Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens via reshaping gut microbiota

Background Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE)is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders,including obesity,diabetes and fatty liver disease.However,the role of GBE in alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS)in laying hens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.Here,we investigated the effects of GBE on relieving FLHS with an emphasis on the modulatory role of GBE in chicken gut microbiota.Results The results showed that GBE treatment ameliorated biochemical blood indicators in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced FLHS laying hen model by decreasing the levels of TG,TC,ALT and ALP.The lipid accumulation and pathological score of liver were also relieved after GBE treatment.Moreover,GBE treatment enhanced the antioxidant activity of liver and serum by increasing GSH,SOD,T-AOC,GSH-PX and reducing MDA,and downregulated the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis(FAS,LXRα,GPAT1,PPARγand Ch REBP1)and inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,TLR4 and NF-κB)in the liver.Microbial profiling analysis revealed that GBE treatment reshaped the HFD-perturbed gut microbiota,particularly elevated the abundance of Megasphaera in the cecum.Meanwhile,targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs revealed that GBE treatment significantly promoted the production of total SCFAs,acetate and propionate,which were positively correlated with the GBE-enriched gut microbiota.Finally,we confirmed that the GBE-altered gut microbiota was sufficient to alleviate FLHS by fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Conclusions We provided evidence that GBE alleviated FLHS in HFD-induced laying hens through reshaping the composition of gut microbiota.Our findings shed light on mechanism underlying the anti-FLHS efficacy of GBE and lay foundations for future use of GBE as additive to prevent and control FLHS in laying hen industry.

Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and rumen protected fat on meat quality,oxidative stability,and chemical composition of finishing goats

Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids.However,it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance,meat quality,oxidative stability,and meat nutritional value of finishing goats.Thirty-two goats(initial body weight,20.5±0.82 kg)were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation(0 vs.30 g/d)×2 CB supplementation(0 vs.1.0 g/d)factorial treatment arrangement.The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period.The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate(dry matter basis).Result Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured,except that shear force was reduced(P<0.05)by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination;the increased intramuscular fat(IMF)content with adding RPF was more pronounced(P<0.05)with CB than without CB addition.The pH24h(P=0.009),a*values(P=0.007),total antioxidant capacity(P=0.050),glutathione peroxidase activities(P=0.006),concentrations of 18:3(P<0.001),20:5(P=0.003)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(P=0.048)were increased,whereas the L*values(P<0.001),shear force(P=0.050)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.044)were decreased by adding CB.Furthermore,CB supplementation increased essential amino acid(P=0.027),flavor amino acid(P=0.010)and total amino acid contents(P=0.024)as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase(P=0.034)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)(P=0.012),and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)(P=0.034).The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake(P=0.005),averaged daily gain(trend,P=0.058),hot carcass weight(P=0.046),backfat thickness(P=0.006),concentrations of 16:0(P<0.001)and c9-18:1(P=0.002),and decreased the shear force(P<0.001),isoleucine(P=0.049)and lysine content(P=0.003)of meat.In addition,the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P=0.003),fatty acid synthase(P=0.038),SCD(P<0.001)and PPARγ(P=0.022)were upregulated due to RPF supplementation,resulting in higher(P<0.001)content of IMF.Conclusions CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality,and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle.

