conclusion:CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04805411.展开更多
Age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a feature of sarcopenia,and increases the risk of many aging-related metabolic diseases.Here,we report phenotypic and single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses o...Age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a feature of sarcopenia,and increases the risk of many aging-related metabolic diseases.Here,we report phenotypic and single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses of non-human primate skeletal muscle aging.A higher transcriptional fluctuation was observed in myonuclei relative to other interstitial cell types,indicating a higher susceptibility of skeletal muscle fiber to aging.We found a downregulation of Foxo3 in aged primate skeletal muscle,and identi-fied FOxo3 as a hub transcription factor maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis.Through the establishment of a complementary experimental pipeline based on a human pluripotent stem cell-derived myotube model,we revealed that silence of Foxo3 accelerates human myotube senescence,whereas genetic activation of endogenous FOxO3 alleviates human myotube aging.Altogether,based on a combination of monkey skeletal muscle and human myotube aging research models,we unraveled the pivotal role of the FOxO3 in safeguarding primate skeletal muscle from aging,providing a comprehensive resource for the development of clinical diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions against human skeletal muscle aging and the onset of sarcopenia along with aging-relateddisorders.展开更多
Local delivery of nanomedicines holds therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,it presents tremendous challenges due to the existence of multiple physiological barriers,especially intracellular obstacles...Local delivery of nanomedicines holds therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,it presents tremendous challenges due to the existence of multiple physiological barriers,especially intracellular obstacles,including intracellular trafficking,subcellular accumulation,and drug release.Herein,we report a multifunctional nanoparticle(CMSNR)by wrapping the mesoporous silica nanorod with cell membrane derived from CRC cells for improved chemotherapy.Compared with their naked counterparts,the cell membrane endowed CMSNR with homotypic targeting and improved cellular uptake capacities.Due to the rod-like shape,CMSNR achieved superior colorectal mucus permeability,enhanced tumor accumulation,and boosted cellular uptake than their spherical counterparts.Moreover,the internalized CMSNR underwent robust intracellular trafficking and gained augmented motility toward the nucleus,leading to efficient perinuclear accumulation and a subsequent 5.6-fold higher nuclear accumulation of loaded drug than that of nanospheres.In the orthotopic colorectal tumor-bearing nude mice,rectally administrated mefuparib hydrochloride(MPH)-loaded CMSNR traversed the colorectal mucus,penetrated the tumor tissue,and successfully aggregated in the perinuclear region of cancer cells,thus exhibiting significantly improved antitumor outcomes.Our findings highlight the shape-based design of cell membranecoated nanoparticles that can address sequential drug delivery barriers has a promising future in cancer nanomedicine.展开更多
Purpose The physics design of the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)was finished after many times of iteration.Hereby,the typical equilibrium electron beam parameters corresponding to the proposed two baseline operation ...Purpose The physics design of the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)was finished after many times of iteration.Hereby,the typical equilibrium electron beam parameters corresponding to the proposed two baseline operation modes in the baseline design of HEPS are presented.Methods To compute the equilibrium parameters of the electron beam,the lattice parameters,RF parameters,and the parameters of the insertion devices(IDs)were determined first.Furthermore,it is more precise to use the full-current electron beam parameters in the estimations of the performance of the synchrotron light.Therefore,not only the single-particle dynamics but also the current-dependent collective effects need to be considered in the computations of the full-current,equilibrium parameters of the electron beam.Both analytic computations and multi-particle tracking simulations were carried out.Results The full-current,equilibrium parameters of the electron beams in the HEPS storage ring are presented in this paper.Moreover,the main beam parameters in the injector(the booster and the LINAC),corresponding to the two baseline operation modes of the storage ring,are also presented.Conclusion The typical electron beam parameters corresponding to the two baseline operation modes are given in detail in this paper.展开更多
Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has potential risks for both clinically worsening pulmonary hypertension(PH)and increasing mortality.However,the data regarding the protective role of vaccination in this p...Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has potential risks for both clinically worsening pulmonary hypertension(PH)and increasing mortality.However,the data regarding the protective role of vaccination in this population are still lacking.This study aimed to assess the safety of approved vaccination for patients with PH.Methods:In this national prospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with PH(World Health Organization[WHO]groups 1 and 4)were enrolled from October 2021 to April 2022.The primary outcome was the composite of PH-related major adverse events.We used an inverse probability weighting(IPW)approach to control for possible confounding factors in the baseline characteristics of patients.Results:In total,706 patients with PH participated in this study(mean age,40.3 years;mean duration after diagnosis of PH,8.2 years).All patients received standardized treatment for PH in accordance with guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PH