From charge storage mechanism to performance:A strategy toward boosted lithium/sodium storage through heterostructure optimization

Solving the problems of low electrical conductivity and poor cycling durability in transition metal oxidesbased anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)has already turned into an urgent requirement.In this paper,we successfully synthesized Co_(2)VO_(4)/Co compounds with Co-VMOF(metal-organic framework)as a sacrificial template and investigated their electrochemical mechanism in order to improve the electrochemical properties of LIBs and SIBs.The optimized heaping configuration and the existence of metallic Co catalyzed the formation of radical ions,thereby facilitating higher conductivity,shortening Li+and Na+transport paths,and providing more active sites.Co_(2)VO_(4)/Co constructed with 2-methylimidazole as a ligand showed a discharge capacity of 1605.1 mA h g^(-1)after 300 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)in LIB and 677.2 mA h g^(-1)in SIB.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation emphasizes the crucial role of Co_(2)VO_(4)/Co in enhancing electrode conductivity,decreasing the migratory energy barrier,and thereby strengthening electrochemical properties.This heterostructure building technique may pave the way for the development of high-performance LIBs and SIBs.Furthermore,the problem of the low first-loop coulombic efficiency faced by transition metal oxides is improved.

Controllable step-flow growth of GaN on patterned freestanding substrate

A new kind of step-flow growth mode is proposed,which adopts sidewall as step source on patterned GaN substrate.The terrace width of steps originated from the sidewall was found to change with the growth temperature and ammonia flux.The growth mechanism is explained and simulated based on step motion model.This work helps better understand the behaviors of step advancement and puts forward a method of precisely modulating atomic steps.

Recycled, Bio-Based, and Blended Composite Materials for 3D Printing Filament: Pros and Cons—A Review

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), known as “3D printing”, has experienced exceptional growth thanks to the development of mechatronics and materials science. Fused filament deposition (FDM) manufacturing is the most widely used technique in the field of AM, due to low operating and material costs. However, the materials commonly used for this technology are virgin thermoplastics. It is worth noting a considerable amount of waste exists due to failed print and disposable prototypes. In this regard, using green and sustainable materials is essential to limit the impact on the environment. The recycled, bio-based, and blended recycled materials are therefore a potential approach for 3D printing. In contrast, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of interlayer adhesion and the degradation of materials for FDM printing has posed a major challenge for these green materials. This paper provides an overview of the FDM technique and material requirements for 3D printing filaments. The main objective is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using recycled, bio-based, and blended materials based on thermoplastics for 3D printing filaments. In this work, solutions to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printing parts before, during, and after the printing process are pointed out. This paper provides an overview on choosing which materials and solutions depend on the specific application purposes. Moreover, research gaps and opportunities are mentioned in the discussion and conclusions sections of this study.

Preparation and properties of open-cell zinc foams as human bone substitute material

Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm)and porosity(55%-67%)show three stages:elastic stage,plastic stage,and densification stage.The compression strength increases with decreasing density.The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam.In addition,the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam.The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid.It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate.In addition,open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests,showing good bioactivity.Therefore,the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.

高温高湿环境下调亏灌溉对番茄叶片光合和衰老特性的影响

为了研究调亏灌溉对高温高湿环境下设施番茄光合及衰老特性的影响,以番茄品种合作903为试验材料,在夏季玻璃温室内进行了试验,试验期间温室内的平均气温为31.45℃,平均相对湿度为69.95%。试验以开花至结果期番茄的潜在蒸散量(ET_(0))为CK,设置了4个灌溉处理:100%ET_(0)、90%ET_(0)、75%ET_(0)和50%ET_(0),测定番茄叶片的光合特性和衰老特性。结果表明,与100%ET_(0)处理相比,90%ET_(0)处理番茄叶片最大净光合速率(Pm)、叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别显著升高70.64%、27.45%、49.25%,MDA含量显著降低15.97%,叶片衰老程度低,光合活性高,有利于番茄植株光合生产;50%ET_(0)处理番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光饱和点(LSP)分别降低了9.02%、25.44%,呼吸速率(Rd)和光补偿点(LCP)显著增高了36.69%、10.21%,叶片光合活性低。90%ET_(0)灌溉处理为夏季高温高湿环境下设施番茄的最佳灌溉量。