The Effects of B2C Interaction on Customer Loyalty

Purpose： This research attempts to examine the relationship between B2C interaction and customer loyalty in Business-to-Customer（B2C） context from a new perspective of the interactive tool.Design/methodology/approach： The scale for B2C interactive tools is of seven dimensions： efficiency, security, fulfillment, mobility, community, cultivation, and customization. A model reflecting the influences of these attributes on customer loyalty is developed and empirically examined based on data collected from 265 B2C customers. Findings： Results reveal that the fulfillment, mobility, community, and customization of B2C interactive tools can enhance customer loyalty directly and significantly. Efficiency and security, serving as the premise for possible purchase behavior, facilitate fulfillment. In addition, cultivation promotes the formation of customization, which directly strengthens customer loyalty.Research limitations： Models considering individual-level indicators and combined with classic loyalty mechanisms in B2C context may lead to a deeper understanding of the tested effects of interaction on customer loyalty.Practical implications： To strengthen B2C interaction and further cultivate loyal customers, making interactive tools more fundamental, flexible, and personalized is critical for B2C enterprises. Originality/value： This study proposes a new perspective from interactive tools when measuring the relationship between B2C interaction and customer loyalty, and offers a useful theoretical lens and reasonable explanations for investigating customer loyalty in B2C e-commerce context.

A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana(Anura,Ranidae)from North China,with a Taxonomic Revision of the R.chensinensis Species Group

The Rana chensinensis species group is widely distributed throughout North China.However,its taxonomy and composition remain controversial.In recent field investigations of the Taihang Mountains,a series of Rana specimens were collected,which were once identified as R.chensinensis.However,these samples showed significant differences from R.chensinensis of the type locality(Shaanxi Province in the Qinling Mountains)in both morphology and genetics.In this paper,based on analyses of seventeen geographic populations from the Taihang and Qinling Mountains,we describe a new species(namely R.taihangensis sp.nov.)in the R.chensinensis species group.A phylogenetic analysis of the R.chensinensis species group based on mitochondrial genes—COI,16S rRNA and Cytb—revealed the monophyly of the cryptic species,which formed the sister taxon to R.kukunoris.Morphological comparisons indicated that the cryptic species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characteristics.Additionally,the distribution patterns of the Rana species in North China were clarified.The populations of the southwestern Taihang Mountains,Xiaoqinling Mountains,and Funiu Mountains in Henan Province remain R.chensinensis,whereas the populations recorded as R.chensinensis in Beijing City,Hebei Province,and the southeastern Taihang Mountains of Henan Province should be revised as R.taihangensis sp.nov.

最近30年影响长江流域的登陆台风特征分析

通过收集整理1988~2017年西北太平洋和南海地区生成的台风及长江流域逐日降雨资料，对最近30年登陆我国的台风个数、登陆地点、移动路径、台风强度及影响范围等特征进行统计分析。重点分析了对长江流域降雨有直接影响的登陆台风主要特征，以及其对长江流域影响下的降雨强度、落区特征。结果表明，最近30年西北太平洋、近海及南海地区台风的生成个数与登陆个数呈减少趋势，影响长江流域的登陆台风个数呈不显著增加趋势，且主要集中在每年的7~9月份；对长江流域降雨有直接影响的登陆台风生成源地大多为西太平洋海域地区，生命史中以超强台风所占比例最大；登陆时则多以强热带风暴强度为主，登陆我国福建省的次数最多；登陆后影响长江流域的台风移动路径以东北转向型最多，其次为西移型、偏北型和西北型；登陆台风对长江流域降雨影响最多的地区为鄱阳湖地区，其次为长江下游、洞庭湖。通过分析影响长江流域的台风特征，提炼影响长江流域降雨的台风移动路径与西太平洋副热带高压典型配置形势图，可为以后长江流域防汛防台风提供技术支持和应用参考。

Gain deeper insights into traditional Chinese medicines using multidimensional chromatography combined with chemometric approaches

Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)possess a rich historical background,unique theoretical framework,remarkable therapeutic efficacy,and abundant resources.However,the modernization and internationalization of TCMs have faced significant obstacles due to their diverse ingredients and unknown mechanisms.To gain deeper insights into the phytochemicals and ensure the quality control of TCMs,there is an urgent need to enhance analytical techniques.Currently,two-dimensional(2D)chromatography,which incorporates two independent separation mechanisms,demonstrates superior separation capabilities compared to the traditional one-dimensional(1D)separation system when analyzing TCMs samples.Over the past decade,new techniques have been continuously developed to gain actionable insights from complex samples.This review presents the recent advancements in the application of multidimensional chromatography for the quality evaluation of TCMs,encompassing 2D-gas chromatography(GC),2D-liquid chromatography(LC),as well as emerging three-dimensional(3D)-GC,3D-LC,and their associated data-processing approaches.These studies highlight the promising potential of multidimensional chromatographic separation for future phytochemical analysis.Nevertheless,the increased separation capability has resulted in higher-order data sets and greater demands for data-processing tools.Considering that multidimensional chromatography is still a relatively nascent research field,further hardware enhancements and the implementation of chemometric methods are necessary to foster its robust development.

