Linear paired electrolysis of furfural to furoic acid at both anode and cathode in a multiple redox mediated system

Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.

Molecular Dynamics-Based Simulation of Polyethylene Pipe Degradation in High Temperature and High Pressure Conditions

High-density polyethylene(HDPE)pipes have gradually become the first choice for gas networks because of their excellent characteristics.As the use of pipes increases,there will unavoidably be a significant amount of waste generated when the pipes cease their operation life,which,if improperly handled,might result in major environmental contamination issues.In this study,the thermal degradation of polyethylene materials is simulated for different pressures(10,50,100,and 150 MPa)and temperatures(2300,2500,2700,and 2900 K)in the framework of Reactive Force Field(ReaxFF)molecular dynamics simulation.The main gas products,density,energy,and the mean square displacement with temperature and pressure are also calculated.The findings indicate that raising the temperature leads to an increase in the production of gas products,while changing the pressure has an impact on the direction in which the products are generated;the faster the temperature drops,the less dense the air;both temperature and pressure increase impact the system’s energy conversion or distribution mechanism,changing the system’s potential energy as well as its total energy;the rate at which molecules diffuse increases with temperature,and decreases with pressure.The results of this investigation provide a theoretical basis for the development of the pyrolytic treatment of polyethylene waste materials.

三级甲等医院护士叙事护理知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素分析

目的了解三级甲等医院护士叙事护理知识、态度和行为(知信行)现状,为相关地区叙事护理的开展提供依据。方法本研究采用便利抽样法,选取西安市3所三级甲等医院931名护士为调查对象。采用临床护士叙事护理知信行问卷、一般自我效能感量表对其进行横断面调查,使用多重线性回归分析探讨护士叙事护理知信行的影响因素。结果护士对叙事护理知识、态度、行为得分分别为(23.70±2.99)分、(31.69±5.92)分、(30.26±5.32)分;护理工作量、一般自我效能感、职称、护理满意度是护士叙事护理知识维度的影响因素(P<0.05),护理工作量、一般自我效能感、职称、月收入、护理满意度是护士叙事护理态度维度的影响因素(P<0.05),护理工作量、一般自我效能感、护理满意度、陪护经历是护士叙事护理行为维度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论三级甲等医院护士叙事护理知识掌握尚可、态度积极、行为执行欠佳。护理工作量大是目前叙事护理开展的主要障碍因素。护理管理者应积极构建多元化培训体系和保障制度,促进叙事护理在临床护理工作中的开展,进一步推动叙事护理理念发展。

Oreocharis xieyongii,an unusual new species of Gesneriaceae from western Hunan,China

A new species,Oreocharis xieyongii T.Deng,D.G.Zhang&H.Sun,from Hunan Province,central China,is described.The combination of purple zygomorphic corolla with longer adaxial lobes and exserted stamens defines the species and discriminates it from all other current Oreocharis species.Morphological traits of the new species were compared to those of two similar species,Oreocharis xiangguiensis and 0.rubrostriata.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species is nested within the Oreocharis.Although only half of Oreocharis species were included in our study,evolutionary character analysis indicates that the ancestral states of the genus are likely the purple corolla,longer abaxial lip and inserted stamens.The longer adaxial lip is perhaps an apomorphy and only present in O.xieyongii and O.rubrostriata.Both morphological and molecular evidence suggest that O.xieyongii is a taxon new to science.