in China.Among them,278 patients did not receive vaccination,whereas 428 patients completed the vaccination series.None of the participants were infected with COVID-19 during our study period.Overall,398 patients received inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine,whereas 30 received recombinant protein subunit vaccine.After adjusting for baseline covariates using the IPW approach,the odds of any adverse events due to PH in the vaccinated group did not statistically significantly increase(27/428[6.3%]vs.24/278[8.6%],odds ratio=0.72,P=0.302).Approximately half of the vaccinated patients reported at least one post-vaccination side effects,most of which were mild,including pain at the injection site(159/428,37.1%),fever(11/428,2.6%),and fatigue(26/428,6.1%).Conclusions:COVID-19 vaccination did not significantly augment the PH-related major adverse events for patients with WHO groups 1 and 4 PH,although there were some tolerable side effects.A large-scale randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm this finding.The final approval of the COVID-19 vaccination for patients with PH as a public health strategy is promising.展开更多
As shown in our previous study, two alternatively spliced androgen receptor(AR) variants, which are exclusively expressed in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, exhibit retarded nuclear tra...As shown in our previous study, two alternatively spliced androgen receptor(AR) variants, which are exclusively expressed in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, exhibit retarded nuclear translocation compared with wild-type AR. However, researchers have not yet determined whether these abnormalities correlate with heat shock protein 90(HSP90)and importin α(the former is a generally accepted co-chaperone of AR, and the latter is a component of classical nuclear import complexes). Here, these two variants were mainly retained in cytoplasm with HSP90 and importin α in the presence of dihydrotestosterone(DHT), and their levels in nucleus were significantly reduced, according to the immunofluorescence staining. The binding affinity of two AR variants for importin α was consistently decreased, while it was increased in WT-AR following DHT stimulation, leading to reduced nuclear import, particularly for the insertion-AR(Ins-AR). However, the binding affinities of two AR variants for HSP90 were increased in the absence of DHT compared with WT-AR, which functioned to maintain spatial structural stability, particularly for the deletion-AR(Del-AR). Therefore, the retarded nuclear translocation of two AR variants is associated with HSP90 and importin α, and the abnormal binding affinities for them play critical roles in this process.展开更多
Purpose The High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is a synchrotron radiation source with an ultrahigh brightness and under construction in China.Its accelerator system is comprised of a 6-GeV storage ring,a full energy boost...Purpose The High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is a synchrotron radiation source with an ultrahigh brightness and under construction in China.Its accelerator system is comprised of a 6-GeV storage ring,a full energy booster,a 500-meV Linac and three transport lines.With deepening investigations on the physics designs of the storage ring and the booster,the physics scheme of the Linac has evolved through multiple versions.Methods The final version of the Linac,including the electron gun,bunching system and main accelerator,has been deter-mined.The Linac is an s-band normal conducting electron linear accelerator with a very high bunch charge and a large bunch charge range.Results Based on simulations,the Linac could provide electron bunches with charge greater than 8.5-nC,meeting the energy spread and emittance requirements.Conclusions This paper first reviews the evolution and main considerations for different design versions and then describes the physics design and dynamic simulation results of the final scheme in detail.展开更多
Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores.In this study,we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter(PCFT),whic...Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores.In this study,we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter(PCFT),which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats,mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles(FNP).Specifically,the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway,Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis,featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4%in the diabetic rats.Conversely,in cells with relatively low PCFT expression,the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP,and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes.Overall,we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway.This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61573090)the Research Funds for the Central Universities(N130108001)
文摘The conventional optimal tracking control method cannot realize decoupling control of linear systems with a strong coupling property. To solve this problem, in this paper, an optimal decoupling control method is proposed, which can simultaneously provide optimal performance. The optimal decoupling controller is composed of an inner-loop decoupling controller and an outer-loop optimal tracking controller. First, by introducing one virtual control variable, the original differential equation on state is converted to a generalized system on output. Then, by introducing the other virtual control variable, and viewing the coupling terms as the measurable disturbances, the generalized system is open-loop decoupled. Finally, for the decoupled system,the optimal tracking control method is used. It is proved that the decoupling control is optimal for a certain performance index.Simulations on a ball mill coal-pulverizing system are conducted.The results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method as compared with the conventional optimal quadratic tracking(LQT) control method.
