一起输入性小鹅瘟疫情的紧急流行病学调查

2023年9月30日,云南省腾冲市某肉鹅养殖场购入的雏鹅发生疫情,表现精神萎靡、食欲不振、腹泻、流鼻涕,并大量死亡。为查明病因,开展了紧急流行病学调查。结果显示:雏鹅累计发病2 567只、死亡2 450只,袭击率为98.7%(2 567/2 600),病死率为95.4%(2 450/2 567)。综合流行病学调查结果、雏鹅临床症状、剖检变化和实验室检测结果,确诊本起疫情为鹅细小病毒感染引起的小鹅瘟。不规范引种、长途运输应激和育雏不当等是引起疫情的主要原因。本起疫情提示,养殖场应规范引种,加强饲养管理,相关部门需加大检疫监管力度,尽可能避免输入性疫情发生。

MicroRNA-451a is a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for major depressive disorder

Background Increasing evidence supports the role of microRNAs(miRNAs)in major depressive disorder(MDD),but the pathophysiological mechanism remains elusive.Aims To explore the mechanism of microRNA-451a(miR-451a)in the pathology and behaviours of depression.Methods Abnormal miRNAs such as miR-451a reported previously in the serum of patients with MDD were screened and then confirmed in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic restraint stress(CRS).Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice had miR-451a overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors encoding a pri-mmu-miR-451a-GFP fusion protein followed by behavioural and pathological analyses.Finally,molecular biological experiments were conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of miR-451a against depression.Results The serum levels of miRNA-451awere significantly lower in patients with MDD,with a negative correlation with the Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Additionally,a negative association between serum miR-451a and behavioural despair or anhedonia was observed in CRS mice.Notably,miR-451a expression was significantly downregulated in the mPFC of CRS-susceptible mice.Overexpressing miR-451a in the mPFC reversed the loss of dendritic spines and the depression-like phenotype of CRS mice.Mechanistically,miR-451a could inhibit CRS-induced corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 expression via targeting transcription factor 2,subsequently protecting dendritic spine plasticity.Conclusions Together,these results highlighted miR-451a as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for MDD.

激光表面熔凝对镍铝青铜组织演变和空蚀行为的影响

采用激光表面熔凝对镍铝青铜进行表面强化以提高其抗空蚀性能。通过XRD、SEM和TEM等手段对微观结构进行表征,并在超声空泡试验机上进行空泡测试。结果表明:采用功率为3 kW和扫描速度为10mm/s的激光参数时,耐蚀性和抗空蚀性能较铸态合金得到提高。熔凝处理过程中晶粒细化强化、位错强化和析出相强化的协同强化机制以及均匀组织消除选相腐蚀主导了熔凝后镍铝青铜的抗空蚀性能。

Acquired immunity and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive defects. The role of the central immune system dominated by microglia in the progression of AD has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the peripheral immune system in AD pathogenesis.Recently, with the discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic system, the roles of the acquired immunity in the maintenance of central homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted an increasing attention. The T cells not only regulate the function of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, but also participate in the clearance of β-amyloid(Aβ) plaques. Apart from producing antibodies to bind Aβ peptides, the B cells affect Aβ-related cascades via a variety of antibodyindependent mechanisms. This review systemically summarizes the recent progress in understanding pathophysiological roles of the T cells and B cells in AD.

氯铂酸铵酸洗除杂精炼铂

提出通过酸洗氯铂酸铵除杂精炼铂的方法。研究了酸种类、酸浓度、固液比、温度对酸洗除杂效率的影响,优选条件下90%以上的Na、Al、Fe、Si被去除,铂溶解率低于0.3%,酸洗氯铂酸铵制备的海绵铂除Sn外其余杂质含量达到SM-Pt 99.95标准。对酸洗过程Sn的行为研究结果表明,酸洗或煅烧氯铂酸铵都可以去除以(NH_(4))_(2) SnCl_(6)形式存在的Sn,实现相同的除Sn效果,但不能去除以SnO 2形式存在的Sn。

