饱和碳配体铀化合物的结构及成键性质研究

铀化物的合成已成为金属有机化学领域的研究热点之一。相比于过渡金属化合物,铀化物的合成与分离极具挑战性,尤其是包含铀碳键化合物。碳卡宾具有孤对电子易与铀的空轨道成键,而苄基或烷基中的碳无孤对电子,难以与铀结合,所以饱和碳配体铀化合物的研究较少。随着人们对铀独特的电子结构与成键性质的研究,基于饱和碳配体铀化合物研究取得了一些进展。本综述系统总结了饱和碳配体与不同价态的铀(+3、+4、+5和+6)形成化合物的结构以及成键性质。

Theoretical perspectives on the reduction of Pu(Ⅳ)and Np(Ⅵ)by methylhydrazine in HNO_(3)solution:Implications for Np/Pu separation

Effective adjustment and control of the oxidation state of plutonium(Pu)and neptunium(Np)is an indispensable component of Np/Pu separation in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.Some hydrazine derivatives including methylhydrazine(CH_(3)N_(2)H_(3))effectively achieves the reduction of Np(Ⅵ)to Np(V)without reducing Pu(Ⅳ).Herein,we explored the reduction mechanisms of Pu(Ⅳ)and Np(Ⅵ)by CH_(3)N_(2)H_(3)in HNO_(3)solution using scalar-relativistic density functional theory.We elucidated the difference in the reduction mechanism between Np(Ⅵ)and Pu(Ⅳ)ions by CH_(3)N_(2)H_(3).The energy barrier for the reduction of[NpⅥO_(2)(H_(2)O)_(5)]^(2+)and[NpⅥO_(2)(NO_(3))(H_(2)O)_(3)]^(+)by CH_(3)N_(2)H_(3)is largely different due to the coordination of nitrate ion.Moreover,the energy barrier of the reduction of[NpⅥO_(2)(H_(2)O)_(5)]^(2+)is apparently lower than that of[PuⅣ(NO_(3))_(2)(H_(2)O)7]^(2+),which is in line with the experimental observations.The results of Mayer bond order and localized molecular orbitals clarify the structural evolution of the reaction pathways.Analysis of the spin density demonstrates that the first Np(Ⅵ)and Pu(Ⅳ)reduction belongs to the outer-sphere electron transfer and the second Np(Ⅵ)and Pu(Ⅳ)reduction is the hydrogen transfer.This study explains theoretically why CH_(3)N_(2)H_(3)reduces Np(Ⅵ)but not Pu(Ⅳ),and helps to design promising reductants for the Np/Pu separation in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.

Efficacious selective separation of U(Ⅵ) over Mo(Ⅵ) using novel 2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline ligands: Liquid-liquid extraction and coordination chemistry

Uranium and molybdenum are important strategic elements. The production of ^(99)Mo and the hydrometallurgical process of uranium ore face difficult problems of separation of uranium and molybdenum.In this study, the four phenanthroline diamide ligands were synthesized, and extraction and stripping experiments were performed under different conditions to evaluate the potential application of these ligands for separation of U(Ⅵ) over Mo(Ⅵ). With the growth of alkyl chain, the solubility of ligands could be greatly improved, and the separation effect of U(Ⅵ) over Mo(Ⅵ) gradually increased. The SF_(U/Mo) were around 10,000 at 4 mol/L HNO3. Three stripping agents were tested with the stripping efficiency of Na_(2)CO_(3)(5%) > H_(2)O > HNO_(3)(0.01 mol/L). The stripping percentages of the three stripping agents were all close to unity, indicating that the ligands had the potential to be recycled. The chemical stoichiometry of U(Ⅵ) complexes with ligands was evaluated as 1:1 using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The consistency between theoretical calculation and experimental results further explains the coordination mechanism.