基金funded by the undergraduate student research training program of the Ministry of Education, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 41771495, 41830641, and 41988101)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program Grant 2019QZKK0208+1 种基金funded by the European Research Council Synergy project “Imbalance-P ” (Grant No. ERC-2013-Sy G-610028)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation project “CONSTRAIN” (Grant No. 820829)
文摘Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants81872218 (R.L.) and 81772692 (J.L.))CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-004 (Q.C.))+6 种基金Sichuan Science&Technology Program (2020YFSY0009 (Q.C.))Research Fund from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(RCDWJS2020-8 (R.L.))the Scientific Research Program for Young Talents of China National Nuclear Corporation (2020CNNC74 (J.L.))Research Fund from the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2019YJ0371 (J.L.))Research Fund from Chengdu Medical College (CYTD18-02 (J.L.))Research Fund from Suzhou University(KJS1962 (J.L.))a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)(2020R1C1C1011350)
文摘Exposure to radiation causes DNA damage;hence, continuous surveillance and timely DNA repair are important for genome stability. Epigenetic modifications alter the chromatin architecture, thereby affecting the efficiency of DNA repair. However, how epigenetic modifiers coordinate with the DNA repair machinery to modulate cellular radiosensitivity is relatively unknown. Here, we report that loss of the demethylase ribosomal oxygenase 1(RIOX1) restores cell proliferation and reduces cell death after exposure to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, RIOX1 depletion enhances homologous recombination(HR) repair but not nonhomologous endjoining(NHEJ) repair in irradiated bone marrow cells and oral mucosal epithelial cells. Mechanistic study demonstrates that RIOX1 removes monomethylation at K491 of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS) to release c GAS from its interaction with the methyl-lysine reader protein SAGA complex-associated factor 29(SGF29), which subsequently enables c GAS to interact with poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1) at DNA break sites, thereby blocking PARP1-mediated recruitment of Timeless. High expression of RIOX1 maintains c GAS K491 me at a low level, which impedes HR repair and reduces cellular tolerance to ionizing radiation. This study highlights a novel RIOX1-dependent mechanism involved in the non-immune function of c GAS that is essential for the regulation of ionizing radiation-elicited HR repair.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No. 20200201194JC)the Education Department of Jilin Province (No. JJKH20200735KJ)National Natural Science Youth Science Fund Project (No. 62005023)。
文摘The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method of laser shadowgraphy is used in the experiment.Experimental results show that when the pulse delay is 2.4 ms, the ms and ns laser energy density is 301 J cm^(-2) and 12 J cm^(-2), respectively, the velocity of shock wave is 1.09 times faster than that induced by single ns pulse laser. It is inferred that the shock wave propagates in the plasma is faster than that in air. When the ms and ns laser energy density is 414.58 and 24 J cm^(-2), the velocity of shock wave shows rising trend with pulse delay in a range of 1.4 ms>Δt> 0.8 ms. It is indicated that with the increase of ns laser energy, the laser energy absorbed by laser-supported absorption wave increases. The mechanism of inverse bremsstrahlung absorption acts with target surface absorption simultaneously during the ns laser irradiation. Thus, the phenomenon of the double shock wave is induced. The numerical results of the phenomenon were accordance with experiment. The results of this research can provide a reference for the field of laser propulsion.
