BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 3(CSF3)and its receptor(CSF3R)are known to promote gastric cancer(GC)growth and metastasis.However,their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear.Our analysis indicate...BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 3(CSF3)and its receptor(CSF3R)are known to promote gastric cancer(GC)growth and metastasis.However,their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear.Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)in GC.We hypothesized that CSF3/CSF3R may regulate LILRB2 and its ligands,angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)and human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G),contributing to immunosuppression.AIM To investigate the relationship between CSF3/CSF3R and LILRB2,as well as its ligands ANGPTL2 and HLA-G,in GC.METHODS Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed,stratifying patients by CSF3R expression.Differentially expressed genes and immune checkpoints were evaluated.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed on GC tissues.Correlation analyses of CSF3R,LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and IHC results.GC cells were treated with CSF3,and expression levels of LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS Among 122 upregulated genes in high CSF3R expression groups,LILRB2 showed the most significant increase.IHC results indicated high expression of LILRB2(63.0%),ANGPTL2(56.5%),and HLA-G(73.9%)in GC tissues.Strong positive correlations existed between CSF3R and LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G mRNA levels(P<0.001).IHC confirmed positive correlations between CSF3R and LILRB2(P<0.001),and HLA-G(P=0.010),but not ANGPTL2(P>0.05).CSF3 increased LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G expression in GC cells.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 modulation significantly altered their expression,impacting CSF3’s regulatory effects.CONCLUSION The CSF3/CSF3R pathway may contribute to immunosuppression in GC by upregulating LILRB2 and its ligands,with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 playing a regulatory role.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC),a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy,represents challenging healthcare burdens globally,with a high incidence and mortality rate.Although endoscopy,combined with histological examination,...Gastric cancer(GC),a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy,represents challenging healthcare burdens globally,with a high incidence and mortality rate.Although endoscopy,combined with histological examination,is the gold stan-dard for GC diagnosis,its high cost,invasiveness,and specialized requirements hinder widespread use for screening.With the emergence of innovative techno-logies such as advanced imaging,liquid biopsy,and breath tests,the landscape of GC diagnosis is poised for radical transformation,becoming more accessible,less invasive,and more efficient.As the non-invasive diagnostic techniques continue to advance and undergo rigorous clinical validation,they hold the promise of sig-nificantly impacting patient outcomes,ultimately leading to better treatment results and improved quality of life for patients with GC.展开更多
Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in astrophysics.As one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle w...Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in astrophysics.As one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle was thought to be the source of the calcium observed in these oldest stars.However,according to the stellar modeling,a nearly tenfold increase in the thermonuclear rate ratio of the break-out ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction with respect to the competing ^(19)F(p,α)^(16) O back-processing reaction is required to reproduce the observed calcium abundance.We performed a direct measurement of this break-out reaction at the China Jinping underground laboratory.The measurement was performed down to the low-energy limit of E_(c.m.)=186 keV in the center-of-mass frame.The key resonance was observed at 225.2 keV for the first time.At a temperature of approximately 0.1 GK,this new resonance enhanced the thermonuclear ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne rate by up to a factor of≈7.4,compared with the previously recommended NACRE rate.This is of particular interest to the study of the evolution of the first stars and implies a stronger breakdown in their“warm”CNO cycle through the ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction than previously envisioned.This break-out resulted in the production of the calcium observed in the oldest stars,enhancing our understanding of the evolution of the first stars.展开更多