锕系异核双金属化合物

锕系金属有机化合物的研究已成为金属有机化学研究领域的热点之一,其化合物的合成和分离极具挑战性,其中锕系异核双金属化合物在催化和小分子活化方面有潜在的应用前景。随着人们对锕系独特电子结构及其性质的深入认识,锕系异核双金属化合物的研究也取得了一些进展。本文总结了锕系异核双金属化合物近30年的研究成果,主要包括锕系-过渡金属体系和锕系-主族金属体系的实验和理论研究。

基于三脚架配体构筑的锕系-配体多重键的研究进展

非水溶液体系的锕系元素化学是一个极具挑战性的前沿研究领域,近年来在分子磁性、多重键以及小分子活化等方面获得了迅速发展.化学键是化学科学中最重要的基本概念之一,而金属-配体多重键是该领域重要的研究内容.多重键的形成与锕系元素的电子结构密切相关,相对论效应使得锕系元素的s轨道和p轨道收缩,轨道能量降低,收缩的s和p轨道增加了对核电荷的屏蔽效应,从而使d和f轨道具有一定的延展性和不稳定性.这种不稳定性降低了5f电子的结合能,电子更容易离去,可使锕系元素具有丰富的氧化态.由于较高的主量子数和相对论效应,锕系元素的5f轨道具有更大的径向延展,在锕系元素中5f轨道的电子行为影响较大.目前,锕系金属-配体多重键因其独特的成键方式和电子结构特征而受到科学家的广泛关注,在合成和分离方面存在极大的挑战,研究锕系-配体多重键将有助于我们了解它们的电子结构和反应性.基于口袋型拓扑结构的三脚架配体被广泛地应用于锕系-配体多重键的研究,这为探索锕系元素的5f电子结构和锕系多重键丰富的化学行为提供了重要支撑.本综述总结了近年来基于三脚架配体构筑的锕系-配体多重键的研究进展,并对未来进行了展望.

Facile Access to Uranium and Thorium Phosphaethynolate Complexes Supported by Tren: Experimental and Theoretical Study

The issue of covale nee of acti nide complexes remai ns con troversial to date.The in troducti on of 2-phosphaethy nolate anion into acti・nide complexes is expected to in vestigate the reaction mode and the bon ding property.Herei n,we describe the function alizatio n of An(Tren^(TIPS))CI(1:An=U;2:An=Th)precursors with NaOCP(dioxane)_(2.5) through salt-elimination method leading to the formation of the corresponding uranium and thorium phosphaethynolate species:[U(Tren^(TIPS))(OCP)]⑶and[Th(Tren^(TIPS))(OCP)](4).

Theoretical studies on the complexation of Eu(Ⅲ) and Am(Ⅲ) with HDEHP： structure, bonding nature and stability

Separation of trivalent lanthanides(Ln(Ⅲ)) and actinides(An(Ⅲ)) is a key issue in the advanced spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. In the well-known trivalent actinide lanthanide separation by phosphorus reagent extraction from aqueous komplexes(TALSPEAK) process, the organophosphorus ligand HDEHP(di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid) has been used as an efficient reagent for the partitioning of Ln(Ⅲ) from An(Ⅲ) with the combination of a holdback reagent in aqueous lactate buffer solution. In this work, the structural and electronic properties of Eu^(3+) and Am^(3+) complexes with HDEHP in nitric acid solution have been systematically explored by using scalar-relativistic density functional theory(DFT). It was found that HDEHP can coordinate with M(Ⅲ)(M=Eu, Am) cations in the form of hydrogen-bonded dimers HL_2^-(L=DEHP), and the metal ions prefer to coordinate with the phosphoryl oxygen atom of the ligand. For all the extraction complexes, the metal-ligand bonds are mainly ionic in nature. Although Eu(Ⅲ) complexes have higher interaction energies, the HL_2^- dimer shows comparable affinity for Eu(Ⅲ) and Am(Ⅲ) according to thermodynamic analysis, which may be attributed to the higher stabilities of Eu(Ⅲ) nonahydrate. It is expected that this work could provide insightful information on the complexation of An(Ⅲ) and Ln(Ⅲ) with HDEHP at the molecular level.