文摘Melamine as an important chemical raw material and a harmful additive in foods has attracted many people’s attention. In the present paper, The graphite-epoxy composited solid phase electrode was modified with bismuth layer by cyclic voltammetric deposition of bismuth from Bi(NO3)3 aqueous solution including 0.10 M HNO3, and hydrolyzed into micro bismuthyl chloride on-sites. Melamine in fresh milk was extracted with solid phase micro-extraction on the bismuthyl chloride modified graphite-epoxy composited solid electrode. The adsorption of melamine on bismuthyl chloride particle surfaces follows a Freundlich adsorption model, and results in the decrease of the reduction peak current of bismuth in bismuthyl chloride, and determined by differential pulse voltammetry from fresh milk in a larger concentration range of 10–4 ? 10–12 M with detection limit of 2.5 ? 10–12 M and relative standard deviation of 2.7%. The method is sensitive, convenient and was applied in the detection of melamine in fresh milk with relative deviation of 4.2% in content of 0.45 mg/kg melamine in the fresh milk.
文摘Objective In this study,we aimed to determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of atezolizumab,identify ADR signals that are significantly related to atezolizumab,and provide a reference for the rational use of atezolizumab in the clinic through the statistical analysis of its adverse drug events(ADEs)reported in the American Food and Drug Administration(FDA)Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database.Methods In total,4796 cases of atezolizumab ADEs reported in the American FAERS database from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The top three ADEs were febrile neutropenia(3.7%),anemia(2.9%),and acute renal failure(2.3%).In addition,the incidence rates of some ADEs were significantly different according to sex and age.The systematic organ classification of atezolizumab ADEs involved 32 systems,among which the top three were blood and lymphatic system disorders(585 cases,12.2%),gastrointestinal disorders(433 cases,9.0%),and infections and infestations(401 cases,8.4%).The reporting odds ratio(ROR)method was used to detect the ADR signals of atezolizumab.The ROR(95%confidence interval)of the top ADE,febrile neutropenia,was 39.236(33.757–45.604).In addition,we found 121 cases of complications associated with immune-related ADEs.Conclusion The ADRs of atezolizumab reported in the FAERS database were consistent with those mentioned in the instructions for atezolizumab use,suggesting that atezolizumab has an acceptable and controllable drug effect.
基金funded by the National 13th Five-Year Plan for Major New Drug Development of China(No.2017ZX09302010)
文摘Background:Atopic dermatitis(AD)affects approximately 10%of adults worldwide.CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling.This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021.Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized(1:1:1)to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310,150 mg CM310,or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks,followed by an 8-week follow-up period.The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving≥75%improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI-75)score from baseline at week 16.Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.Results:At week 16,the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups(70%[28/40]for high-dose and 65%[26/40]for low-dose)than that in the placebo group(20%[8/40]).The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50%(high vs.placebo,95%CI 31%-69%)and 45%(low vs.placebo,95%CI 26%-64%),with both P values<0.0001.CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score,Investigator’s Global Assessment score,daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale,AD-affected body surface area,and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo.CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine,total immunoglobulin E,lactate dehydrogenase,and blood eosinophils.The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)was similar among all three groups,with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection,atopic dermatitis,hyperlipidemia,and hyperuricemia.No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310.Conclusion:CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04805411.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA16000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071588,81921006,82125011,92149301,92168201,92049116,32121001,82192863,91949209,92049304,82122024,82001477,31900523,81861168034,32000500,82271600,82201714)+10 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFC2000100,2020YFA0804000,2018YFA0107203,2020YFA0112200,2021YFF1201005,2021ZD0202401,2018YFC2000400,2020YFA0113400,2021YFE0111800,2022YFA1103700)the Program of the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z190019)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Nos.GJTD-2019-06,GJTD-2019-08)Beijing Medical Research(2021-8)the Pilot Project for Public Welfare Development and Reform of Beijing-affliated Medical Research Institutes(No.11000022T000000461062)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Nos.YESS20200012,YESS20210002)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-076,YSBR-012,YSBR-036)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Nos.E1CAZW0401,2020085,2022083)the Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.CAS-WX2022SDC-XK14,CASWX2021SF-0301,CAS-WX2021SF-0101)the Tencent Foundation(No.2021-1045),CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-12M-1-050)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712216).