公共图书馆红色文献开发利用实践研究——以济南市图书馆为例

红色文献是传承弘扬革命精神,树立培育爱国情怀的重要载体,对研究红色文化和记录革命历史具有较大价值。济南市图书馆馆藏丰富,是济南地区红色文献最为集中的收藏机构,近年来通过设立红色专题书架,举办主题展览,推出“馆员荐书秀”,举行线下红色阅读推广活动,建设主题党史展馆等举措,在红色文献开发利用实践中积累了较为丰富的经验。通过济南市图书馆的实践,提出加强红色文献资源建设,建立地方特色红色文献资源数据库,打造红色文献阅读推广品牌等建议。

Exosomes: a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease?

Extracellular exosomes are formed inside the cytoplasm of cells in compartments known as multivesicular bodies. Thus, exosomes contain cytoplasmic content. Multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and release exosomes into the extracellular environment. Comprehensive research suggests that exosomes act as both inflammatory intermediaries and critical inducers of oxidative stress to drive progression of Alzheimer＇s disease. An important role of exosomes in Alzheimer＇s disease includes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid production, clearance, and accumulation. In addition, exosomes are involved in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which both act as triggers for beta-amyloid pathogenesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. Further, it has been shown that exosomes are strongly associated with beta-amyloid clearance. Thus, effective measures for regulating exosome metabolism may be novel drug targets for Alzheimer＇s disease.

Aquaporin 4 deficiency eliminates the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Our previous study showed that the protein aquaporin 4(AQP4),which is specifically expressed on the paravascular processes of astrocytes,is necessary for glymphatic clearance of extracellular amyloid beta(Aβ)from the brain,which can delay the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.However,it is not known whether AQP4-regulated glymphatic clearance of extracellular Aβis involved in beneficial effects of exercise in AD patients.Our results showed that after 2 months of voluntary wheel exercise,APP/PS1 mice that were 3 months old at the start of the intervention exhibited a decrease in Aβburden,glial activation,perivascular AQP4 mislocalization,impaired glymphatic transport,synapse protein loss,and learning and memory defects compared with mice not subjected to the exercise intervention.In contrast,APP/PS1 mice that were 7 months old at the start of the intervention exhibited impaired AQP4 polarity and reduced glymphatic clearance of extracellular Aβ,and the above-mentioned impairments were not alleviated after the 2-month exercise intervention.Compared with age-matched APP/PS1 mice,AQP4 knockout APP/PS1 mice had more serious defects in glymphatic function,Aβplaque deposition,and cognitive impairment,which could not be alleviated after the exercise intervention.These findings suggest that AQP4-dependent glymphatic transport is the neurobiological basis for the beneficial effects of voluntary exercises that protect against the onset of AD.

Resistive Switching Memory of TiO2 Nanowire Networks Grown on Ti Foil by a Single Hydrothermal Method

The resistive switching characteristics of TiO_2 nanowire networks directly grown on Ti foil by a single-step hydrothermal technique are discussed in this paper. The Ti foil serves as the supply of Ti atoms for growth of the TiO_2 nanowires, making the preparation straightforward. It also acts as a bottom electrode for the device. A top Al electrode was fabricated by e-beam evaporation process. The Al/TiO_2 nanowire networks/Ti device fabricated in this way displayed a highly repeatable and electroforming-free bipolar resistive behavior with retention for more than 10~4 s and an OFF/ON ratio of approximately 70. The switching mechanism of this Al/TiO_2 nanowire networks/Ti device is suggested to arise from the migration of oxygen vacancies under applied electric field. This provides a facile way to obtain metal oxide nanowire-based Re RAM device in the future.

