Multiframe-integrated, in-sensor computing using persistent photoconductivity

The utilization of processing capabilities within the detector holds significant promise in addressing energy consumption and latency challenges. Especially in the context of dynamic motion recognition tasks, where substantial data transfers are necessitated by the generation of extensive information and the need for frame-by-frame analysis. Herein, we present a novel approach for dynamic motion recognition, leveraging a spatial-temporal in-sensor computing system rooted in multiframe integration by employing photodetector. Our approach introduced a retinomorphic MoS_(2) photodetector device for motion detection and analysis. The device enables the generation of informative final states, nonlinearly embedding both past and present frames. Subsequent multiply-accumulate (MAC) calculations are efficiently performed as the classifier. When evaluating our devices for target detection and direction classification, we achieved an impressive recognition accuracy of 93.5%. By eliminating the need for frame-by-frame analysis, our system not only achieves high precision but also facilitates energy-efficient in-sensor computing.

Development of a cell adhesion-based prognostic model for multiple myeloma:Insights into chemotherapy response and potential reversal of adhesion effects

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematologic malignancy notorious for its high relapse rate and development of drug resistance,in which cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance plays a critical role.This study integrated four RNA sequencing datasets(CoMMpass,GSE136337,GSE9782,and GSE2658)and focused on analyzing 1706 adhesionrelated genes.Rigorous univariate Cox regression analysis identified 18 key prognosis-related genes,including KIF14,TROAP,FLNA,MSN,LGALS1,PECAM1,and ALCAM,which demonstrated the strongest associations with poor overall survival(OS)in MM patients.To comprehensively evaluate the impact of cell adhesion on MM prognosis,an adhesion-related risk score(ARRS)model was constructed using Lasso Cox regression analysis.The ARRS model emerged as an independent prognostic factor for predicting OS.Furthermore,our findings revealed that a heightened cell adhesion effect correlated with tumor resistance to DNA-damaging drugs,protein kinase inhibitors,and drugs targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Nevertheless,we identified promising drug candidates,such as tirofiban,pirenzepine,erlotinib,and bosutinib,which exhibit potential in reversing this resistance.In vitro,experiments employing NCIH929,RPMI8226,and AMO1 cell lines confirmed that MM cell lines with high ARRS exhibited poor sensitivity to the aforementioned candidate drugs.By employing siRNA-mediated knockdown of the key ARRS model gene KIF14,we observed suppressed proliferation of NCIH929 cells,along with decreased adhesion to BMSCs and fibronectin.This study presents compelling evidence establishing cell adhesion as a significant prognostic factor in MM.Additionally,potential molecular mechanisms underlying adhesion-related resistance are proposed,along with viable strategies to overcome such resistance.These findings provide a solid scientific foundation for facilitating clinically stratified treatment of MM.

A comprehensive and systematic analysis of Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) as a novel prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer and glioma

Background:Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase(DLAT)is a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDC),a rate-limiting enzyme complex,that can participate in either glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA).However,the pathogenesis is not fully understood.We aimed to perform a more systematic and comprehensive analysis of DLAT in the occurrence and progression of tumors,and to investigate its function in patients’prognosis and immunotherapy.Methods:The differential expression,diagnosis,prognosis,genetic and epigenetic alterations,tumor microenvironment,stemness,immune infiltration cells,function enrichment,single-cell analysis,and drug response across cancers were conducted based on multiple computational tools.Additionally,we validated its carcinogenic effect and possible mechanism in glioma cells.Results:We exhibited that DLAT expression was increased in most tumors,especially in glioma,and affected the survival of tumor patients.DLAT was related to RNA modification genes,DNA methylation,immune infiltration,and immune infiltration cells,including CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,Tregs,and cancer-associatedfibroblasts.Single-cell analysis displayed that DLAT might regulate cancer by mediating angiogenesis,inflammation,and stemness.Enrichment analysis revealed that DLAT might take part in the cell cycle pathway.Increased expression of DLAT leads tumor cells to be more resistant to many kinds of compounds,including PI3Kβinhibitors,PKC inhibitors,HSP90 inhibitors,and MEK inhibitors.In addition,glioma cells with DLAT silence inhibited proliferation,migration,and invasion ability,and promoted cell apoptosis.Conclusion:We conducted a comprehensive analysis of DLAT in the occurrence and progression of tumors,and its possible functions and mechanisms.DLAT is a potential diagnostic,prognostic,and immunotherapeutic biomarker for cancer patients.