2021年西藏阿里地区居民慢性病患病现状及影响因素分析

目的了解阿里地区居民慢性病患病现状及其影响因素,为当地慢性病防控提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法对阿里地区18岁以上常住居民进行慢性病患病情况和影响因素的调查。结果共纳入606名研究对象,慢性病患病率为39.93%,其中风湿性关节炎患病率最高,为14.03%。不同民族、年龄、教育程度、人员类别、职业、家庭生活水平、业余体育锻炼、燃料类型和自我健康评价间,居民慢性病现患率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示,50岁及以上居民患慢性病的风险是30岁以下居民的2.656倍(95%CI:1.439~4.901);小学及以下教育程度的居民患慢性病的风险是大学及以上居民的3.528倍(95%CI:1.519~8.197);家务人员可降低慢性病的患病风险(OR=0.365,95%CI:0.161~0.828);自我健康评价差者患慢性病的风险是自我健康评价好者的5.814倍(95%CI:3.243~10.423);近1年体质量增加2.5 kg以上可增加慢性病的患病风险(OR=2.029,95%CI:1.226~3.358)。结论阿里地区居民慢性病患病率较高,应重点关注健康评价差且有体质量增加倾向的老年人群。开展个性化的行为生活方式健康教育,有助于预防慢性病的发生。

Changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors in Songnen Plain, China

The Songnen Plain is a crucial agricultural area in China,and in the past 20 years,a large number of dry fields have been developed into paddy fields in order to improve land output efficiency.As a result,the effective irrigation area of agriculture has increased annually,and the conversion mode and quantity between surface water and groundwater have changed considerably.It is essential to identify the changes in groundwater resources and their influencing factors for the sustainable development of economy and society.This study evaluates groundwater resources in the Songnen Plain using the water balance method based on meteorological,hydrological and groundwater monitoring data from 2000 to 2020.The results 3 show that the groundwater resources in the region amount to 15.945 billion m with precipitation infiltration being the most important component,accounting for 73.09%,which is followed surface water irrigation infiltration and river and ditch infiltration,constituting 14.55%and 10.32%,respectively.Different factors influence groundwater resources in different periods.Compared to 1985,the increase of surface water irrigation infiltration is the primary factor responsible for the increase of groundwater resources,while other recharge sources have decreased during the same period.Compared to 2005,all groundwater resources have increased,with the increase of surface water irrigation infiltration and river channel infiltration being the primary factors.

Study of quantum well mixing induced by impurity-free vacancy in the primary epitaxial wafers of a 915 nm semiconductor laser

Output power and reliability are the most important characteristic parameters of semiconductor lasers.However,catas-trophic optical damage(COD),which usually occurs on the cavity surface,will seriously damage the further improvement of the output power and affect the reliability.To improve the anti-optical disaster ability of the cavity surface,a non-absorption window(NAW)is adopted for the 915 nm InGaAsP/GaAsP single-quantum well semiconductor laser using quantum well mix-ing(QWI)induced by impurity-free vacancy.Both the principle and the process of point defect diffusion are described in detail in this paper.We also studied the effects of annealing temperature,annealing time,and the thickness of SiO_(2) film on the quan-tum well mixing in a semiconductor laser with a primary epitaxial structure,which is distinct from the previous structures.We found that when compared with the complete epitaxial structure,the blue shift of the semiconductor laser with the primary epi-taxial structure is larger under the same conditions.To obtain the appropriate blue shift window,the primary epitaxial struc-ture can use a lower annealing temperature and shorter annealing time.In addition,the process is less expensive.We also pro-vide references for upcoming device fabrication.

单组分聚氨酯混合料可容留时间及指标分析

由于单组分聚氨酯混合料在运输过程中,其路用性能会受到环境温、湿度及运距时间的影响,从而减少了混合料的可容留时间,不便于施工,可通过研究可容留时间与相关性能指标之间的关系来解决这一问题。为准确了解单组分聚氨酯混合类实际应用过程中的可容留时间及指标,首先通过空隙率、马歇尔稳定度及飞散试验优选出聚氨酯混合料级配,利用飞散试验与析漏试验明确了最佳聚氨酯用量。接着根据确定的级配及最佳聚氨酯用量制成混合料,分别通过空隙率、马歇尔稳定度、高温车辙、低温抗裂、浸水马歇尔强度和冻融劈裂强度试验对不同运距时间,不同温、湿度环境下的混合料力学性能、水稳定性与温度稳定性进行了综合监测试验,研究其变化规律。最后基于该规律控制可容留时间,提出了可容留时间判断依据及指标并分析了温、湿度与其的关系。结果表明:单组分聚氨酯混合料随着温、湿度上升或运距时间延长造成力学性能、温度稳定性及水稳定性下降,说明该混合料施工以常温下现拌现铺最佳;混合料水稳定性弱且与可容留时间相关性高,水稳定性为可容留时间判断依据;空隙率与水稳定性相关性高,可用空隙率表征水稳定性并以此为容留指标;在试验环境中,每当环境温、湿度上升10℃/25%RH,可容留时间会缩短约0.5 h,容留指标(空隙率)应降低约1.3%。