基于等效替代下滚动轴承滚子接触载荷算法研究

传统的计算滚子接触载荷与接触变形的方法计算量庞大,易出现系统崩溃的情况。采用等效替代的方法,建立了3种等效数学模型,运用牛顿迭代原理求解出滚子的变形量,进而求得不同滚子在3种数学模型下的接触变形与接触载荷,按照从小到大再到小的顺序进行数值排列,得到任意滚子在不同时刻的接触变形及接触载荷的变化范围。与传统计算方法相比,提出的新方法计算生成的程序迅速,不易出现系统崩溃的情况,且计算结果满足传统方法的数值。

Liquid–liquid extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using hydrophobic tri-n-octylamine/alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent

Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge.Among various downstream separation technologies,liquid-liquid extraction is a low-cost,effective,and simple process to separate LA.The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency,good hydrophobicity,and low cost.In this work,three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents(DESs)based on tri-n-octylamine(TOA)as hydrogen bond acceptor(HBA)and alcohols(butanol,2-octanol,and menthol)as hydrogen bond donors(HBDs)were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution.The molar ratios of HBD and HBA,extraction temperature,contact time,solution pH,and initial LA concentration,DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated.Compared with 2-octanol-TOA and menthol-TOA DES,the butanol-TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA,with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79±1.4%.Moreover,the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol-TOA(molar ratio=3:1).It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h.More importantly,the butanol-TOA(3:1)DES possesses good extraction abilities for low,medium,and high concentrations of LA.

Large area^(3)He tube array detector with modular design for multi‑physics instrument at CSNS

The multi-physics instrument(MPI)is the first user cooperative instrument at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS).It was designed to explore the structures of complex materials at multiple scales based on the neutron total scattering technique.This imposes the requirements for the detector,including a high detection efficiency to reduce the measurement time and a large solid angle coverage to cover a wide range of momentum transfers.To satisfy these demands,a large-area array of 3He-filled linear position-sensitive detectors(LPSDs)was constructed,each with a diameter of 1 inch and pressure of 20 atm.It uses an orbicular layout of the detector and an eight-pack module design for the arrangement of 3He LPSDs,covering a range of scattering angles from 3°to 170°with a total detector area of approximately 7 m2.The detector works in air,which is separated from the vacuum environment to facilitate installation and maintenance.The characteristics of the MPI detector were investigated through Monte Carlo(MC)simulations using Geant4 and experimental measurements.The results suggest that the detectors are highly efficient in the wavelength range of the MPI,and an efficiency over 25%is achievable for above 0.1 A neutrons.A minimal position resolution of 6.4 mm full width at half maximum(FWHM)along the tube length was achieved at a working voltage of 2200 V,and a deviation below 2 mm between the real and measured positions was attained in the beam experiment.The detector module exhibited good consistency and an excellent counting rate capacity of up to 80 kHz,which satisfied the requirements of experiments with a high event rate.Observations of its operation over the past year have shown that the detector works steadily in sample experiments,which allows the MPI to serve the user program successfully.

Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of promotion of SCAP proliferation upon AZD2858 treatment