Improvement of Ga_(2)O_(3)vertical Schottky barrier diode by constructing NiO/Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction

The high critical electric field strength of Ga_(2)O_(3)enables higher operating voltages and reduced switching losses in power electronic devices.Suitable Schottky metals and epitaxial films are essential for further enhancing device performance.In this work,the fabrication of vertical Ga_(2)O_(3)barrier diodes with three different barrier metals was carried out on an n--Ga_(2)O_(3)homogeneous epitaxial film deposited on an n+-β-Ga_(2)O_(3)substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition,excluding the use of edge terminals.The ideal factor,barrier height,specific on-resistance,and breakdown voltage characteristics of all devices were investigated at room temperature.In addition,the vertical Ga_(2)O_(3)barrier diodes achieve a higher breakdown volt-age and exhibit a reverse leakage as low as 4.82×10^(-8)A/cm^(2)by constructing a NiO/Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction.Therefore,Ga_(2)O_(3)power detailed investigations into Schottky barrier metal and NiO/Ga_(2)O_(3)heterojunction of Ga_(2)O_(3)homogeneous epitaxial films are of great research potential in high-efficiency,high-power,and high-reliability applications.

MSCs-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles promote muscle regeneration by inducing Pannexin 1 channel-dependent creatine release by myoblasts

Severe muscle injury is hard to heal and always results in a poor prognosis.Recent studies found that extracellular vesicle-based therapy has promising prospects for regeneration medicine,however,whether extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects on severe muscle injury is still unknown.Herein,we extracted apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs-Apo EVs)to treat cardiotoxin induced tibialis anterior(TA)injury and found that MSCs-Apo EVs promoted muscles regeneration and increased the proportion of multinucleated cells.Besides that,we also found that apoptosis was synchronized during myoblasts fusion and MSCs-Apo EVs promoted the apoptosis ratio as well as the fusion index of myoblasts.Furthermore,we revealed that MSCs-Apo EVs increased the relative level of creatine during myoblasts fusion,which was released via activated Pannexin 1 channel.Moreover,we also found that activated Pannexin 1 channel was highly expressed on the membrane of myoblasts-derived Apo EVs(Myo-Apo EVs)instead of apoptotic myoblasts,and creatine was the pivotal metabolite involved in myoblasts fusion.Collectively,our findings firstly revealed that MSCs-Apo EVs can promote muscle regeneration and elucidated that the new function of Apo EVs as passing inter-cell messages through releasing metabolites from activated Pannexin 1 channel,which will provide new evidence for extracellular vesicles-based therapy as well as improving the understanding of new functions of extracellular vesicles.

Intellectual Property Protection and New Development Pattern Construction of Xinjiang Jujube

"Three new developments"is the guiding ideology of Chinese-style high-quality development in the new era.Jujube(Zizyphus jujube Mill.)is a plant of Zizyphus of Rhamnaceae,which originated in China and has been listed as one of the"five fruits"since ancient times.Xinjiang is the most important jujube producing area in China,and its yield has accounted for 50%of the national jujube yield.In the five prefectures and cities of southern Xinjiang,as well as the regimental farms of southern and eastern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,the jujube industry is an advantageous characteristic industry in agriculture.This paper studied Xinjiang jujube industry and its agricultural intellectual property resources,analyzed six major issues to be further implemented,such as the"three new developments"thinking and the strategy of building an intellectual property power,and puts forward eight strategies such as coordinating the two markets and two resources to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and dual circulation of jujube.

