Minocycline in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Difficulty in obtaining tetracycline,increased adverse reactions,and relatively complicated medication methods have limited the clinical application of the classic bismuth quadruple therapy.Therefore,the search for new alternative drugs has become one of the research hotspots.In recent years,minocycline,as a semisynthetic tetracycline,has demonstrated good potential for eradicating Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,but the systematic evaluation of its role remains lacking.AIM To explore the efficacy,safety,and compliance of minocycline in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS We comprehensively retrieved the electronic databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,SinoMed,and Wanfang database as of October 30,2023,and finally included 22 research reports on H.pylori eradication with minocycline-containing regimens as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The eradication rates of H.pylori were calculated using a fixed or a random effect model,and the heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were measured.RESULTS The single-arm meta-analysis revealed that the minocycline-containing regimens achieved good overall H.pylori eradication rates,reaching 82.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):79.7%-85.1%]in the intention-to-treat analysis and 90.0%(95%CI:87.7%-92.4%)in the per-protocol analysis.The overall safety and compliance of the minocycline-containing regimens were good,demonstrating an overall incidence of adverse reactions of 36.5%(95%CI:31.5%-42.2%).Further by traditional meta-analysis,the results showed that the minocycline-containing regimens were not statistically different from other commonly used eradication regimens in eradication rate and incidence of adverse effects.Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and well-tolerated,and dizziness was relatively prominent in the minocycline-containing regimens(16%).CONCLUSION The minocycline-containing regimens demonstrated good efficacy,safety,and compliance in H.pylori eradication.Minocycline has good potential to replace tetracycline for eradicating H.pylori infection.

Host restriction factors for hepatitis C virus

Host-hepatitis C virus(HCV) interactions have both informed fundamental concepts of viral replication and pathogenesis and provided novel insights into host cell biology. These findings are illustrated by the recent discovery of host-encoded factors that restrict HCV infection. In this review, we briefly discuss these restriction factors in different steps of HCV infection. In each case, we discuss how these restriction factors were identified, the mechanisms by which they inhibit HCV infection and their potential contribution to viral pathogenesis.

Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Beijing: A prospective serial study

AIM:To determine the resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) strains isolated from patients in Beijing and monitor the change of antibiotic resistance over time.METHODS:In this prospective,serial and crosssectional study,H.pylori cultures were successfully obtained from 371 and 950 patients(never receiving eradication) during 2009-2010 and 2013-2014,respectively.Resistance to amoxicillin,clarithromycin,metronidazole,levofloxacin,tetracycline,and rifampicin was determined by Epsilometer test.RESULTS:The resistance rates of isolates obtained during 2009-2010 were 66.8%,39.9%,34.5%,15.4%,6.7%,and 4.9% to metronidazole,clarithromycin,levofloxacin,rifampicin,amoxicillin and tetracycline,respectively; and the corresponding rates for isolates during 2013-2014 were 63.4%,52.6%,54.8%,18.2%,4.4% and 7.3%,respectively.The resistance rates to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were significantly increased after four years.In 2009-2010,14.6% of H.pylori isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics,with mono(33.7%),double(28.3%),triple(16.7%),quadruple(6.2%),quintuple(0.3%) and sextuple resistance(0.3%) also being detected.In 2013-2014,9.4% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics,and mono(27.6%),double(28.4%),triple(24.9%),quadruple(7.3%),quintuple(2.3%) and sextuple resistance(0.1%) was also observed.More multiple resistant H.pylori isolates were found during 2013-2014.Gender(to levofloxacin and metronidazole),age(to levofloxacin) and endoscopic findings(to clarithromycin) were independent factors influencing antibiotic resistance.CONCLUSION:H.pylori resistance to commonly used antibiotics in Beijing is high with increased multiple antibiotic resistance.