文摘Age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a feature of sarcopenia,and increases the risk of many aging-related metabolic diseases.Here,we report phenotypic and single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses of non-human primate skeletal muscle aging.A higher transcriptional fluctuation was observed in myonuclei relative to other interstitial cell types,indicating a higher susceptibility of skeletal muscle fiber to aging.We found a downregulation of Foxo3 in aged primate skeletal muscle,and identi-fied FOxo3 as a hub transcription factor maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis.Through the establishment of a complementary experimental pipeline based on a human pluripotent stem cell-derived myotube model,we revealed that silence of Foxo3 accelerates human myotube senescence,whereas genetic activation of endogenous FOxO3 alleviates human myotube aging.Altogether,based on a combination of monkey skeletal muscle and human myotube aging research models,we unraveled the pivotal role of the FOxO3 in safeguarding primate skeletal muscle from aging,providing a comprehensive resource for the development of clinical diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions against human skeletal muscle aging and the onset of sarcopenia along with aging-relateddisorders.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073773,82104078)the Major International Joint Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.153631KYSB20190020)。
文摘Local delivery of nanomedicines holds therapeutic promise for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,it presents tremendous challenges due to the existence of multiple physiological barriers,especially intracellular obstacles,including intracellular trafficking,subcellular accumulation,and drug release.Herein,we report a multifunctional nanoparticle(CMSNR)by wrapping the mesoporous silica nanorod with cell membrane derived from CRC cells for improved chemotherapy.Compared with their naked counterparts,the cell membrane endowed CMSNR with homotypic targeting and improved cellular uptake capacities.Due to the rod-like shape,CMSNR achieved superior colorectal mucus permeability,enhanced tumor accumulation,and boosted cellular uptake than their spherical counterparts.Moreover,the internalized CMSNR underwent robust intracellular trafficking and gained augmented motility toward the nucleus,leading to efficient perinuclear accumulation and a subsequent 5.6-fold higher nuclear accumulation of loaded drug than that of nanospheres.In the orthotopic colorectal tumor-bearing nude mice,rectally administrated mefuparib hydrochloride(MPH)-loaded CMSNR traversed the colorectal mucus,penetrated the tumor tissue,and successfully aggregated in the perinuclear region of cancer cells,thus exhibiting significantly improved antitumor outcomes.Our findings highlight the shape-based design of cell membranecoated nanoparticles that can address sequential drug delivery barriers has a promising future in cancer nanomedicine.
基金supported by the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a major national science and technology infrastructurethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11922512).
文摘Purpose The physics design of the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)was finished after many times of iteration.Hereby,the typical equilibrium electron beam parameters corresponding to the proposed two baseline operation modes in the baseline design of HEPS are presented.Methods To compute the equilibrium parameters of the electron beam,the lattice parameters,RF parameters,and the parameters of the insertion devices(IDs)were determined first.Furthermore,it is more precise to use the full-current electron beam parameters in the estimations of the performance of the synchrotron light.Therefore,not only the single-particle dynamics but also the current-dependent collective effects need to be considered in the computations of the full-current,equilibrium parameters of the electron beam.Both analytic computations and multi-particle tracking simulations were carried out.Results The full-current,equilibrium parameters of the electron beams in the HEPS storage ring are presented in this paper.Moreover,the main beam parameters in the injector(the booster and the LINAC),corresponding to the two baseline operation modes of the storage ring,are also presented.Conclusion The typical electron beam parameters corresponding to the two baseline operation modes are given in detail in this paper.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2703902)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Nos.2020-I2MC&T-B-003,2021-I2M-1-018)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-PUMCH-B-099).