Intellectual Property Protection and High-quality Development of Grape Industrial Clusters in Xinjiang

This paper introduced the grape industry in Xinjiang and its agricultural intellectual property resources,and analyzed six major problems such as the ineffective leading role of intellectual property rights in high-quality development.Finally,it proposed eight strategies to build a national-level regional fine-grain breeding base for grapes and develop“agricultural chips”in the context of the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property and innovation-driven development strategy.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols in a Large-Scale Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Shanghai,China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by frequently mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has had a worldwide impact.However,detailed data on the potential aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in real-world and controlled laboratory settings remain sparse.During the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai,China in 2022,samples were collected in a Fangcang shelter hospital,a large-scale temporary hospital rapidly built by converting the existing National Exhibition and Convention Center(Shanghai)into a health care facility.Aerosol samples at different sites and intervals around patients and in public areas,surface samples,and pharyngeal swab samples from corresponding patients were included.Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays,followed by sequencing if the cycle threshold(Ct)value was<30.The positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol samples was high in contaminated zones(37.5%,104/277),especially around the bed(41.2%,68/165)and near ventilation inlets(45.2%,14/31).The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 around the bed,public areas,and air inlets of exhaust vents fluctuated and was closely related to the positivity rate among patients at corresponding sampling sites.Some surface samples of different personal protective equipment from medical staff had high positivity rates.Sixty sequences of joined ORF1ab and spike genes obtained from sixty samples represented two main clusters of Omicron SARS-CoV-2.There was consistency in virus sequences from the same patient and their environment,and the detected virus sequences matched those of virus strains in circulation during the collection periods,which indicated a high likelihood of cross-contamination in the Fangcang shelter hospital.In summary,the results provide a quantitative and real landscape of the aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and a patient-centered view of contamination in large and enclosed spaces and offer a useful guide for taking targeted measures to avoid nosocomial infections during the management of SARS-CoV-2 or other respiratory virus diseases in a Fangcang shelter hospital.

Assessing high-energy x-ray and proton irradiation effects on electrical properties of P-GaN and N-GaN thin films

The effects of ionizing and displacement irradiation of high-energy x-ray and 2-MeV proton on GaN thin films were investigated and compared in this study.The electrical properties of both P-GaN and N-GaN,separated from power devices,were gauged for fundamental analysis.It was found that the electrical properties of P-GaN were improved as a consequence of the disruption of the Mg-H bond induced by high-dose x-ray irradiation,as indicated by the Hall and circular transmission line model.Specifically,under a 100-Mrad(Si)x-ray dose,the specific contact resistance pc of P-GaN decreased by 30%,and the hole carrier concentration increased significantly.Additionally,the atom displacement damage effect of a 2-MeV proton of 1×10^(13)p/cm^(2)led to a significant degradation of the electrical properties of P-GaN,while those of N-GaN remained unchanged.P-GaN was found to be more sensitive to irradiation than N-GaN thin film.The effectiveness of x-ray irradiation in enhancing the electrical properties of P-GaN thin films was demonstrated in this study.

Intellectual Property Rights and Authentic Protection of Chinese Wolfberry in Xinjiang

This paper introduced the biological characteristics and medicinal value of medlar(Lycium chinense Miller).It studied Chinese wolfberry industry and its agricultural intellectual property resources in Xinjiang.In addition,it analyzed main problems such as the lag in the construction of authentic medicinal materials bases and insufficient deep processing of related products.Finally,it proposed eight recommendations including cultivating biological species with more medicinal value and creating an advantageous area of characteristic authentic medicinal materials.

Intellectual Property Protection and High-Quality Development of Xinjiang Melons under the Big Food Concept

The development of diversified foods such as melons under the big food concept can reduce the pressure on staple food grain.Xinjiang has the advantages of building a new development pattern of dual circulation of diversified food industry and establishing a national diversified food safety and high-quality assurance center.The construction of an agricultural power needs the strategic support of an intellectual property power.This paper introduced and studied Xinjiang s melon industry and its agricultural intellectual property resources,analyzed the six main problems,including many idle land resources have not been developed into melon fields and the role of melons in diversified food supply systems not well played.Finally,it proposed to vigorously develop diversified food industries such as melons in Xinjiang and establish an eight-point strategy such as national diversified food safety and high-quality assurance center.