The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispers...The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispersed Nb N quantum dots anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods(NbN@NHCR)are elaborately developed as efficient Li PSs immobilizer and Li stabilizer for high-performance Li-S full batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the sulfiphilic and lithiophilic NbN@NHCR hybrid can not only efficiently immobilize the soluble Li PSs and facilitate diffusion-conversion kinetics for alleviating the shuttling effect,but also homogenize the distribution of Li+ions and regulate uniform Li deposition for suppressing Li-dendrite growth.As a result,the assembled Li-S full batteries(NbN@NHCR-S||Nb N@NHCR-Li)deliver excellent long-term cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.031%per cycle over 1000 cycles at high rate of 2 C.Even at a high S loading of 5.8 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.2μL mg^(-1),a large areal capacity of 6.2 mA h cm^(-2)can be achieved in Li-S pouch cell at 0.1 C.This study provides a new perspective via designing a dual-functional sulfiphilic and lithiophilic hybrid to address serious issues of the shuttle effect of S cathode and dendrite growth of Li anode.展开更多
What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate.Following the establishment of an empirical law kn...What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate.Following the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes'law,there is a growing consensus in the community that the Tc value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density(ρ_(s))of its ground state and the conductivity(σ)of its normal state.However,all the data supporting this empirical law(ρ_(s)=AσT_(c))have been obtained from the ambientpressure superconductors.In this study,we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ_(s) and σ with T_(c),through the studies on the Bi_(1.74)Pb_(0.38)Sr_(1.88)CuO_(6+δ)and Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ),in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity(ρ=1/σ)is achieved by adopting our newly established method,while the quantity ofρs is extracted using Homes'law.We highlight that the Tc values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field,i.e.,ρ_(s) and σ,respectively,implying that the physics determining T_(c) is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.展开更多
High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality c...High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality consistency,equipment miniaturization,and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend.Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor.Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor,the key parameters(liquid flow rate,explosive concentration and crystallization temperature)were screened and optimized through screening experiments.Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled,the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm,and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m^(2)·g^(-1)to 1.33 m^(2)·g^(-1).In addition,the preparation method has good batch stability,high yield(90.8%-92.6%)and high purity(99.0%-99.4%),indicating a high practical application potential.Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF,and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method.This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.展开更多
Selenocysteine methyltransferase(SMT)is a key enzyme involved in the Se metabolism pathway,and it is responsible for the catalysis of Se-methylselenocysteine(SeMSC)compound formation.Previous studies showed that selen...Selenocysteine methyltransferase(SMT)is a key enzyme involved in the Se metabolism pathway,and it is responsible for the catalysis of Se-methylselenocysteine(SeMSC)compound formation.Previous studies showed that selenium treatment activated SMT expression and promoted the accumulation of glucosinolates(GSLs)and sulforaphane,but the roles and functional mechanisms of SMT in mediating GSLs and sulforaphane synthesis remain unclear.In this study,we identified the BoSMT gene in broccoli and uncovered its roles in mediating GSLs biosynthesis.Transgenic assays revealed that BoSMT is involved in SeMSC biosynthesis in broccoli.More importantly,the contents of GSLs and sulforaphane were significantly increased in the BoSMT-overexpressing broccoli lines but decreased in the knockdown lines,suggesting that BoSMT played a positive role in regulating GSLs and sulforaphane synthesis.Further evidence indicated that BoSMT-mediated overaccumulation of GSLs and sulforaphane might be due to the increase in the endogenous SeMSC content.Compared with the mock(water)treatment,selenite-induced significantly increases of the SeMSC content in the BoSMT-knockdown plants partially compensated the phenotype of GSLs and sulforaphane loss.Compared with the mock treatment,exogenous SeMSC treatment significantly increased the contents of GSL and sulforaphane and activated GSL synthesis-related gene expression,suggesting that SeMSC acted as a positive regulator for GSL and sulforaphane production.Our findings provided novel insights into selenium-mediated GSLs and sulforaphane accumulation.The genetic manipulation of BoSMT might be a useful strategy for improving the dietary nutritional values of broccoli.展开更多
Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health benefits.As reported,germination can improve the nu...Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health benefits.As reported,germination can improve the nutritional profile of grains.In this study,we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds(TB)and Tartary buckwheat sprouts(TBS)used as high active ingredients.After evaluating nutrition levels,bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating,5^(th)-day TBS were selected as the raw material.C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water,TB,or TBS for 6 weeks.The physiological indices related to ANFs were determined.Results showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota,and organs.Additionally,upon TB intake,the Fe^(3+)content in serum,trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased,while the cytokine,IgE,and histamine levels in serum,water content in faeces,cytokine levels in liver and jejunum increased.Conversely,TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering effect.Altogether,TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.展开更多
Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the mo...Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the molecular mechanisms through which MY regulates sulforaphane biosynthesis in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the change of sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts caused by exogenous selenite treatments is positively related to BoMY expression. BoMY overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 mutants could dramatically increase myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content in the rosette leaves of 35S::BoMY/tgg1 and rescue its phenotypes.Moreover, an obvious increase of myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content was displayed in transgenic BoMY-overexpressed broccoli lines.In addition, a 2 033 bp promoter fragment of BoMY was isolated. Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H) library screening experiment uncovered that one bHLH transcription factor, BoFAMA, could directly bind to BoMY promoter to activate its expression, which was further evidenced by Y1H assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. BoFAMA is a selenite-responsive transcription factor that is highly expressed in broccoli leaves;its protein is solely localized to nucleus. Additionally, genetic evidence suggested that the knockdown of FAMA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly decrease sulforaphane yield by inhibiting the expression of myrosinase genes. Interestingly, exogenous selenite supply could partially restore the low level of sulforaphane content in transgenic Arabidopsis FAMA-silencing plants. Our findings uncover a novel function of FAMAMY module in the regulation of selenite-mediated sulforaphane synthesis and provide a new insights into the molecular mechanism by which selenite regulates the accumulation of sulforaphane in plants.展开更多
The stability of superconductivity in superconductors is widely recognized to be determined by various factors,including charge,spin,orbit,lattice,and other related degrees of freedom.Here,we report our findings on th...The stability of superconductivity in superconductors is widely recognized to be determined by various factors,including charge,spin,orbit,lattice,and other related degrees of freedom.Here,we report our findings on the pressure-induced coevolution of superconductivity and Hall coefficient in KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(24F_(2),an iron-based superconductor possessing a hybrid crystal structure combining KFe_(2)As_(2) and CaFeAsF.Our investigation,involving high-pressure resistance,Hall effect and x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements,allows us to observe the connection of the superconductivity and Hall coefficient with the anisotropic lattice shrinkage.We find that its ambient-pressure tetragonal(T) phase presents a collapse starting at around 18 GPa,where the sign of the Hall coefficient(R_(H)) changes from positive to negative.Upon further compression,both superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) and R_(H) exhibit a monotonous decrease.At around 41 GPa,the superconductivity is completely suppressed(T_(c)=0),where the parameter a begins to decline again and the Hall coefficient remains nearly unchanged.Our experiment results clearly demonstrate that the pressure-induced anisotropic lattice collapse plays a crucial role in tuning the interplay among multiple degrees of freedom in the superconducting system and,correspondingly,the stability of the superconductivity.展开更多
