Functional characterization of sensory neuron membrane protein 1a involved in sex pheromone detection of Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae)

The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae)is a polyphagous pest that affects a wide range of host plants.Its control remains challenging mainly due to its rapid reproduction,necessitating an understanding of sex pheromone communication.The recognition of sex pheromones is vital for courtship and mating behaviors,and is mediated by various chemosensory-associated proteins.Among these,sensory neuron membrane protein(SNMP),a CD36-related protein,is suggested to play crucial roles in detecting sex pheromones.In this study,we employed transcriptomic and genomic data from A.lucorum and phylogenetic approaches,and identified four putative SNMP genes(AlucSNMP1a,AlucSNMP1b,AlucSNMP2a,and AlucSNMP2b)with full open reading frames.Expression analysis revealed the ubiquitous presence of AlucSNMP transcripts in multiple tissues,with only AlucSNMP1a exhibiting male-biased expression in the antennae,suggesting its potential role in male chemosensation.Functional analysis using the Xenopus oocyte expression system,coupled with two-electrode voltage clamp recording,demonstrated that the co-expression of AlucSNMP1a with specific pheromone receptors(PRs)and the Odorant receptor co-receptor(Orco)significantly enhanced electrophysiological responses to sex pheromones compared to the co-expression of PRs and Orco alone.Moreover,the results indicated that the presence of AlucSNMP1a not only affected the responsiveness to sex pheromones but also influenced the kinetics(activation and inactivation)of the induced signals.In contrast,the co-expression of AlucSNMP1b with AlucPR/Orco complexes had no impact on the inward currents induced by two pheromone compounds.An examination of the selective pressures on SNMP1 genes across 20 species indicated strong purifying selection,implying potential functional conservation in various insects.These findings highlight the crucial role of AlucSNMP1a in the response to sex pheromones.

Establishment of a system for screening and identification of novel bactericide targets in the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae using Tn-seq and SPR

Xanthomonas spp. cause severe bacterial diseases. However, effective strategies for prevention and management of these diseases are scarce. Thus, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas. In this study, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, has been studied as a representative. A transposon insertion library of Xoo, comprising approximately 200,000 individual insertion mutants, was generated. Transposon sequencing data indicated that the mariner C9 transposase mapped at 35.7–36.4% of all potential insertion sites, revealing 491 essential genes required for the growth of Xoo in rich media. The results show that, compared to the functions of essential genes of other bacteria, the functions of some essential genes of Xoo are unknown, 25 genes might be dangerous for the Xanthomonas group, and 3 are specific to Xanthomonas. High-priority candidates for developing broad-spectrum, Xanthomonas-specific, and environment-friendly bactericides were identified in this study. In addition, this study revealed the possible targets of dioctyldiethylenetriamine using surface plasmon resonance(SPR) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS). The study also provided references for the research of some certain bactericides with unknown anti-bacterial mode of action. In conclusion, this study urged a better understanding of Xanthomonas,provided meaningful data for the management of bacterial leaf blight, and disclosed selected targets of a novel bactericide.

Boosting the cycling stability of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries through MOF-based polymeric protective layers

Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)play a pivotal role in advancing next-generation lithium metal battery technology.However,they commonly encounter substantial interfacial resistance and poor stability when interfacing with lithium metal,hindering practical applications.Herein,we introduce a flexible metal-organic framework(MOF:NUS-6)-incorporated polymeric layer,denoted as NP,designed to protect the sodium superionic conductor(NASICON)-type Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)(LATP)electrolyte from Li metal anodes.The NP matrix establishes a soft interface with the LATP surface,effectively reducing voids and gaps that may arise between the LATP electrolyte and Li metal.Moreover,the MOF component in NP enhances ionic conductivity,offers abundant Li^(+)transport sites,and provides hierarchical ion channels,ensuring a homogeneous Li^(+)flow and thus effectively inhibiting Li dendrite formation.Utilizing NP,we fabricate Li symmetrical cells cycled for over 1600 h at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)and all-solid-state LiINP-LATPI LiFePO_(4)batteries,achieving a remarkable 99.3%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C.This work outlines a general strategy for designing long-lasting and stable solid-state Li metal batteries.

Impact of Co^(2+)substitution on structure and magnetic properties of M-type strontium ferrite with different Fe/Sr ratios

Ion substitution has significantly improved the performance of ferrite magnets,and cobalt remains a key area of research.Studies on the mechanism of Co^(2+)in strontium ferrite,especially SrFe_(2n-x)Co_(x)O_(19-d)(n=6.1-5.4;x=0.05-0.20)synthesized using the ceramic method,showed that Co^(2+)preferentially enters the lattice as the Fe/Sr ratio decreases.This results in a decrease in the lattice constants a and c due to oxygen vacancies and iron ion deficiency.The impact of Co substitution on morphology is minor compared to the effect of the Fe/Sr ratio.As the Fe/Sr ratio decreases and the Co content increases,the saturation magnetization decreases.The magnetic anisotropy field exhibits a nonlinear change,generally increasing with higher Fe/Sr ratios and Co content.These changes in the performance of permanent magnets are attributed to the absence of Fe^(3+)ions at the 12k+2a and 2b sites and the substitution of Co^(2+)at the 2b site.This suggests that by adjusting the Fe/Sr ratio and appropriate Co substitution,the magnetic anisotropy field of M-type strontium ferrite can be effectively optimized.

Analysis of Intraspecies Diversity of Rice Reveals Variation Patterns of Oryza sativa Basic Leucine Zippers

The basic leucine zipper(bZIP)is an important class of transcription factors in plants,playing a critical role in plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stress.Due to gene presence/absence variations,it is limited to identify bZIP genes based on the reference genome.Therefore,we performed the bZIP gene family analysis in the rice pan-genome.By employing a rice pan-genome,ninety-four OsbZIPs(72 core genes and 22 variable genes)were identified and divided into 11 groups in a phylogenetic tree.Based upon Ka/Ks values in 33 accessions,OsbZIPs were subjected to different selection pressures during domestication.The analysis of the effects of structural variations(SVs)on gene expression,gene structure,and conserved domains showed that SVs could significantly alter the expression levels of certain OsbZIPs,leading to gene truncation and the emergence of numerous atypical genes.Thirty-four differentially expressed OsbZIPs were identified by analyzing RNA-seq data of the Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)infection susceptible(IR24)and resistant(IRBB67)lines under high temperature,and by counting the number of differentially expressed OsbZIPs in different subgroups.These Osb-ZIPs were found to respond to Xoo infection at an early stage and may not be involved in the mechanism of Xa4 and Xa7 resistance to Xoo.The multiple variation patterns of OsbZIP genes provide new insights into the OsbZIP genes in rice.These results provide new resources and offer new directions for functional studies of OsbZIPs.

An Analysis of Supply Chain Environment in Great Wall Motor Based on Life-Cycle Assessment

Great Wall Motor(GWM),a leading automotive manufacturer,places a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability and social responsibility.The company focuses on comprehensively evaluating and enhancing its supply chain to align with these objectives.This evaluation spans the entire product life cycle,encompassing design,manufacturing,packaging,distribution,usage,and recycling and disposal processes.Key areas of focus include optimizing raw material selection,improving product recyclability,reducing energy consumption and waste emissions,and minimizing carbon emissions during transportation.Through these endeavors,GWM not only enhances its environmental performance by reducing carbon emissions and resource consumption but also bolsters its brand image and competitiveness in the market.GWM’s dedication to environmental innovation and technological leadership serves as a driving force behind sustainable development and social responsibility within the industry.

Traffic Sign Recognition Based on CNN and Twin Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model

With the progress of deep learning research, convolutional neural networks have become the most important method in feature extraction. How to effectively classify and recognize the extracted features will directly affect the performance of the entire network. Traditional processing methods include classification models such as fully connected network models and support vector machines. In order to solve the problem that the traditional convolutional neural network is prone to over-fitting for the classification of small samples, a CNN-TWSVM hybrid model was proposed by fusing the twin support vector machine (TWSVM) with higher computational efficiency as the CNN classifier, and it was applied to the traffic sign recognition task. In order to improve the generalization ability of the model, the wavelet kernel function is introduced to deal with the nonlinear classification task. The method uses the network initialized from the ImageNet dataset to fine-tune the specific domain and intercept the inner layer of the network to extract the high abstract features of the traffic sign image. Finally, the TWSVM based on wavelet kernel function is used to identify the traffic signs, so as to effectively solve the over-fitting problem of traffic signs classification. On GTSRB and BELGIUMTS datasets, the validity and generalization ability of the improved model is verified by comparing with different kernel functions and different SVM classifiers.

Experimental study of Quercetin self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system in inhibiting SMMC-7721 cells

Objective： To study the mechanism of inhibition of SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells by quercetin self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system （Q-SNEDDS） in vitro. Methods： The inhibitory effect of Q-SNEDDS on hepatoma cells was detected by MTT assay. The effect of Q-SNEDDS on apoptosis of hepatoma cells was detected by flow cytometry. The changes of Q-SNEDDS after hepatoma cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The effect of Q-SNEDDS on the expression of signal tra_nsduction and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） and a_nti-apoptotic factor （survivin） protein in hepatoma cells was examined by Immunohistochemistry. Results： Q-SNEDDS significantly inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. After 24 h of Q-SNEDDS treatment, the total apoptosis rate was 25.8%; STAT3 and survivin protein expression was down-regulated in the Q-SNEDDS group. Conclusion： Q-SNEDDS may play a role in inducing apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of STAT3 and survivin proteins.