Fabrication of High Toughness Silk Fibroin/Tungsten Disulfide Nanoparticles Hybrid Fiber and Self-Heating Textile by Wet Spinning|

Traditionally,silkworm silk has been used to make high-quality textiles.Nevertheless,various wastes from silk-worm silk textiles that are no longer used are increasing.which is also causing considerable waste and contam-ination.This issue is causing widespread concern in countries that use more silk.Regenerated silk fibroin(RSF)fibers have been shown to be fragile and tender,which prohibits RSF from being widely used as a structural com-ponent.Therefore,enriching the function of silk and enhancing the RSF mechanial properties are important directions to expand the comprehensive utilization of silk products.In the present research,wet spinning was used to create a series of RSF/tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))nanoparticles(NPs)hybrid fiber having distinct WS_(2) nanoparticles concentrations.It was discovered that the temperature of hybrid fibers containing 0.8 wt%RSF/WS_(2) nanoparticles might climb from 20.4℃ to 85.6℃in 1 min and 108.3℃ in 10 min after being exposed to simulated sunlight for a period of one minute and ten minutes.It also had certain antibacterial activity and thermal stability.Fabrics created by hand mixing had outst anding photothermal characteristics under natural sunlight.Further-more,adding WS_(2) nanoparticles might increase the tensile properties of hybrid fibers,which could be caused by the reality that the blending of WS_(2) nanoparticles inhibited the self-assembly of sheets in RSF reaction mixture in a dosage dependent way,as evidenced by the fact that RSF/WSz nanoparticles hybrid fibers had lesser β-sheets material,crystalline nature,and arystalline size.The above performance makes the RSF/WS_(2) nanoparticles hybrid fbers promising candidates for application in photothermal fabrics as well as military dothing.

Heat Transfer Characteristics and Pressure Drop in a Horizontal Circulating Fluidized Bed Evaporator

A vapor-liquid-solid horizontal circulating fluidized bed evaporation setup was constructed to study the thermal-exchange properties and pressure change.The influences of the operating variables,including the amount of added particles,heat flux,and circulating flow velocity,were systematically inspected using resistance temperature detectors and pressure sensors.The results showed that the heat transfer eff ect was improved with the increase in the amount of added particles,circulating flow velocity,and particle diameter,but decreased with increasing heat flux.The pressure drop fluctuated with the increase in operating parameters,except circulating flow velocity.The enhancing factor reached up to 71.5%.The enhancing fac-tor initially increased and then decreased with the increase in the amount of added particles and circulating flow velocity,fluctuated with increasing particle diameter,and decreased with increasing heat flux.Phase diagrams showing the variation ranges of the operation variables for the enhancing factor were constructed.

O-methyltransferase CbzMT catalyzes iterative 3,4-dimethylations for carbazomycin biosynthesis

Carbazomycins(1-8)are a subgroup of carbazole derivatives that contain oxygen at the C3 and C4 positions and an unusual asymmetric substitution pattern.Several of these compounds exhibit antifungal and antioxidant activities.To date,no systematic biosynthetic studies have been conducted on carbazomycins.In this study,carbazomycins A and B(1 and 2)were isolated from Streptomyces luteosporeus NRRL 2401 using a one-strain-many-compound(OSMAC)-guided natural product mining screen.A biosynthetic gene cluster(BGC)was iden-tified,and possible biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 were proposed.The in vivo genetic manipulation of the O-methyltransferase-encoding gene cbzMT proved indispensable for 1 and 2 biosynthesis.Size exclusion chro-matography indicated that CbzMT was active as a dimer.In vitro biochemical assays confirmed that CbzMT could repeatedly act on the hydroxyl groups at C3 and C4,producing monomethylated 2 and dimethylated 1.Monomethylated carbazomycin B(2)is not easily methylated;however,CbzMT seemingly prefers the dimethy-lation of the dihydroxyl substrate(12)to 1,even with a low conversion efficiency.These findings not only improve the understanding of carbazomycin biosynthesis but also expand the inventory of OMT-catalyzing it-erative methylations on different acceptor sites,paving the way for engineering biocatalysts to synthesize new active carbazomycin derivatives.

Graphene/MoS_(2-x)O_(x)/graphene photomemristor with tunable non-volatile responsivities for neuromorphic vision processing

Conventional artificial intelligence(Al)machine vision technology,based on the von Neumann architecture,uses separate sensing,computing,and storage units to process huge amounts of vision data generated in sensory terminals.The frequent movement of redundant data between sensors,processors and memory,however,results in high-power consumption and latency.A more efficient approach is to offload some of the memory and computational tasks to sensor elements that can perceive and process the optical signal simultaneously.Here,we proposed a non-volatile photomemristor,in which the reconfigurable responsivity can be modulated by the charge and/or photon flux through it and further stored in the device.The non-volatile photomemristor has a simple two-terminal architecture,in which photoexcited carriers and oxygen-related ions are coupled,leading to a displaced and pinched hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics.For the frst time,non-volatile photomemristors implement computationally complete logic with photoresponse-stateful operations,for which the same photomemristor serves as both a logic gate and memory,using photoresponse as a physical state variable instead of light,voltage and memresistance.The polarity reversal of photomemristors shows great potential for in-memory sensing and computing with feature extraction and image recognition for neuromorphic vision.

