The detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induces different damage effects on the vehicle and its occupants. There are local effects from fragments and projectiles but there are also global effects from a momen...The detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induces different damage effects on the vehicle and its occupants. There are local effects from fragments and projectiles but there are also global effects from a momentum transfer on the complete vehicle structure and a subsequent dynamical motion of the vehicle with phenomena like overturning or vehicle displacement from the road.Questions like this can be answered with numerical finite-element simulations but there is also the need for engineering tools that allow a quick and nearly instantaneous simulation of these phenomena. The following work presents an approach for a fast analysis of global IED effects on vehicles. The physical modelling is based on analytical formula and empirical data that describe the momentum transfer of a detonation on a nearby structure. This momentum is the initial condition for the calculation of the following vehicle motion and the simulation of vehicle dynamics and jump height.The software itself has a modern GUI that allows the generation of the vehicle structure and the threat scenario together with an interactive analysis of the simulation results.The engineering tool is validated with small size generic vehicle tests where jump height and the vehicle motion are compared. The software allows a detailed analysis of global IED effects and can be additionally used in an inverse mode for the analysis of incidents with the determination of used HE masses in an IED attack.展开更多
The emergence of improvised explosive devices (IED) significantly extended the spectrum of possiblethreat mechanisms to military vehicles and their occupants. Especially buried high explosive (HE)charges lead to new a...The emergence of improvised explosive devices (IED) significantly extended the spectrum of possiblethreat mechanisms to military vehicles and their occupants. Especially buried high explosive (HE)charges lead to new and originally not investigated loading conditions during their detonation. It is theinteraction of the embedding geomaterial with the detonation products that leads to a strongly increasedglobal impulse transfer on the vehicle with following high accelerations on the vehicle occupant. Thispaper presents a comprehensive approach for the analysis of occupant loading. In a first step, we presentthe so called ring technology which allows the experimental determination of the locally resolvedspecific impulse distribution on a vehicle floor due to buried charge detonation. A complementarymethod is the use of scaled model vehicles that allows the determination of global vehicle loading parameterssuch as jump height or vehicle accelerations. Both techniques were used to study the influenceof burial conditions as burial depth, embedding material or water content on the impulse transfer ontothe vehicle. These experimental data are used to validate material models for the embedding sand orgravel materials. This validated material description is the basis for numerical simulation models used inthe assessment of occupant safety. In the last step, we present a simulation model for a generic militaryvehicle including a Hybrid III occupant dummy that is used for the determination of biomechanicaloccupant exposure levels. Typical occupant loadings are evaluated and correlated with burial conditionsas HE mass and global momentum transfer.展开更多
Global effects caused by the detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induce subsequent severe acceleration effects on the vehicle occupants.Two concepts to minimize these global effects were developed,with the he...Global effects caused by the detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induce subsequent severe acceleration effects on the vehicle occupants.Two concepts to minimize these global effects were developed,with the help of a combined method based on a scaled experimental technology and numerical simulations.The first concept consists in the optimization of the vehicle shape to reduce the momentum transfer and thus the occupant loading.Three scaled V-shaped vehicles with different ground clearances were built and compared to a reference vehicle equipped with a flat floor.The second concept,called dynamic impulse compensation(DIC),is based on a momentum compensation technique.The principal possibility of this concept was demonstrated on a scaled vehicle.In addition,the numerical simulations have been performed with generic full size vehicles including dummy models,proving the capability of the DIC technology to reduce the occupant loading.展开更多
基金TRDir K. Hüsing from the German test range WTD-91 GF-440 in MeppenTRDir K. Neugebauer from BAAINBw for funding this work
文摘The detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induces different damage effects on the vehicle and its occupants. There are local effects from fragments and projectiles but there are also global effects from a momentum transfer on the complete vehicle structure and a subsequent dynamical motion of the vehicle with phenomena like overturning or vehicle displacement from the road.Questions like this can be answered with numerical finite-element simulations but there is also the need for engineering tools that allow a quick and nearly instantaneous simulation of these phenomena. The following work presents an approach for a fast analysis of global IED effects on vehicles. The physical modelling is based on analytical formula and empirical data that describe the momentum transfer of a detonation on a nearby structure. This momentum is the initial condition for the calculation of the following vehicle motion and the simulation of vehicle dynamics and jump height.The software itself has a modern GUI that allows the generation of the vehicle structure and the threat scenario together with an interactive analysis of the simulation results.The engineering tool is validated with small size generic vehicle tests where jump height and the vehicle motion are compared. The software allows a detailed analysis of global IED effects and can be additionally used in an inverse mode for the analysis of incidents with the determination of used HE masses in an IED attack.
基金the German test range WTD-91 GF-440 in Meppen for funding this work
文摘The emergence of improvised explosive devices (IED) significantly extended the spectrum of possiblethreat mechanisms to military vehicles and their occupants. Especially buried high explosive (HE)charges lead to new and originally not investigated loading conditions during their detonation. It is theinteraction of the embedding geomaterial with the detonation products that leads to a strongly increasedglobal impulse transfer on the vehicle with following high accelerations on the vehicle occupant. Thispaper presents a comprehensive approach for the analysis of occupant loading. In a first step, we presentthe so called ring technology which allows the experimental determination of the locally resolvedspecific impulse distribution on a vehicle floor due to buried charge detonation. A complementarymethod is the use of scaled model vehicles that allows the determination of global vehicle loading parameterssuch as jump height or vehicle accelerations. Both techniques were used to study the influenceof burial conditions as burial depth, embedding material or water content on the impulse transfer ontothe vehicle. These experimental data are used to validate material models for the embedding sand orgravel materials. This validated material description is the basis for numerical simulation models used inthe assessment of occupant safety. In the last step, we present a simulation model for a generic militaryvehicle including a Hybrid III occupant dummy that is used for the determination of biomechanicaloccupant exposure levels. Typical occupant loadings are evaluated and correlated with burial conditionsas HE mass and global momentum transfer.
基金Herr TRDir K.Husing from the German test range WTD-91 GF-440 in MeppenHerr TRDir K.Neugebauer from BAAINBw
文摘Global effects caused by the detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induce subsequent severe acceleration effects on the vehicle occupants.Two concepts to minimize these global effects were developed,with the help of a combined method based on a scaled experimental technology and numerical simulations.The first concept consists in the optimization of the vehicle shape to reduce the momentum transfer and thus the occupant loading.Three scaled V-shaped vehicles with different ground clearances were built and compared to a reference vehicle equipped with a flat floor.The second concept,called dynamic impulse compensation(DIC),is based on a momentum compensation technique.The principal possibility of this concept was demonstrated on a scaled vehicle.In addition,the numerical simulations have been performed with generic full size vehicles including dummy models,proving the capability of the DIC technology to reduce the occupant loading.