The measurement of resistivity in a compressed material within a diamond anvil cell presents significant challenges.The high-pressure exper-imental setup makes it difficult to directly measure the size changes induced...The measurement of resistivity in a compressed material within a diamond anvil cell presents significant challenges.The high-pressure exper-imental setup makes it difficult to directly measure the size changes induced by pressure in the three crystallographic directions of the sample.In this study,we introduce a novel and effective method that addresses these technical challenges.This method is anticipated to offer a valuable foundation for high-pressure investigations on quantum materials,particularly those with anisotropic layered structures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)women require prenatal care to minimize short-and long-term complications.The mechanism by which exercise during pregnancy affects organ development and whether glucose tra...BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)women require prenatal care to minimize short-and long-term complications.The mechanism by which exercise during pregnancy affects organ development and whether glucose transporter(GLUT)1 plays a role in GDM offspring organ development remains unknown.AIM To determine the effect of exercise during pregnancy on the cardiac,hepatic and renal development of GDM mother’s offspring.METHODS Placenta samples were collected from humans and mice.GDM mouse models were created using streptozotocin along with a GDM with exercise group.The hearts,livers and kidneys of 3-and 8-week-old offspring were collected for body composition analysis and staining.The effects of high glucose levels and hypoxia were investigated using HTR8/SVneo.Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to assess cell migration.Immunofluorescence accompanied with TUNEL and Ki67 staining was used to explore apoptosis and proliferation.RESULTS Exercise during pregnancy downregulated the GLUT1 and hypoxia inducible factor-1αexpression in placenta from individuals with GDM.Cobalt chloride induced hypoxia and high glucose levels also significantly decreased migration and apoptosis of HTR8/SVneo cells.In addition,exercise reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and decreased the tubular vacuolar area in the kidneys of offspring.CONCLUSION GDM affects the growth and development of organs in offspring.Exercise during pregnancy can reverse adverse effects of GDM on the development of the heart,liver,and kidney in offspring.展开更多
BACKGROUND Low grade serous carcinoma of the ovary(LGSOC)is a rare type of epithelial ovarian cancer with a low incidence rate.The origin of ovarian cancer has always been a hot topic in gynecological oncology researc...BACKGROUND Low grade serous carcinoma of the ovary(LGSOC)is a rare type of epithelial ovarian cancer with a low incidence rate.The origin of ovarian cancer has always been a hot topic in gynecological oncology research,and some scholars believe that the origin of ovarian malignant tumors is the fallopian tubes.Primary fallopian tube cancer is the lowest incidence of malignant tumors in the female reproductive system.There are only a few reports in the literature,but the mortality rate is very high.But in clinical practice,fallopian tube cancer is very common,but in most cases,it is classified as ovarian cancer.CASE SUMMARY We report a 54 years old postmenopausal woman who was hospitalized with a lower abdominal mass and underwent surgical treatment.The final pathological confirmation was low-grade serous carcinoma of the right ovary and low-grade serous carcinoma of the left fallopian tube.No special treatment was performed after the surgery,and the patient was instructed to undergo regular follow-up without any signs of disease progression.CONCLUSION The prognosis of LGSOC is relatively good,over 80%of patients still experience disease recurrence.展开更多
We propose a joint look-up-table(LUT)-based nonlinear predistortion and digital resolution enhancement scheme to achieve high-speed and low-cost optical interconnects using low-resolution digital-to-analog converters(...We propose a joint look-up-table(LUT)-based nonlinear predistortion and digital resolution enhancement scheme to achieve high-speed and low-cost optical interconnects using low-resolution digital-to-analog converters(DACs).The LUT-based predistortion is employed to mitigate the patterndependent effect(PDE)of a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA),while the digital resolution enhancer(DRE)is utilized to shape the quantization noise,lowering the requirement for the resolution of DAC.We experimentally demonstrate O-band intensity modulation and direct detection(IM/DD)transmission of 124-GBd 4∕6-level pulse-amplitude modulation ePAMT-4∕6 and 112-GBd PAM-8 signals over a 2-km standard single-mode fiber(SSMF)with 3∕3.5∕4-bit DACs.In the case of 40-km SSMF transmission with an SOAbased preamplifier,124-GBd on-off-keying(OOK)/PAM-3/PAM-4 signals are successfully transmitted with 1.5∕2∕3-bit DACs.To the best of our knowledge,we have achieved the highest net data rates of 235.3-Gb∕s PAM-4,289.7-Gb∕s PAM-6,and 294.7 Gb∕s PAM-8 signals over 2-km SSMF,as well as 117.6-Gb∕s OOK,173.8-Gb∕s PAM-3,and−231.8 Gb∕s PAM-4 signals over 40-km SSMF,employing low-resolution DACs.The experimental results reveal that the joint LUT-based predistortion and DRE effectively mitigate the PDE and improve the signal-to-quantization noise ratio by shaping the noise.The proposed scheme can provide a powerful solution for low-cost IM/DD optical interconnects beyond 200 Gb∕s.展开更多
基金Supported by Hebei Province Medical Science Research Project Plan,No.20230755.