Hybrid, sequential and concomitant therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To compare hybrid therapy(HT) with traditional sequential therapy(ST) and concomitant therapy(CT) for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication.METHODS: We performed an electronic search of Pub Med, Embase, and the CENTRAL database. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of HT were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori. The secondary outcomes included the compliance rate and adverse event rate. Effect estimates were pooled using the random-effects model.RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. Pooled results showed no significant differences in eradication rate between HT and ST in per-protocol(PP) analysis(RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.94-1.12, P = 0.59) or in intention-totreat(ITT) analysis(RR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.89-1.12, P = 0.94). HT and ST showed similarly high compliance rate(96% vs 98%, P = 0.55) and acceptable adverse event rate(30.3% vs 28.2%, P = 0.63). No significant results were seen in the eradication rate between HT and CT in PP analysis(RR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.96-1.05, P = 0.76) or in ITT analysis(RR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.95-1.03, P = 0.47). HT displayed a slightly higher compliance rate than CT(95.8% vs 93.2%, P < 0.05). The adverse event rates of HT and CT were similar(39.5% vs 44.2%, P = 0.24).CONCLUSION: Compared with ST or CT, HT yields a similar eradication rate, high compliance rate, and acceptable safety profiles.

Zebrafish imaging and two-photon fluorescence imaging using ZnSe quantum dots

This study is to report a ZnSe quantum dot with a large two-photon absorption cross section and good biocompatibility,which can be used in bioimaging.Fluorescence emission at 410 nm is observed in the quantum dot under 760-nm laser excitation.These biocompatible quantum dots exhibit a two-photon cross-section of 9.1×105 GM(1 GM=10-50 cm4·s/photon).Two-photon excited laser scanning microscopic images show that cells co-cultured with ZnSe quantum dots are found in the blue channel at a fluorescence intensity that is 14.5 times that of control cells not cocultured with quantum dots.After incubating zebrafish larvae with ZnSe quantum dots for 24 h,the fluorescence intensity of the yolk sac stimulated by ultraviolet light is 2.9 times that of the control group.The proposed material shows a great potential application in biological imaging.

Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection:incidence and influential factors

Background:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication has been widely used.The recurrence rate of H.pylori after eradication and its related factors are gaining more and more attention.Our study aimed to determine the recurrence rate of H.pylori infection after successful eradication,and analyze its influential factors.Methods:We prospectively studied 1050 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who were diagnosed as H.pylori infection by gastroscopy and underwent eradication therapies from April 2013 to January 2014.The 13C-urea breath test(UBT)or Warthin-Starry(WS)staining was done at 8 to 12 weeks after the therapy.Patients with successful eradication were followed by repeated UBT or gastroscopy at one year and 3 years after therapy,as well as,questionnaire surveys.Recurrence was considered if the UBTs or WS staining of biopsy were positive.One-year and 3-year recurrence rates were calculated,and analyzed the differences between recurred patients and others in basic data,socio logical characteristics,lifestyle.Results:A total of 743 patients finished the 1-year follow-up,and the 1-year recurrence rate was 1.75%.Of the 607 patients who finished the 3-year follow-up,28 patients recurred,and the 3-year recurrence rate was 4.61%.Analysis of variance showed that lowincome,poor hygiene condition of dining out place,and receiving invasive diagnoses or treatments were significant risk factors for H.pylori infection recurrence.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the combination of invasive diagnoses or treatments,the level of income,and the hygiene standard of dining out place were significant and independent influential factors of the recurrence of H.pylori.Conclusions:The 1-year and 3-year recurrence rates of H.pylori infection after eradication therapy are 1.75%and 4.61%.Lowincome,poor hygiene condition of dining out place,and a combination of invasive diagnoses or treatments are independent risk factors of H.pylori recurrence.