倾覆桥梁相邻桥跨破坏机理分析

为准确了解倾覆桥梁对相邻桥跨造成的影响,为后期维修加固提供科学依据,论文通过对某匝道桥倾覆后相邻桥跨外观、专项检查,推测相邻桥跨受力破坏过程,并通过结构检算进行分析验证,为此类桥梁事故检测及分析提供参考。

影响植物根系加固路基边坡土体效果的试验研究

利用植物根系加固公路路基边坡土体是一种新型的路基防护加固形式,不仅有益于绿色环保和美化行车视觉,还可以提高公路路基边坡的稳定性。在路基边坡植物根系稳定土体中,根系的位置、长度以及路基边坡土的含石率均会对其固土效果产生影响,采用大型直剪试验仪对含有根系的土体进行剪切试验,通过调整根系与剪切方向的距离、根系材料的倾斜角度、土的含石率,研究根系对土体抗剪强度的影响及根系边坡土体的稳定性。结果表明,根系可大幅提高土的抗剪强度,同时随着土中含石率的增加,根系的改善作用更加明显。

支座刚度对桥梁抗倾覆性能影响研究

文章以联中独柱墩单支座桥梁为研究对象,分别建立不同参数的有限元模型,分析支座刚度差异对独柱墩桥梁抗倾覆的影响。研究结果表明,当独柱墩支座刚度不变时,桥台处支座刚度越大,桥梁抗倾覆系数随之变小;桥台与独柱墩支座刚度相同时,刚度越大,抗倾覆系数越低。

Revealing the crucial roles of suppressive immune microenvironment in cardiac myxoma progression

Cardiac myxoma is a commonly encountered tumor within the heart that has the potential to be life-threatening.However,the cellular composition of this condition is still not well understood.To fill this gap,we analyzed 75,641 cells from cardiac myxoma tissues based on single-cell sequencing.We defined a population of myxoma cells,which exhibited a resemblance to fibroblasts,yet they were distinguished by an increased expression of phosphodiesterases and genes associated with cell proliferation,differentiation,and adhesion.The clinical relevance of the cell populations indicated a higher proportion of myxoma cells and M2-like macrophage infiltration,along with their enhanced spatial interaction,were found to significantly contribute to the occurrence of embolism.The immune cells surrounding the myxoma exhibit inhibitory characteristics,with impaired function of T cells characterized by the expression of GZMK and TOX,along with a substantial infiltration of tumor-promoting macrophages expressed growth factors such as PDGFC.Furthermore,in vitro co-culture experiments showed that macrophages promoted the growth of myxoma cells significantly.In summary,this study presents a comprehensive single-cell atlas of cardiac myxoma,highlighting the heterogeneity of myxoma cells and their collaborative impact on immune cells.These findings shed light on the complex pathobiology of cardiac myxoma and present potential targets for intervention.

Effect of Styrene on the Properties of Transparent Flame Retardant Unsaturated Phosphate Copolymer

The effect of styrene on unsaturated phosphate ester polymers was investigated. Copolymerization was carried out by adding different proportions of styrene when the unsaturated phosphate was polymerized to obtain an unsaturated phosphate-styrene copolymer. The structure and crosslink density of the copolymer was determined by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and gel fraction (G) testing. The heat resistance and flame retardancy of the polymer were tested by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and micro-combustion calorimeter (MCC). The infrared test proved that the styrene was successfully introduced into the polymer system. The gelation test results showed that the introduction of the rigid benzene ring increased the crosslink density of the copolymer. The tensile strength increased from 17.84 MPa to 34.63 MPa, and the impact strength remained stable within a certain range. At the same time, the solid ultraviolet absorption test results showed that the light transmittance of the materials was higher than 90%. The TG and DTG spectra showed that the heat resistance of the polymer was improved, but the residual carbon ratio was reduced from 30.47% to 25.54%. The LOI value decreased from 29.0% to 26.1%, and the UL-94 vertical burn rating was all V-0.