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is the main target of tooth regeneration regulation.Treatment of cells with AZD2858 stimulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,yet the function of this pathway in tooth regeneration remains unclear.Here,we found that AZD2858 promotes the accumulation ofβ-catenin in the nuclei of stem cells from the apical papilla(SCAPs)and enhances cell proliferation.Single-cell sequencing was performed on SCAPs treated with AZD2858.Eight clusters were identified,namely SCAPs-CNTNAP2,SCAPs-DTL,SCAPs-MYH11,SCAPs-MKI67,SCAPs-CXCL8,SCAPs-TPM2,SCAPs-IFIT2 and SCAPs-NEK10.The pseudo-time trajectory analysis showed that AZD2858 enhanced the evolution of SCAPs from SCAPs-TMP2 clusters to SCAPs-MYH11,SCAPs-CNTNAPs and SCAPs-NEK10 clusters via up-regulation of PRKCA,SMURF2,MAGI2,RBMS3,EXT1,CAMK2D,PLCB4,and PLCB1.These results demonstrate that AZD2858 enhances the proliferation of SCAPs-TPM2 cluster by activating the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The role of periodontal disease in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and accounts for major morbidity and premature death worldwide.Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with the gradual destruction of supporting tissues around the teeth,including gingiva,periodontal ligament,alveolar bone,and cementum.Periodontitis has been found to potentially increase the risk of ASCVD.Generally,oral microorganisms and inflammation are the major factors for periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD.Recently,evidence has shown that the loss of masticatory function is another important factor of periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD.In this review,we illustrate the recent finding of the relationship between periodontitis and ASCVD,from a microscale perspective-oral microorganisms,inflammation,and tooth loss.With the high prevalence of periodontitis,it is important to add oral therapy as a regular ASCVD prevention strategy.Regular dental visits could be a helpful strategy for ASCVD patients or general medical practitioners.

Multi-Equipment Detection Method for Distribution Lines Based on Improved YOLOx-s

The YOLOx-s network does not sufficiently meet the accuracy demand of equipment detection in the autonomous inspection of distribution lines by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)due to the complex background of distribution lines,variable morphology of equipment,and large differences in equipment sizes.Therefore,aiming at the difficult detection of power equipment in UAV inspection images,we propose a multi-equipment detection method for inspection of distribution lines based on the YOLOx-s.Based on the YOLOx-s network,we make the following improvements:1)The Receptive Field Block(RFB)module is added after the shallow feature layer of the backbone network to expand the receptive field of the network.2)The Coordinate Attention(CA)module is added to obtain the spatial direction information of the targets and improve the accuracy of target localization.3)After the first fusion of features in the Path Aggregation Network(PANet),the Adaptively Spatial Feature Fusion(ASFF)module is added to achieve efficient re-fusion of multi-scale deep and shallow feature maps by assigning adaptive weight parameters to features at different scales.4)The loss function Binary Cross Entropy(BCE)Loss in YOLOx-s is replaced by Focal Loss to alleviate the difficulty of network convergence caused by the imbalance between positive and negative samples of small-sized targets.The experiments take a private dataset consisting of four types of power equipment:Transformers,Isolators,Drop Fuses,and Lightning Arrestors.On average,the mean Average Precision(mAP)of the proposed method can reach 93.64%,an increase of 3.27%.The experimental results show that the proposed method can better identify multiple types of power equipment of different scales at the same time,which helps to improve the intelligence of UAV autonomous inspection in distribution lines.

Hypoxic hepatitis in children after cardiac surgery

To the Editor: Hypoxic hepatitis(HH), also known as ischemic hepatitis or shock liver, is a liver injury characterized by necrosis of centrilobular hepatocytes with a rapid increase in serum aminotransferase levels. The incidence rate of HH among patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) was found to be 0.9%-11.9% [1]. Occurrence of HH appears to have a significant impact on the clinical outcome.

Characteristics of photosynthesis and vertical canopy architecture of citrus trees under two labor-saving cultivation modes using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based LiDAR data in citrus orchards