Effect of Heficobacter pylori Eradication on Reflux Esophagitis Therapy： A Multi-center Randomized Control Study

Background： Helicohacterpylori （H. pylori） frequently colonizes the stomach. Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a common and costly disease. But the relationship ofH. pylori and GERD is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect ofH. p.vlori and its eradication on reflux esophagitis therapy. Methods： Patients diagnosed with reflux esophagitis by endoscopy were enrolled; based on rapid urease test and Warth-Starry stain, they were divided into H. pylori positive and negative groups. H. pylori positive patients were randomly given H. pylori eradication treatment for 10 days, then esomeprazole 20 mg bid for 46 days. The other patients received esomeprazole 20 mg bid therapy for 8 weeks. After treatment, three patient groups were obtained： H. pylori positive eradicated, H. pylori positive uneradicated, and H. pylori negative. Before and after therapy, reflux symptoms were scored and compared. Healing rates were compared among groups. The x2 test and t-test were used, respectively, for enumeration and measurement data. Results： There were 176 H. pylori positive （with 92 eradication cases） and 180 negative cases. Healing rates in the H. pylori positive eradicated and H. pylori positive uneradicated groups reached 80.4% and 79.8% （P = 0.911）, with reflux symptom scores of 0.22 and 0.14 （P = 0.588）. Healing rates of esophagitis in the 14. pylori positive uneradicated and H. pylori negative groups were, respectively, 79.8% and 82.2% （P = 0.848）; reflux symptom scores were 0.14 and 0.21 （P = 0.546）. Conclusions： Based on esomeprazole therapy, H. pylori infection and eradication have no significant effect on reflux esophagitis therapy.

Hybrid Therapy Regimen for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication

Objective：Helicobacterpylori （H.pylori） eradication remains a challenge with increasing antibiotic resistance.Hybrid therapy has attracted widespread attention because of initial report with good efficacy and safety.However,many issues on hybrid therapy are still unclear such as the eradication efficacy,safety,compliance,influencing factors,correlation with antibiotic resistance,and comparison with other regimens.Therefore,a comprehensive review on the evidence of hybrid therapy for H.pylori infection was conducted.Data Sources：The data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English up to September 30,2015,searching by the terms of＆quot;Helicobacterpylori＆quot; or ＆quot;H.pylori＆quot;,and ＆quot;hybrid＆quot;.Study Selection：Clinical research articles were selected mainly according to their level of relevance to this topic.Results：Totally,1871 patients of 12 studies received hybrid therapy.The eradication rates were 77.6-97.4% in intention-to-treat and 82.6-99.1% in per-protocol analyses.Compliance was 93.3-100.0%,overall adverse effects rate was 14.5-67.5%,and discontinued medication rate due to adverse effects was 0-6.7%.H.pylori culture and sensitivity test were performed only in 13.3% patients.Pooled analysis showed that the eradication rates with dual clarithromycin and metronidazole susceptible,isolated metronidazole or clarithromycin resistance,and dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance were 98.5%,97.6%,92.9%,and 80.0%,respectively.Overall,the efficacy,compliance,and safety of hybrid therapy were similar with sequential or concomitant therapy.However,hybrid therapy might be superior to sequential therapy in Asians.Conclusions：Hybrid therapy showed wide differences in the efficacy but consistently good compliance and safety across different regions.Dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance were the key factor to efficacy.Hybrid therapy was similar to sequential or concomitant therapy in the efficacy,safety,and compliance.

Luminescence properties of Cd Te QDs embedded in Zn_5(CO_3)_2(OH)_6 matrix

CdTe@Zn5（CO3）2（OH）G composites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. CdTe@Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 composite nanospheres were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence （PL）. The hydrothermal reaction time and the mole ratios of Zn/Te played important roles in the growth and fluorescence intensity of CdTe@Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 composites. The composite powders showed peak PL at 578 nm at 1.6 times the intensity of powdered CdTe QDs. CdTe@Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 exhibited a strong yellow fluorescence emission, and its preparation method was easy and economical. Therefore, CdTe@Zn5（CO3）2（OH）6 offers potential applications in biological markers and light-emitting diodes.