文摘BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 3(CSF3)and its receptor(CSF3R)are known to promote gastric cancer(GC)growth and metastasis.However,their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear.Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)in GC.We hypothesized that CSF3/CSF3R may regulate LILRB2 and its ligands,angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)and human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G),contributing to immunosuppression.AIM To investigate the relationship between CSF3/CSF3R and LILRB2,as well as its ligands ANGPTL2 and HLA-G,in GC.METHODS Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed,stratifying patients by CSF3R expression.Differentially expressed genes and immune checkpoints were evaluated.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed on GC tissues.Correlation analyses of CSF3R,LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and IHC results.GC cells were treated with CSF3,and expression levels of LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.RESULTS Among 122 upregulated genes in high CSF3R expression groups,LILRB2 showed the most significant increase.IHC results indicated high expression of LILRB2(63.0%),ANGPTL2(56.5%),and HLA-G(73.9%)in GC tissues.Strong positive correlations existed between CSF3R and LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G mRNA levels(P<0.001).IHC confirmed positive correlations between CSF3R and LILRB2(P<0.001),and HLA-G(P=0.010),but not ANGPTL2(P>0.05).CSF3 increased LILRB2,ANGPTL2,and HLA-G expression in GC cells.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 modulation significantly altered their expression,impacting CSF3’s regulatory effects.CONCLUSION The CSF3/CSF3R pathway may contribute to immunosuppression in GC by upregulating LILRB2 and its ligands,with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 playing a regulatory role.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300451Research Foundation of Wuhan Union Hospital,No.2022xhyn050.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC),a multifaceted and highly aggressive malignancy,represents challenging healthcare burdens globally,with a high incidence and mortality rate.Although endoscopy,combined with histological examination,is the gold stan-dard for GC diagnosis,its high cost,invasiveness,and specialized requirements hinder widespread use for screening.With the emergence of innovative techno-logies such as advanced imaging,liquid biopsy,and breath tests,the landscape of GC diagnosis is poised for radical transformation,becoming more accessible,less invasive,and more efficient.As the non-invasive diagnostic techniques continue to advance and undergo rigorous clinical validation,they hold the promise of sig-nificantly impacting patient outcomes,ultimately leading to better treatment results and improved quality of life for patients with GC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075027,1232509,11961141004,and 12175152)the National Science Foundation(Nos.Phys-2011890 and Phy-1430152)。
文摘Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in astrophysics.As one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle was thought to be the source of the calcium observed in these oldest stars.However,according to the stellar modeling,a nearly tenfold increase in the thermonuclear rate ratio of the break-out ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction with respect to the competing ^(19)F(p,α)^(16) O back-processing reaction is required to reproduce the observed calcium abundance.We performed a direct measurement of this break-out reaction at the China Jinping underground laboratory.The measurement was performed down to the low-energy limit of E_(c.m.)=186 keV in the center-of-mass frame.The key resonance was observed at 225.2 keV for the first time.At a temperature of approximately 0.1 GK,this new resonance enhanced the thermonuclear ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne rate by up to a factor of≈7.4,compared with the previously recommended NACRE rate.This is of particular interest to the study of the evolution of the first stars and implies a stronger breakdown in their“warm”CNO cycle through the ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction than previously envisioned.This break-out resulted in the production of the calcium observed in the oldest stars,enhancing our understanding of the evolution of the first stars.