Analyzing and comparing the effects of labor-saving cultivation modes on photosynthesis,as well as studying their vertical canopy architecture,can improve the tree structure of high-quality and high-yield citrus and selection of labor-saving cultivation modes.The photosynthesis of 1080 leaves of two labor-saving cultivation modes(wide-row and narrow-plant mode and fenced mode)comparing with the traditional mode were measured,and nitrogen content of all leaves and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)were determined.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based light detection and ranging(LiDAR)data were used to assess the vertical architecture of three citrus cultivation modes.Results showed that for the wide-row and narrow-plant and traditional modes leaf photosynthetic CO_(2) assimilation rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of the upper layer were significantly higher than those of the middle layer,and values of the middle layer were markedly higher than those of the lower layer.In the fenced mode,a significant difference in photosynthetic factors between the upper and middle layers was not observed.A vertical canopy distribution had a more significant effect on PNUE in the traditional mode.Leaves in the fenced mode had distinct photosynthetic advantages and higher PNUE.UAV-based LiDAR data effectively revealed the differences in the vertical canopy architecture of citrus trees by enabling calculating the density and height percentile of the LiDAR point cloud.The point cloud densities of three cultivation modes were significantly different for all LiDAR density slices,especially at higher canopy heights.The labor-saving modes,particularly the fenced mode,had significantly higher height percentile data.

Lumbar spine localisation method based on feature fusion

To eliminate unnecessary background information,such as soft tissues in original CT images and the adverse impact of the similarity of adjacent spines on lumbar image segmentation and surgical path planning,a two‐stage approach for localising lumbar segments is proposed.First,based on the multi‐scale feature fusion technology,a non‐linear regression method is used to achieve accurate localisation of the overall spatial region of the lumbar spine,effectively eliminating useless background information,such as soft tissues.In the second stage,we directly realised the precise positioning of each segment in the lumbar spine space region based on the non‐linear regression method,thus effectively eliminating the interference caused by the adjacent spine.The 3D Intersection over Union(3D_IOU)is used as the main evaluation indicator for the positioning accuracy.On an open dataset,3D_IOU values of 0.8339�0.0990 and 0.8559�0.0332 in the first and second stages,respectively is achieved.In addition,the average time required for the proposed method in the two stages is 0.3274 and 0.2105 s respectively.Therefore,the proposed method performs very well in terms of both pre-cision and speed and can effectively improve the accuracy of lumbar image segmentation and the effect of surgical path planning.

葵青货柜码头海船进港规律统计分析

为了分析葵青货柜码头的船舶交通量,建立了葵青货柜码头海船进港规律统计模型.葵青货柜码头进港海船数量样本行为稳定性差,难以对样本直接使用分布函数拟合.为解决该问题,在数据预处理中使用K均值法对样本进行聚类,聚类所得簇的行为更稳定.用平均轮廓系数检验聚类效果,发现上述聚类效果均较好.分别用二项分布、泊松分布对聚类结果进行拟合,发现聚类为4个簇时聚类结果服从这两种分布,泊松分布的拟合效果要优于二项分布.建立的模型计算量小,易于应用.

Use of a 2-Dimensional Ionization Chamber Array to Measure Head Leakage of a Varian Truebeam^®Linear Accelerator

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of a two-dimensional (2D) planar ion chamber array to characterize leakage radiation from the head of the linear accelerator. Ion chamber arrays provide a benefit over a singular ion chamber measurement as they allow for the measurement of a larger area in order to isolate the point of maximum leakage dose and the small size of each individual ion chamber minimizes volume-averaging effects. A Varian Truebeam® undergoing acceptance testing was used for all measurements. The gantry was wrapped in Portal Pack for Localization (PPL) radiographic film in order to isolate the location of maximum leakage. A calibration curve was developed and used to determine dose-to-film. An Ion Chamber Profiler (IC Profiler™) manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation was used to confirm measurements by the PPL film. All measurements were normalized to leakage at 100 cm from the target relative to the central axis. Three points were investigated with the IC Profiler, including the top of the gantry, the Varian logo, and the side of the gantry. For the three locations, respectively, the PPL film and the IC profiler were measured 0.142% and 0.131%, 0.036% and 0.030%, and 0.014% and 0.019%. The good agreement between the PPL film and the IC Profiler provides confidence in the use of a more efficient and accurate ion chamber array for head leakage measurements.

