Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on...Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.展开更多
Fault detection technique is introduced with similarity measure. The characteristics of conventional similarity measure based on fuzzy number are discussed. With the help of distance measure, similarity measure is con...Fault detection technique is introduced with similarity measure. The characteristics of conventional similarity measure based on fuzzy number are discussed. With the help of distance measure, similarity measure is constructed explicitly. The designed distance-based similarity measure is applicable to general fuzzy membership functions including non-convex fuzzy membership function, whereas fuzzy number-based similarity measure has limitation to calculate the similarity of general fuzzy membership functions. The applicability of the proposed similarity measure to general fuzzy membership structures is proven by identifying the definition. To decide fault detection of flight system, the experimental data （pitching moment coefficients and lift coefficients） are transformed into fuzzy membership functions. Distance-based similarity measure is applied to the obtained fuzzy membership functions, and similarity computation and analysis are obtained with the fault and normal operation coefficients.展开更多
Studies the numerical stability region of linear multistep(LM) methods applied to linear test equation of the form y′(t)=ay(t)+by(t-1), t>0, y(t)=g(t)-1≤t≤0, a,b∈R, proves through delay dependent stability ...Studies the numerical stability region of linear multistep(LM) methods applied to linear test equation of the form y′(t)=ay(t)+by(t-1), t>0, y(t)=g(t)-1≤t≤0, a,b∈R, proves through delay dependent stability analysis that the intersection of stability regions of the equation and the method is not empty, in addition to approaches to the boundary of the delay differential equation(DDEs) in the limiting case of step size boundary of the stability region of linear multistep methods.展开更多
This paper studies the properties of fluoride glasses for use in particle calorimeters or in optical fibers. The effects of major and minor impurities in manufacturing process and ultimately on the glass properties ha...This paper studies the properties of fluoride glasses for use in particle calorimeters or in optical fibers. The effects of major and minor impurities in manufacturing process and ultimately on the glass properties have been investigated. Glasses in a range of compositions have been made and tested in the form of small samples as well as larger blocks of size 2×3×14 cm 3. Results of measurements on these materials, using a high energy particle beam, are presented.展开更多
Nano-or atomic-scale microstructural control has become a key technique to develop superior functional materials,and the success of such project largely relies upon a precise characterization of local atomic/elect... Nano-or atomic-scale microstructural control has become a key technique to develop superior functional materials,and the success of such project largely relies upon a precise characterization of local atomic/electronic structures.Understanding atomistic origins of nanomaterial's properties will lead to establishing structureproperty relationships,which have been one of the major challenging issues in materials science.……展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [No. K25CA129173 (MMA), R01CA122031 (ASA), and 1R01CA160216 (ASA)]
文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.
基金Project supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea and Korea Research Foundation
文摘Fault detection technique is introduced with similarity measure. The characteristics of conventional similarity measure based on fuzzy number are discussed. With the help of distance measure, similarity measure is constructed explicitly. The designed distance-based similarity measure is applicable to general fuzzy membership functions including non-convex fuzzy membership function, whereas fuzzy number-based similarity measure has limitation to calculate the similarity of general fuzzy membership functions. The applicability of the proposed similarity measure to general fuzzy membership structures is proven by identifying the definition. To decide fault detection of flight system, the experimental data （pitching moment coefficients and lift coefficients） are transformed into fuzzy membership functions. Distance-based similarity measure is applied to the obtained fuzzy membership functions, and similarity computation and analysis are obtained with the fault and normal operation coefficients.
文摘Studies the numerical stability region of linear multistep(LM) methods applied to linear test equation of the form y′(t)=ay(t)+by(t-1), t>0, y(t)=g(t)-1≤t≤0, a,b∈R, proves through delay dependent stability analysis that the intersection of stability regions of the equation and the method is not empty, in addition to approaches to the boundary of the delay differential equation(DDEs) in the limiting case of step size boundary of the stability region of linear multistep methods.
文摘This paper studies the properties of fluoride glasses for use in particle calorimeters or in optical fibers. The effects of major and minor impurities in manufacturing process and ultimately on the glass properties have been investigated. Glasses in a range of compositions have been made and tested in the form of small samples as well as larger blocks of size 2×3×14 cm 3. Results of measurements on these materials, using a high energy particle beam, are presented.
基金欧盟(EU)居里·玛丽研究训练网络(批准号:MRTN-CT-2004-005583(PARSEM))及法中政府科研合作框架协议(SIMIT(上海)-SlFCOM (Caen))资助项目Project supported by the EU Marie Curie RTN (No. MRTN-CT-2004-005583 (PARSEM)) and the French and Chinese Governments in the Framework of a Scientific Collaboration Between SIMIT (Shanghai) and SIFCOM (Caen)
文摘 Nano-or atomic-scale microstructural control has become a key technique to develop superior functional materials,and the success of such project largely relies upon a precise characterization of local atomic/electronic structures.Understanding atomistic origins of nanomaterial's properties will lead to establishing structureproperty relationships,which have been one of the major challenging issues in materials science.……