基金supported by the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory (2022SLABFN26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21773024)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology program (2020YJ0324,2020YJ0262)the Reformation and Development Funds for Local Region Universities from China Government in 2020 (ZCKJ 2020-11)。
文摘The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispersed Nb N quantum dots anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods(NbN@NHCR)are elaborately developed as efficient Li PSs immobilizer and Li stabilizer for high-performance Li-S full batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the sulfiphilic and lithiophilic NbN@NHCR hybrid can not only efficiently immobilize the soluble Li PSs and facilitate diffusion-conversion kinetics for alleviating the shuttling effect,but also homogenize the distribution of Li+ions and regulate uniform Li deposition for suppressing Li-dendrite growth.As a result,the assembled Li-S full batteries(NbN@NHCR-S||Nb N@NHCR-Li)deliver excellent long-term cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.031%per cycle over 1000 cycles at high rate of 2 C.Even at a high S loading of 5.8 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.2μL mg^(-1),a large areal capacity of 6.2 mA h cm^(-2)can be achieved in Li-S pouch cell at 0.1 C.This study provides a new perspective via designing a dual-functional sulfiphilic and lithiophilic hybrid to address serious issues of the shuttle effect of S cathode and dendrite growth of Li anode.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1401800 and 2022YFA1403900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12122414,12104487,and 12004419)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)supported by the US Department of Energy,Office of Basic Energy Sciences(Grant No.DOE-sc0012704)。
文摘What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate.Following the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes'law,there is a growing consensus in the community that the Tc value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density(ρ_(s))of its ground state and the conductivity(σ)of its normal state.However,all the data supporting this empirical law(ρ_(s)=AσT_(c))have been obtained from the ambientpressure superconductors.In this study,we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ_(s) and σ with T_(c),through the studies on the Bi_(1.74)Pb_(0.38)Sr_(1.88)CuO_(6+δ)and Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ),in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity(ρ=1/σ)is achieved by adopting our newly established method,while the quantity ofρs is extracted using Homes'law.We highlight that the Tc values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field,i.e.,ρ_(s) and σ,respectively,implying that the physics determining T_(c) is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22105184)Research Fund of SWUST for PhD (Grant No.22zx7175)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No.2019ZDZX0013)Institute of Chemical Materials Program (Grant No.SXK-2022-03)for financial support。
文摘High purity and ultrafine DAAF(u-DAAF)is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators.Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF,developing a preparation method with stable operation,accurate control,good quality consistency,equipment miniaturization,and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend.Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor.Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor,the key parameters(liquid flow rate,explosive concentration and crystallization temperature)were screened and optimized through screening experiments.Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled,the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm,and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m^(2)·g^(-1)to 1.33 m^(2)·g^(-1).In addition,the preparation method has good batch stability,high yield(90.8%-92.6%)and high purity(99.0%-99.4%),indicating a high practical application potential.Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF,and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method.This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.
基金the Projects of International Cooperation National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0108300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1003000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32372682,32272747,32072585,32072568).
文摘Selenocysteine methyltransferase(SMT)is a key enzyme involved in the Se metabolism pathway,and it is responsible for the catalysis of Se-methylselenocysteine(SeMSC)compound formation.Previous studies showed that selenium treatment activated SMT expression and promoted the accumulation of glucosinolates(GSLs)and sulforaphane,but the roles and functional mechanisms of SMT in mediating GSLs and sulforaphane synthesis remain unclear.In this study,we identified the BoSMT gene in broccoli and uncovered its roles in mediating GSLs biosynthesis.Transgenic assays revealed that BoSMT is involved in SeMSC biosynthesis in broccoli.More importantly,the contents of GSLs and sulforaphane were significantly increased in the BoSMT-overexpressing broccoli lines but decreased in the knockdown lines,suggesting that BoSMT played a positive role in regulating GSLs and sulforaphane synthesis.Further evidence indicated that BoSMT-mediated overaccumulation of GSLs and sulforaphane might be due to the increase in the endogenous SeMSC content.Compared with the mock(water)treatment,selenite-induced significantly increases of the SeMSC content in the BoSMT-knockdown plants partially compensated the phenotype of GSLs and sulforaphane loss.Compared with the mock treatment,exogenous SeMSC treatment significantly increased the contents of GSL and sulforaphane and activated GSL synthesis-related gene expression,suggesting that SeMSC acted as a positive regulator for GSL and sulforaphane production.Our findings provided novel insights into selenium-mediated GSLs and sulforaphane accumulation.The genetic manipulation of BoSMT might be a useful strategy for improving the dietary nutritional values of broccoli.