文摘Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has potential risks for both clinically worsening pulmonary hypertension(PH)and increasing mortality.However,the data regarding the protective role of vaccination in this population are still lacking.This study aimed to assess the safety of approved vaccination for patients with PH.Methods:In this national prospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with PH(World Health Organization[WHO]groups 1 and 4)were enrolled from October 2021 to April 2022.The primary outcome was the composite of PH-related major adverse events.We used an inverse probability weighting(IPW)approach to control for possible confounding factors in the baseline characteristics of patients.Results:In total,706 patients with PH participated in this study(mean age,40.3 years;mean duration after diagnosis of PH,8.2 years).All patients received standardized treatment for PH in accordance with guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PH in China.Among them,278 patients did not receive vaccination,whereas 428 patients completed the vaccination series.None of the participants were infected with COVID-19 during our study period.Overall,398 patients received inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine,whereas 30 received recombinant protein subunit vaccine.After adjusting for baseline covariates using the IPW approach,the odds of any adverse events due to PH in the vaccinated group did not statistically significantly increase(27/428[6.3%]vs.24/278[8.6%],odds ratio=0.72,P=0.302).Approximately half of the vaccinated patients reported at least one post-vaccination side effects,most of which were mild,including pain at the injection site(159/428,37.1%),fever(11/428,2.6%),and fatigue(26/428,6.1%).Conclusions:COVID-19 vaccination did not significantly augment the PH-related major adverse events for patients with WHO groups 1 and 4 PH,although there were some tolerable side effects.A large-scale randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm this finding.The final approval of the COVID-19 vaccination for patients with PH as a public health strategy is promising.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1001303)International Cooperation Project of China and Canada NSFC (81661128010)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471405, 81671456, 81671412)the National Key Basic Research Program (2013CB967404) the Doctoral Innovation Fund of School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (BXJ201640)
文摘As shown in our previous study, two alternatively spliced androgen receptor(AR) variants, which are exclusively expressed in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, exhibit retarded nuclear translocation compared with wild-type AR. However, researchers have not yet determined whether these abnormalities correlate with heat shock protein 90(HSP90)and importin α(the former is a generally accepted co-chaperone of AR, and the latter is a component of classical nuclear import complexes). Here, these two variants were mainly retained in cytoplasm with HSP90 and importin α in the presence of dihydrotestosterone(DHT), and their levels in nucleus were significantly reduced, according to the immunofluorescence staining. The binding affinity of two AR variants for importin α was consistently decreased, while it was increased in WT-AR following DHT stimulation, leading to reduced nuclear import, particularly for the insertion-AR(Ins-AR). However, the binding affinities of two AR variants for HSP90 were increased in the absence of DHT compared with WT-AR, which functioned to maintain spatial structural stability, particularly for the deletion-AR(Del-AR). Therefore, the retarded nuclear translocation of two AR variants is associated with HSP90 and importin α, and the abnormal binding affinities for them play critical roles in this process.
基金supported by the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)project,a major national science and technology infrastruc-ture projectthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants(11705214,11675174)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019016)
文摘Purpose The High Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is a synchrotron radiation source with an ultrahigh brightness and under construction in China.Its accelerator system is comprised of a 6-GeV storage ring,a full energy booster,a 500-meV Linac and three transport lines.With deepening investigations on the physics designs of the storage ring and the booster,the physics scheme of the Linac has evolved through multiple versions.Methods The final version of the Linac,including the electron gun,bunching system and main accelerator,has been deter-mined.The Linac is an s-band normal conducting electron linear accelerator with a very high bunch charge and a large bunch charge range.Results Based on simulations,the Linac could provide electron bunches with charge greater than 8.5-nC,meeting the energy spread and emittance requirements.Conclusions This paper first reviews the evolution and main considerations for different design versions and then describes the physics design and dynamic simulation results of the final scheme in detail.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.81773651,82025032,and 81803445,China)NN-CAS foundation,National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFE0201700,China)+1 种基金Major International Joint Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.153631KYSB20190020,China)。
文摘Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores.In this study,we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter(PCFT),which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats,mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles(FNP).Specifically,the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway,Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis,featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4%in the diabetic rats.Conversely,in cells with relatively low PCFT expression,the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP,and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes.Overall,we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway.This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.