妊娠中期心血管超声参数与肝功能的相关性及对不良妊娠结局的预测价值

目的探讨妊娠中期心血管超声参数与肝功能的相关性,以及两者对孕妇不良妊娠结局的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年1月于上海市闵行区中心医院定期产前检查并生产的200名产妇,根据其妊娠结局分为非不良妊娠结局组(n=108)和不良妊娠结局组(n=92)。对比两组妊娠中期的基线资料、孕期心血管超声参数[左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)和室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房直径(LAD)、二尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值速度/二尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(E/A)、E/二尖瓣环室间隔侧和侧壁舒张期早期峰值速度平均值(e’)]及肝功能指标[谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)]。Pearson相关分析评估妊娠中期心血管超声参数与肝功能指标间的相关性,ROC分析评估妊娠中期心血管超声参数与肝功能对孕妇不良妊娠结局的预测价值。结果不良妊娠结局组孕妇妊娠中期的收缩压、舒张压显著高于非不良妊娠结局组(P<0.05),出现轻度高血压的孕妇的比例显著高于非不良妊娠结局组的孕妇(P<0.05),分娩时的胎龄和新生儿体重均显著低于非不良妊娠结局组(P<0.05)。不良妊娠结局组的LVPWd、LVESd、LVEDd、IVSd、LVEF、LAD及E/e’均显著高于非不良妊娠结局组,E/A显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。不良妊娠结局组较非不良妊娠结局组肝功能指标显著升高(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析表明,不良妊娠结局组孕妇的心血管超声参数与肝功能指标之间均呈显著正相关。ROC曲线分析显示,妊娠中期心血管超声参数与肝功能指标对孕妇不良妊娠结局具有较高的预测价值。结论妊娠中期心血管超声参数与肝功能指标显著正相关,对孕妇不良妊娠结局具有较高的预测价值。

Environmental Stability and Transmissibility of Enveloped Viruses at Varied Animate and Inanimate Interfaces

Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade,including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses,direct contact is a common route of infection,while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease,although their significance remains controversial.Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics.Herein,from the perspective of the driving force,partition efficiency,and viral survivability at interfaces,we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses.We expect to provide insights for virus detection,environmental surveillance,and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

关于近期不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎可能病因及发病机制与应对策略的探讨

2022年4月以来, 不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎已蔓延全球35个国家和地区, 共计1 010余例病例被相继报道。此次肝炎涉及地域较广且重症率较高, 因此尽早锁定病因并建立有效的预防、诊断和治疗措施至关重要。本文讨论了近期不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎的可能病因和发病机制, 并推测该病的发生可能与腺病毒、腺相关病毒感染及新型冠状病毒流行有关, 而不同种族间HLA多态性的差异则可能与报告病例多见于欧美国家有关。根据目前的相关证据, 可初步判定我国大规模暴发不明原因儿童严重急性肝炎的风险较低, 但我们仍需提高对该病的认识和警惕, 以积极准备应对策略。

“无聊”的设计

现代人生活各种忙碌,回到家之后就是各种躺。俗话说＂能坐着就不站着,能躺着就不坐着＂,好像只要有了手机就有了全世界,但是生活真的这么无聊么？当然,作为设计师来说,在枯燥的生活中,他们更会自己找乐子,于是创造出了一系列脑洞大开的设计。