基金Supported by the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization,Chengdu University(2022CC013)。
文摘Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However,abundant antinutritional factors(ANFs)reduces its health benefits.As reported,germination can improve the nutritional profile of grains.In this study,we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds(TB)and Tartary buckwheat sprouts(TBS)used as high active ingredients.After evaluating nutrition levels,bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating,5^(th)-day TBS were selected as the raw material.C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water,TB,or TBS for 6 weeks.The physiological indices related to ANFs were determined.Results showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota,and organs.Additionally,upon TB intake,the Fe^(3+)content in serum,trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased,while the cytokine,IgE,and histamine levels in serum,water content in faeces,cytokine levels in liver and jejunum increased.Conversely,TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering effect.Altogether,TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFF1003000,2022YFE0108300)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32272747,32072585,32072568)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos.2021JJ30324,2021JJ30345)the Outstanding Youth Project of Educational Department of Hunan Province (Grant No.20B275)。
文摘Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the molecular mechanisms through which MY regulates sulforaphane biosynthesis in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the change of sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts caused by exogenous selenite treatments is positively related to BoMY expression. BoMY overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 mutants could dramatically increase myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content in the rosette leaves of 35S::BoMY/tgg1 and rescue its phenotypes.Moreover, an obvious increase of myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content was displayed in transgenic BoMY-overexpressed broccoli lines.In addition, a 2 033 bp promoter fragment of BoMY was isolated. Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H) library screening experiment uncovered that one bHLH transcription factor, BoFAMA, could directly bind to BoMY promoter to activate its expression, which was further evidenced by Y1H assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. BoFAMA is a selenite-responsive transcription factor that is highly expressed in broccoli leaves;its protein is solely localized to nucleus. Additionally, genetic evidence suggested that the knockdown of FAMA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly decrease sulforaphane yield by inhibiting the expression of myrosinase genes. Interestingly, exogenous selenite supply could partially restore the low level of sulforaphane content in transgenic Arabidopsis FAMA-silencing plants. Our findings uncover a novel function of FAMAMY module in the regulation of selenite-mediated sulforaphane synthesis and provide a new insights into the molecular mechanism by which selenite regulates the accumulation of sulforaphane in plants.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900,2021YFA1401800,2018YFA0704201,and 2023YFA1406103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12122414,12104487,and 12004419)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)。
文摘The stability of superconductivity in superconductors is widely recognized to be determined by various factors,including charge,spin,orbit,lattice,and other related degrees of freedom.Here,we report our findings on the pressure-induced coevolution of superconductivity and Hall coefficient in KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(24F_(2),an iron-based superconductor possessing a hybrid crystal structure combining KFe_(2)As_(2) and CaFeAsF.Our investigation,involving high-pressure resistance,Hall effect and x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements,allows us to observe the connection of the superconductivity and Hall coefficient with the anisotropic lattice shrinkage.We find that its ambient-pressure tetragonal(T) phase presents a collapse starting at around 18 GPa,where the sign of the Hall coefficient(R_(H)) changes from positive to negative.Upon further compression,both superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) and R_(H) exhibit a monotonous decrease.At around 41 GPa,the superconductivity is completely suppressed(T_(c)=0),where the parameter a begins to decline again and the Hall coefficient remains nearly unchanged.Our experiment results clearly demonstrate that the pressure-induced anisotropic lattice collapse plays a crucial role in tuning the interplay among multiple degrees of freedom in the superconducting system and,correspondingly,the stability of the superconductivity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900 and 2021YFA1401800)the NSF of China(Grant Nos.U2032214 and 12104487).
文摘The measurement of resistivity in a compressed material within a diamond anvil cell presents significant challenges.The high-pressure exper-imental setup makes it difficult to directly measure the size changes induced by pressure in the three crystallographic directions of the sample.In this study,we introduce a novel and effective method that addresses these technical challenges.This method is anticipated to offer a valuable foundation for high-pressure investigations on quantum materials,particularly those with anisotropic layered structures.
基金Supported by Key R and D Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2022C03058Medical and Health Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,No.WKJ-ZJ-2324and 4+X Clinical Research Project of Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,No.ZDFY2022-4XB101.