Genetic Effects on Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Evidence-based Treatment for Sensorineural Hearing Loss

In this article,the mechanism of inheritance behind inherited hearing loss and genetic susceptibilityin noise-induced hearing loss are reviewed.Conventional treatments for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL),i.e.hearing aid and cochlear implant,are effective for some cases,but not without limitations.For example,they provide little benefit for patients of profound SNHL or neural hearing loss,especially when the hearing loss is in poor dynamic range and with low frequency resolution.We emphasize the most recent evidence-based treatment in this field,which includes gene therapy and allotransplantation of stem cells.Their promising results have shown that they might be options of treatment for profound SNHL and neural hearing loss.Although some treatments are still at the experimental stage,it is helpful to be aware of the novel therapies and endeavour to explore the feasibility of their clinical application.

RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF ERROR CONTROL CODES FOR FUTURE COMMUNICATION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

The outstanding performance of error control codes has attracted the interest of the information and communications theory community and industry partners for more than 20 years since Turbo codes were invented.In recent years,there are more and more scenarios in modern communication and digital storage systems,such as wireless communications,optical communications,fl ash memories,computer hard drives,sensor networks,

A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments,a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid,sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components.In this work,a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition(EPD).The opencircuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100μA when 6μL of water was applied.The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids.An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244,876,931,and 184μs,on exposure of the generator to 6μL of water,ethanol,acetone,and methanol,respectively.The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid.In addition,the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device.This compact,reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive,rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits,particularly those on printed circuit board.

How to Make Highly Rational Use of Modern Educational Technologies

Modern educational technology is playing a very important role in information engineering discipline in ordinary universities and colleges. The using of modern educational technology can be classified into instinctive stage and rational stage. In the instinctive stage, users have been aware of the importance of those modern assisted teaching methods and make full application already. In rational stage, the user should not only establish a best teaching environment by using all teaching methods, but also optimize the usage of these methods to get the most powerful effects in class based on specific educational goal. In this paper, how to make highly rational use of modern educational technologies in ordinary universities and colleges is the main topic we discussed. Authors investigate relative educational environment and consequences in their teaching experiences of many years, and conclude from those data by comparing, evaluating and analyzing relative situation.

Spin manipulation in semiconductor quantum dots qubit

Thirty years of effort in semiconductor quantum dots has resulted in significant developments in the control of spin quantum bits（qubits）. The natural two-energy level of spin states provides a path toward quantum information processing. In particular, the experimental implementation of spin control with high fidelity provides the possibility of realizing quantum computing. In this review, we will discuss the basic elements of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots and summarize some important experiments that have demonstrated the direct manipulation of spin states with an applied electric field and/or magnetic field. The results of recent experiments on spin qubits reveal a bright future for quantum information processing.

Charge noise acting on graphene double quantum dots in circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture

We investigate the dephasing mechanisms induced by the charge noise and microwave heating effect acting on a graphene double quantum dot （DQD） capacitively coupled to a microwave resonator. The charge noise is obtained from DC transport current, and its contribution to dephasing is simultaneously determined by the amplitude response of the microwave resonator. A lowfrequency 1/f-type noise is demonstrated to be the dominant factor of the dephasing of graphene DQD. Furthermore, when the applied microwave power is larger than -90 dBm, the dephasing rate of graphene DQD increases rapidly with the increase of microwave power, and fluctuates slightly with the applied microwave power smaller than -90 dBm. Our results can be applied to suppress the impeditive influence on the dephasing of graphene-based devices associated with microwave input in the perspective investigations.

Modeling the redshift and energy distributions of fast radio bursts

Abstract Fast radio bursts （FRBs） are one of the most mysterious astronomical phenomena nowadays. The identification of their origin requires more observations in the future and, importantly, deep un- derstandings of the existing observational data. By fitting the redshift and energy distributions of 15 Parkes FRBs, we try to derive their intrinsic energy function and the cosmic evolution of their burst rates. Specifically, while the energy function is assumed as usual to have a single-power-law form, the burst rates are considered to be proportional to the cosmic star formation rates by a redshift-dependent coefficient. Some plausible fittings are obtained, which indicate the power-law assumptions are feasible and effective. The values of the power-law indices could be used to independently constrain candidate FRB models, although parameter degeneracies still exist.