基于深度学习的图像描述研究

卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Networks,CNN)和循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Networks,RNN)在图像分类、计算机视觉、自然语言处理、语音识别、机器翻译、语义分析等领域取得了迅速的发展,引起了研究者对计算机自动生成图像描述的广泛关注。目前图像描述存在的主要问题有输入文本数据稀疏、模型存在过拟合、模型损失函数震荡难以收敛等问题。文中使用NIC作为基线模型,针对数据稀疏问题,改变了基线模型中的文本one-hot表示,使用word2vec对文本进行映射,为了防止过拟合,在模型中加入了正则项和使用Dropout技术,并在词序记忆方面取得创新,引入联想记忆单元GRU,用于文本生成。在试验中使用Adam Optimizer优化器进行参数迭代更新。实验结果表明:改进后的模型参数减少且收敛速度大幅加快,损失函数曲线更加平滑,损失最大降至2.91,模型的准确率比NIC提高了接近15%。实验有效地验证了在模型当中使用word2vec对文本进行映射可明显缓解数据稀疏问题,加入正则项和使用Dropout技术可有效防止模型过拟合,引入联想记忆单元GRU能够大幅减少模型训练参数,加快算法收敛速度,进而提高整个模型的准确率。

鼻咽喉内镜检查对儿童上气道咳嗽综合征的病因分析及诊断价值

目的探讨鼻咽喉内镜检查对儿童上气道咳嗽综合征(UACS)的病因分析及诊断方面的应用价值。方法对该院2014年1月-2016年12月确诊为UACS的132例患儿经鼻咽喉内镜检查的结果进行分析研究。结果 132例患儿中发现有上气道病变因素者125例(94.70%)。其中,常见因素为鼻窦炎43例(32.58%),慢性鼻炎32例(24.24%),腺样体肥大13例(9.85%),慢性咽炎11例(8.33%),慢性扁桃体炎(扁桃体肥大)9例(6.82%)。在不同年龄段中,上气道病变因素分布有所不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻咽喉内镜检查在UACS病因分析及诊断中能够准确、及时发现上气道局部病变情况,为临床精准诊治提供良好帮助,是一种安全有效的检查方法,在临床上值得推广使用。

Highly reversible lead-carbon battery anode with lead grafting on thecarbon surface

A novel C/Pb composite has been successfully prepared by electmless plating to reduce the hydrogenevolution and achieve the high reversibility of the anode of lead-carbon battery （LCB）. The depositedlead on the surface of C/Pb composite was found to be uniform and adherent to carbon surface. Becauselead has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite, the embedded structure suppresses the hydrogenevolution of lead-carbon anode and strengthens the connection between carbon additive and sponge lead.Compared with the blank anode, the lead-carbon anode with C/Pb composite displays excellent charge-discharge reversibility, which is attributed to the good connection between carbon additives and leadthat has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite during the preparation process. The addition of CIPb composite maintains a solid anode structure with high specific surface area and power volume, andthereby, it plays a significant role in the highly reversible lead-carbon anode.

Novel insights into host-pathogen interactions of large yellow croakers(Larimichthys crocea)and pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas plecoglossicida using time-resolved dual RNA-seq of infected spleens