文摘BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)women require prenatal care to minimize short-and long-term complications.The mechanism by which exercise during pregnancy affects organ development and whether glucose transporter(GLUT)1 plays a role in GDM offspring organ development remains unknown.AIM To determine the effect of exercise during pregnancy on the cardiac,hepatic and renal development of GDM mother’s offspring.METHODS Placenta samples were collected from humans and mice.GDM mouse models were created using streptozotocin along with a GDM with exercise group.The hearts,livers and kidneys of 3-and 8-week-old offspring were collected for body composition analysis and staining.The effects of high glucose levels and hypoxia were investigated using HTR8/SVneo.Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to assess cell migration.Immunofluorescence accompanied with TUNEL and Ki67 staining was used to explore apoptosis and proliferation.RESULTS Exercise during pregnancy downregulated the GLUT1 and hypoxia inducible factor-1αexpression in placenta from individuals with GDM.Cobalt chloride induced hypoxia and high glucose levels also significantly decreased migration and apoptosis of HTR8/SVneo cells.In addition,exercise reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and decreased the tubular vacuolar area in the kidneys of offspring.CONCLUSION GDM affects the growth and development of organs in offspring.Exercise during pregnancy can reverse adverse effects of GDM on the development of the heart,liver,and kidney in offspring.
文摘BACKGROUND Low grade serous carcinoma of the ovary(LGSOC)is a rare type of epithelial ovarian cancer with a low incidence rate.The origin of ovarian cancer has always been a hot topic in gynecological oncology research,and some scholars believe that the origin of ovarian malignant tumors is the fallopian tubes.Primary fallopian tube cancer is the lowest incidence of malignant tumors in the female reproductive system.There are only a few reports in the literature,but the mortality rate is very high.But in clinical practice,fallopian tube cancer is very common,but in most cases,it is classified as ovarian cancer.CASE SUMMARY We report a 54 years old postmenopausal woman who was hospitalized with a lower abdominal mass and underwent surgical treatment.The final pathological confirmation was low-grade serous carcinoma of the right ovary and low-grade serous carcinoma of the left fallopian tube.No special treatment was performed after the surgery,and the patient was instructed to undergo regular follow-up without any signs of disease progression.CONCLUSION The prognosis of LGSOC is relatively good,over 80%of patients still experience disease recurrence.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1806400)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202306230183)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62271305 and 62001287).
文摘We propose a joint look-up-table(LUT)-based nonlinear predistortion and digital resolution enhancement scheme to achieve high-speed and low-cost optical interconnects using low-resolution digital-to-analog converters(DACs).The LUT-based predistortion is employed to mitigate the patterndependent effect(PDE)of a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA),while the digital resolution enhancer(DRE)is utilized to shape the quantization noise,lowering the requirement for the resolution of DAC.We experimentally demonstrate O-band intensity modulation and direct detection(IM/DD)transmission of 124-GBd 4∕6-level pulse-amplitude modulation ePAMT-4∕6 and 112-GBd PAM-8 signals over a 2-km standard single-mode fiber(SSMF)with 3∕3.5∕4-bit DACs.In the case of 40-km SSMF transmission with an SOAbased preamplifier,124-GBd on-off-keying(OOK)/PAM-3/PAM-4 signals are successfully transmitted with 1.5∕2∕3-bit DACs.To the best of our knowledge,we have achieved the highest net data rates of 235.3-Gb∕s PAM-4,289.7-Gb∕s PAM-6,and 294.7 Gb∕s PAM-8 signals over 2-km SSMF,as well as 117.6-Gb∕s OOK,173.8-Gb∕s PAM-3,and−231.8 Gb∕s PAM-4 signals over 40-km SSMF,employing low-resolution DACs.The experimental results reveal that the joint LUT-based predistortion and DRE effectively mitigate the PDE and improve the signal-to-quantization noise ratio by shaping the noise.The proposed scheme can provide a powerful solution for low-cost IM/DD optical interconnects beyond 200 Gb∕s.