高负荷轴流风扇中弯曲动叶的应用研究

本文采用弯曲叶片设计方法,对前期设计的大折转角高负荷轴流风扇的叶轮叶片进行根部正弯处理,弯角为30°。采用数值模拟方法,对比了直叶片和正弯叶片的叶轮流场,确定了弯叶片气动作用的有效性。结果表明设计工况下,利用径向叶片力,压制了由于旋转和叶栅高扩压度引起的轮毂分离流动。正弯动叶级效率提高了1.64%,静压升增大了10.74%。动叶吸力面根部分离区位置后移,强度减弱,静叶吸力面流动有明显改善,低速区均明显减小,通流能力增大,降低了叶栅内部流场中的能量损失。

一种机动无源光接入系统的应用研究

针对各种重大突发事件发生所导致信息实时传送阻断问题,研发了一种灵活应用的机动应急光接入系统,在硬件、软件及接口等技术基础上,进行了系统管理软件关键技术的设计,阐述了链路测试过程并进行了组网应用。测试结果表明:从源端到目的端的吞吐量为75.47Mb/s(TCP)和20.56Mb/s(UDP)。通过在不同地理位置,分别选择8km、13km和18km的传送距离进行语音、数据、图像及视频等多业务试用,信号传输正常、网络运行稳定。

高速线材Φ7.3 mm规格盘条的开发

针对市场对Φ7.3 mm规格免拉拔线材盘条的个性化需求,结合摩根五代高速线材轧机的特点,通过合理的孔型设计、导卫设计以及控制工艺的优化,实现了Φ7.3 mm规格高速线材免拉拔盘条的成功轧制,能够很好地满足用户使用需求,拓宽了摩根五代高速线材轧机产品大纲,为后续类似产品开发提供了参考。开拓了全新的市场,实现产业全流程的绿色生产。

CDDO-Me对三阴性乳腺癌细胞泛素特异性蛋白酶2a活性及细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的·在三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)细胞中研究筛选得到的泛素特异性蛋白酶2a(ubiquitin-specific protease 2a,USP2a)抑制剂甲基巴多索隆(bardoxolone methyl,CDDO-Me)对USP2a活性及细胞增殖的影响。方法·利用泛素特异性蛋白酶抑制剂筛选系统筛选得到USP2a抑制剂CDDO-Me,采用分子对接分析技术预测CDDO-Me与USP2a的结合情况,采用细胞热迁移实验(cellular thermal shift assay,CETSA)检测CDDO-Me与3种TNBC细胞株内USP2a蛋白的结合情况。通过Western blotting检测USP2a的底物β连环素(β-catenin)和肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6,TRAF6)蛋白水平以及凋亡相关蛋白胱天蛋白酶3(caspase3)和聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1[poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase1,PARP1]的变化。利用细胞活性检测试剂盒8(cell counting kit-8,CCK8)检测CDDO-Me对TNBC细胞增殖的影响。MDA-MB-468细胞瞬时转染pLVX(pLVX组)或pLVX-USP2a(pLVX-USP2a组)质粒,经CDDO-Me处理后,采用Western blotting检测β-catenin和TRAF6的蛋白水平,流式细胞术检测细胞周期以及台盼蓝拒染法检测活细胞数。结果·CDDO-Me在体外可以抑制USP2a活性,50%抑制浓度为3.84μmol/L。分子对接分析结果显示,CDDO-Me可以和USP2a的His456残基之间形成氢键,和Phe409、Tyr514残基之间具有疏水相互作用。CETSA实验结果显示,CDDO-Me能够和3种TNBC细胞中的USP2a蛋白结合。Western blotting结果显示,CDDO-Me可以下调USP2a底物β-catenin和TRAF6的蛋白水平,而相同浓度的CDDO-Me处理USP2a过表达的MDA-MB-468细胞,发现β-catenin和TRAF6蛋白水平未出现明显降低。CDDO-Me呈剂量依赖性抑制TNBC细胞的增殖,使细胞发生caspase3活化和PARP1的剪切并且导致细胞出现S期和G2/M期阻滞。与pLVX组相比,pLVX-USP2a组活细胞数目更多,细胞也未出现周期阻滞。结论·CDDO-Me可以抑制TNBC细胞中USP2a的活性,并且抑制TNBC细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡。