How do lateral septum projections to the ventral CA1 influence sociability?

Social dysfunction is a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric illnesses.Previous studies have shown that the lateral septum(LS)-related pathway plays a critical role in mediating social behaviors.Howeve r,the role of the connections between the LS and its downstream brain regions in social behavio rs remains unclea r.In this study,we conducted a three-chamber test using electrophysiological and chemogenetic approaches in mice to determine how LS projections to ventral CA1(vCA1)influence sociability.Our res ults showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-e rgic neuro ns were activated following social experience,and that social behavio rs were enhanced by chemogenetic modulation of these neurons.Moreover,LS GABAergic neurons extended their functional neural connections via vCA1 glutamatergic pyramidal neurons,and regulating LSGABA→vCA1Gluneural projections affected social behaviors,which were impeded by suppressing LSprojecting vCA1 neuronal activity or inhibiting GABAAreceptors in vCA1.These findings support the hypothesis that LS inputs to the vCA1 can control social prefe rences and social novelty behaviors.These findings provide new insights rega rding the neural circuits that regulate sociability.

Electrochemical Surface Restructuring of Phosphorus-Doped Carbon@MoP Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution

The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through electrocatalysis is promising for the production of clean hydrogen fuel. However,designing the structure of catalysts,controlling their electronic properties,and manipulating their catalytic sites are a significant challenge in this field. Here,we propose an electrochemical surface restructuring strategy to design synergistically interactive phosphorus-doped carbon@MoP electrocatalysts for the HER. A simple electrochemical cycling method is developed to tune the thickness of the carbon layers that cover on MoP core,which significantly influences HER performance. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations indicate that the inactive surface carbon layers can be removed through electrochemical cycling,leading to a close bond between the MoP and a few layers of coated graphene. The electronsdonated by the MoP core enhance the adhesion and electronegativity of the carbon layers;the negatively charged carbon layers act as an active surface. The electrochemically induced optimization of the surface/interface electronic structures in the electrocatalysts significantly promotes the HER. Using this strategy endows the catalyst with excellent activity in terms of the HER in both acidic and alkaline environments(current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at low overpotentials,of 68 mV in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4) and 67 mV in 1.0 M KOH).

Relationship on the Head Deviation Rate and Laying Length of Porous Tubes

To improve the utilization efficiency of water the laying length of porous tubes was analyzed. Considering long porous tubes the irrigation uniformity of porous tubes was studied by analyzing the deviation rate of the working head of porous tubes and through an impact analysis of the deviation ratio of flow rate based on laying length slope pressure head and perforation spacing. Results showed that the deviation ratio of the flow rate could be reduced by decreasing the length of tubes and increasing the slope. The deviation ratio of flow rate was less influenced by pressure head and perforation spacing. A best laid slope resulted in a longer laying length of the porous tubes and they were not constant.

RPL18aB helps maintain suspensor identity during early embryogenesis

Summary During embryogenesis, plants are thought to use a mechanism that allows the suspensor to maintain its identity. Here, we reported that RPL18a is involved in this mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. The suspensor cells proliferated in rp118aB and formed a multicellular structure rather than undergo pro- grammed cell death, as in wild type. Suspensors of rpl18a expressed the embryo proper marker, DRN：： GFP, but not the suspensor marker, WOX8：：GFP. In addition, auxin accumulated throughout the suspensors of rpl18a proembryos. Suspensor-specific expression of RPL18a could rescue the cell proliferation defects in rpl18a suspensors. These findings supported a role for RPL18a in maintaining suspensor identity.