Unique regulation of TiO_(2)nanoporous topography on macrophage polarization via MSC-derived exosomes

The comprehensive recognition of communications between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(bm-MSCs)and macrophages in the peri-implant microenvironment is crucial for implantation prognosis.Our previous studies have clarified the indirect influence of Ti surface topography in the osteogenic differentiation of bm-MSCs through modulating macrophage polarization.However,cell communication is commutative and multi-directional.As the immune regulatory properties of MSCs have become increasingly prominent,whether bm-MSCs could also play an immunomodulatory role on macrophages under the influence of Ti surface topography is unclear.To further illuminate the communications between bm-MSCs and macrophages,the bm-MSCs inoculated on Ti with nanoporous topography were indirectly co-cultured with macrophages,and by blocking exosome secretion or extracting the purified exosomes to induce independently,we bidirectionally confirmed that under the influence of TiO_(2)nanoporous topography with 80-100 nm tube diameters,bm-MSCs can exert immunomodulatory effects through exosome-mediated paracrine actions and induce M1 polarization of macrophages,adversely affecting the osteogenic microenvironment around the implant.This finding provides a reference for the optimal design of the implant surface topography for inducing better bone regeneration.

High-Resolution Imaging of Latent Fingerprints through Near-Infrared Organoboron AIEgens

A new class of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent organoboron AIEgens was successfully developed for latent fingerprints(LFPs)imaging.They exhibit real-time and in situ high-resolution imaging performance at 1-3 levels of LFPs by spraying method.In addition,we systematically elucidate the fingerprint imaging mechanism of these AIEgens.Significantly,the excellent level 3 structural imaging capabilities enable the application of them for analyzing incomplete LFPs and identifying individuals in different scenarios.

Ni nanoparticles anchoring on vacuum treated Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x) MXene for enhanced hydrogen evolution activity

MXenes with metal nanoparticles(NPs)immobilized on their surface are greatly desired for high-performance electrocatalysts,while the homogeneous nucleation and growth of NPs are still challenging.Herein,a new method has been proposed for uniformly anchoring Ni NPs on the altered surficial MXene.The pre-vacuum treatment on Mo_(2)TiC_(2)T_(x)(oMX)not only removes the surficial terminal groups but also induces surface oxidation defects.Meanwhile,the nucleation and growth behaviors of Ni NPs on the oMX are altered in the hydrothermal reaction,which results in a grain-size reduction of more than 50%as well as homogeneous coverage.Eventually,the oxidized surface contributes a strong coupling between oMX and Ni NPs via Ni−O binging,which endows the Ni@oMX hybrid with the lowest overpotential and high durability over 75 h in 1 M KOH solution for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).

Lipid-Based Intelligent Vehicle Capabilitized with Physical and Physiological Activation

Intelligent drug delivery system based on “stimulus-response”mode emerging a promising perspective in next generation lipidbased nanoparticle.Here,we classify signal sources into physical and physiological stimulation according to their origin.

Blockade of Tim-3 Pathway Ameliorates Interferon-γ Production from Hepatic CD8^+ T Cells in a Mouse Model of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 （Tim-3） has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, whether Tim-3 is involved in hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection remains unknown. Here, we studied the expression and function of Tim-3 in a hydrodynamics-based mouse model of HBV infection. A significant increase of Tim-3 expression on hepatic T lymphocytes, especially on CD8^＋ T cells, was demonstrated in HBV model mice from day 7 to day 18. After Tim-3 knockdown by specific shRNAs, significantly increased IFN-γ production from hepatic CD8^＋ T cells in HBV model mice was observed. Very interestingly, we found Tim-3 expression on CD8^＋ T cells was higher in HBV model mice with higher serum anti-HBs production. Moreover, Tim-3 knockdown influenced anti-HBs production in vivo. Collectively, our data suggested that Tim-3 might act as a potent regulator of antiviral T-cell responses in HBV infection. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.