The Chinese Image on Twitter： An Empirical Study Based on Text Mining

The study use crawler to get 842,917 hot tweets written in English with keyword Chinese or China. Topic modeling and sentiment analysis are used to explore the tweets. Thirty topics are extracted. Overall, 33% of the tweets relate to politics, and 20% relate to economy, 21% relate to culture, and 26% relate to society. Regarding the polarity, 55% of the tweets are positive, 31% are negative and the other 14% are neutral. There are only 25.3% of the tweets with obvious sentiment, most of them are joy.

CpG Island Definition and Methylation Mapping of the T2T-YAO Genome

Precisely defining and mapping all cytosine(C)positions and their clusters,known as CpG islands(CGIs),as well as their methylation status,are pivotal for genome-wide epigenetic studies,especially when population-centric reference genomes are ready for timely application.Here,we first align the two high-quality reference genomes,T2T-YAO and T2T-CHM13,from different ethnic backgrounds in a base-by-base fashion and compute their genome-wide density-defined and position-defined CGIs.Second,by mapping some representative genome-wide methylation data from selected organs onto the two genomes,we find that there are about 4.7%–5.8%sequence divergency of variable categories depending on quality cutoffs.Genes among the divergent sequences are mostly associated with neurological functions.Moreover,CGIs associated with the divergent sequences are significantly different with respect to CpG density and observed CpG/expected CpG(O/E)ratio between the two genomes.Finally,we find that the T2T-YAO genome not only has a greater CpG coverage than that of the T2T-CHM13 genome when whole-genome bisulfite sequencing(WGBS)data from the European and American populations are mapped to each reference,but also shows more hyper-methylated CpG sites as compared to the T2T-CHM13 genome.Our study suggests that future genome-wide epigenetic studies of the Chinese populations rely on both acquisition of high-quality methylation data and subsequent precision CGI mapping based on the Chinese T2T reference.

Artificial cavernosa-like tissue based on multibubble Matrigel and a human corpus cavernous fibroblast scaffold

Ex vivo tissue culture of the human corpus cavernosum(cc)can be used to explore the tissue structural changes and complex signaling networks.At present,artificial Cc-like tissues based on acellular or three-dimensional(3D)-printed scaffolds are used to solve the scarcity of primary penis tissue samples.However,inconvenience and high costs limit the wide application of such methods.Here,we describe a simple,fast,and economical method of constructing artificial CC-like tissue.Human Cc fibroblasts(FBs),endothelial cells(ECs),and smooth muscle cells(SMCs)were expanded in vitro and mixed with Matrigel in specific proportions.A large number of bubbles were formed in the mixture by vortexing combined with pipette blowing,creating a porous,spongy,and spatial structure.The Cc FBs produced a variety of signaling factors,showed multidirectional differentiation potential,and grew in a 3D grid in Matrigel,which is necessary for CC-like tissue to maintain a porous structure as a cell scaffold.Within the C-like tissue,ECs covered the surface of the lumen,and SMCs were located inside the trabeculae,similar to the structure of the primary Cc.Various cell components remained stable for 3 days in vitro,but the EC content decreased on the 7th day.Wingless/integrated(WNT)signaling activation led to lumen atrophy and increased tissue fibrosis in CC-like tissue,inducing the same changes in characteristics as in the primary Cc.This study describes a preparation method for human artificial cC-like tissue that may provide an improved experimental platform for exploring the function and structure of the cC and conducting drug screening for erectile dysfunction therapy.

工业氯化铵替代试剂级氯化铵精炼铂

研究使用工业纯氯化铵替代试剂级氯化铵沉淀氯铂酸铵,获得SM-Pt99.95纯度的海绵铂产品。使用工业氯化铵分别对铂解吸液和含银铂溶液进行精炼,结果显示,在不改变工艺路线不增加精炼次数的前提下,经过2~3次反复沉淀氯铂酸铵精炼,得到合格海绵铂产品,与使用试剂级氯化铵相比,铂精炼试剂成本降低80%,获得较好经济效益。