Host-pathogen interactions are highly complex,involving large dynamic changes in gene expression during infection. These interactions are fundamental to understanding anti-infection immunity of hosts, as well as the pathogenesis of pathogens. For bacterial pathogens interacting with animal hosts, timeresolved dual RNA-seq of infected tissue is difficult to perform due to low pathogen load in infected tissue. In this study, an acute infection model of Larimichthys crocea infected by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was established. The spleens of infected fish exhibited typical symptoms, with a maximum bacterial load at two days post-injection(dpi). Time-resolved dual RNA-seq of infected spleens was successfully applied to study hostpathogen interactions between L. crocea and P.plecoglossicida. The spleens of infected L. crocea were subjected to dual RNA-seq, and transcriptome data were compared with those of noninfected spleens or in vitro cultured bacteria. Results showed that pathogen-host interactions were highly dynamically regulated, with corresponding fluctuations in host and pathogen transcriptomes during infection. The expression levels of many immunogenes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor,Toll-like receptor signaling, and other immunerelated pathways were significantly up-regulated during the infection period. Furthermore, metabolic processes and the use of oxygen in L. crocea were strongly affected by P. plecoglossicida infection. The WGCNA results showed that the metabolic process was strongly related to the entire immune process.For P. plecoglossicida, the expression levels of motility-related genes and flagellum assemblyrelated genes were significantly up-regulated. The results of this study may help to elucidate the interactions between L. crocea and P.plecoglossicida.

A New Grasping Mode Based on a Sucked-type Underactuated Hand

Robot hands have been developing during the last few decades. There are many mechanical structures and analyti?cal methods for di erent hands. But many tough problems still limit robot hands to apply in homelike environment. The ability of grasping objects covering a large range of sizes and various shapes is fundamental for a home service robot to serve people better. In this paper, a new grasping mode based on a novel sucked?type underactuated(STU) hand is proposed. By combining the flexibility of soft material and the e ect of suction cups, the STU hand can grasp objects with a wide range of sizes, shapes and materials. Moreover, the new grasping mode is suitable for some situations where the force closure is failure. In this paper, we deduce the e ective range of sizes of objects which our hand using the new grasping mode can grasp. Thanks to the new grasping mode, the ratio of grasping size between the biggest object and the smallest is beyond 40, which makes it possible for our robot hand to grasp diverse objects in our daily life. For example, the STU hand can grasp a soccer(220 mm diameter, 420 g) and a fountain pen(9 mm diameter, 9 g). What’s more, we use the rigid body equilibrium conditions to analysis the force condition. Experiment evaluates the high load capacity, stability of the new grasping mode and displays the versatility of the STU hand. The STU hand has a wide range of applications especially in unstructured environment.

Contribution of mononuclear bone marrow cells to carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

AIM： To study the inhibitory effect of mononuclear bone marrow cell （BNC） transplantation on carbon tetrachloride （CCl4） -induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS： Rat liver fibrosis models were induced by CCl4 and alcohol administration. After 8 wk, twenty rats were randomly allocated into treatment group （n = 10） and control group （n = 10）. BMC were infused into the rats in treatment group via the portal vein, while heparinized saline was infused in control group. CCl4 was hypodermically injected into the rats twice a week for 4 wk. At the end of wk 12, all rats were humanely sacrificed. Uver samples were taken and stained with HE or Masson trichrome. The general conditions, liver fibrosis （hydroxyproline and collagen fibre） and liver pathological grades in rats were evaluated. RESULTS： The general conditions of the rats in treatment group improved markedly, but not in control group. Hydroxyproline was 504.6± 128.8 μg/g in treatment group, and 596.0 ± 341.8 μg/g in control group. The percentage of collagen fibre was 3.75% ± 0.98% in treatment group and 5.02% ± 0.44% in control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups （P 〈 0.05）. Liver pathological grade decreased from grade N to grade 11 partially in treatment group （P 〈 0.05） with no obvious improvement in control group （P 〉 0.05）. There was a significant difference between treatment group and control group （P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： Transplantation of BMC can improve liver fibrosis due to chronic liver injury in rats.

Piezoresistive design for electronic skin: from fundamental to emerging applications

There is growing recognition that the developments in piezoresistive devices from personal healthcare to artificial intelli-gence,will emerge as de novo translational success in electronic skin.Here,we review the updates with regard to piezoresistive sensors including basic fundamentals,design and fabrication,and device performance.We also discuss the prosperous advances in piezoresistive sensor application,which offer perspectives for future electronic skin.