骨纤维结构不良恶变的病例对照研究

目的:分析骨纤维结构不良(fibrous dysplasia,FD)恶变的生物学行为,探讨恶变诊断的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析北京积水潭医院2006年3月至2017年3月收拾的FD 394例,病理学证实恶变7例为研究组。根据恶变病例的年龄、部位等流行病学资料,按照1:2配对分析同期FD 14例为对照组。对比临床特点、疼痛VAS评分、病灶大小、影像学特征、血液生化指标、随访肿瘤学结果及功能评分进行统计学分析。结果:FD恶变7例,其中男性3例,女性4例。平均随访时间为175(3～396)个月,恶变后平均随访时间为26(3～51)个月。平均和中位年龄分别为45.6岁和47(24～60)岁,其中股骨6例,胫骨1例。2例为单发病灶,5例为全身多发纤维结构不良,2例为初次手术,5例为复发后确诊,恶变距初次手术间隔平均时间为207(37～377)个月。研究组的疼痛(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)评分较对照组显著增高(Z=-3.317,P=0.001),且研究组术后VAS较术前明显改善(Z=-2.384,P=0.017)。研究组较对照组术前碱性磷酸酶(alkline phosphatase,AKP)对比明显增高(Z=-2.314,P=0.021),术前乳酸脱氢酶(lac-tate dehydrogenase,LDH)(Z=-1.269,P=0.205)两组比较均无显著性差异。研究组术后AKP较术前明显下降(Z=-2.366,P=0.018),术后LDH较术前下降(Z=-2.028,P=0.043)。CT扫描发现研究组增强后CT值明显高于对照组增强后CT值(Z=-3.659,P<0.001)。单因素分析表明术前VAS评分、AKP值、皮质破坏、软组织包块和CT增强值5项因素在判断FD恶变具有临床意义。恶变病理分别为骨肉瘤4例,低级别梭形细胞肉瘤2例,未分化多形性肉瘤1例,3例患者接受辅助化疗,2例出现肺转移,1例死亡。术后功能MSTS评分,对照组平均95.0%±3.9%,功能优于研究组86.0%±10.9%(F=5.689,P=0.029)。结论:FD恶变罕见,术前VAS评分、AKP值、皮质破坏、是否存在软组织包块以及CT增强值有助于临床判断是否恶变;广泛外科边界切除为主要治疗方法。

高效液相色谱法检测发酵液中四氢嘧啶及羟基四氢嘧啶

为实现发酵液样品中四氢嘧啶和羟基四氢嘧啶的分离检测,使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术建立一种测定中度嗜盐菌发酵液中四氢嘧啶及羟基四氢嘧啶含量的方法。使用乙醇抽提法提取样品,采用Vertex^(TM) NH_(2)(4.6×250 mm,5μm)液相色谱柱对中度嗜盐菌发酵液中四氢嘧啶及四氢嘧啶进行了分析,选用紫外(UV)检测器,对比不同检测条件。通过色谱条件优化,选定了70%乙腈作为流动相,柱温30℃,检测波长210 nm,流速0.8 mL/min。发酵液样品中四氢嘧啶和羟基四氢嘧啶在各自范围内线性关系良好,两种样品的平均回收率在99.2%~102%,精密度偏差在1%~2%范围内,检出限为1.5μg/mL,定量限为5μg/mL,分离度为1.70。该方法检测范围大,具有较好的重复性、分离度及稳定性,适用于发酵液中四氢嘧啶及羟基四氢嘧啶的分离检测。

基于UG的混凝土运输车搅拌叶片参数化设计

为提高混凝土运输车的出料性能和搅拌性能,结合搅拌叶片的对数螺旋线参数方程,对Unigraphics NX软件中的UG-OPEN-GRIP模块进行二次开发编程得到搅拌叶片对数螺旋曲线参数化设计。在对螺旋曲线进行光顺性检查后,建立各截面的辅助面并生成叶片曲面。利用尺寸驱动技术,可以方便地对叶片截形进行再修改。

CTRP9对心血管保护作用的研究进展

补体1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白(CTRP)9是CTRP蛋白家族重要成员,与脂联素高度同源,结构相似。近几年发现CTRP9在动脉粥样硬化、缺血性心脏病(IHD)等心血管疾病中作用广泛。除了经典的调节糖脂代谢、调节内皮功能外,最近的研究显示外源性补充CTRP9能够对缺血心肌发挥保护作用,而且CTRP9在心脏局部特异性高表达,可能是一种重要的心脏因子,参与调节心肌局部微环境,发挥心肌保护作用,本文将就CTRP9在心血管保护方面的研究进展进行综述。

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中血清铁蛋白的临床意义

目的探讨弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)中血清铁蛋白(SF)的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2015年7月1日至2017年7月1日郑州大学第一附属医院初治且病例资料完整的50例DLBCL患者的病例资料,用多重线性回归方法分析临床指标对SF的影响,由ROC曲线获得SF临界值。通过χ~2检验分析SF临界值在临床分期、预后分级及治疗前后中比值的差异。结果临床分期是SF的影响因素,通过ROC曲线求得SF的临界值为424 ng/ml。Ann Arbor分期研究显示:Ⅲ~Ⅳ期中SF>424 ng/ml的患者比例为56.25%,高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的11.11%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.780,P<0.05);通过国际预后指数(IPI)所进行的预后分级研究显示:高中危组和高危组中SF>424 ng/ml的患者比例为54.84%,高于低危组和低中危组的15.79%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.484,P<0.05)。初治效果比较:SF≤424 ng/ml患者的缓解率为80.00%,高于SF>424 ng/ml患者的30.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.500,P<0.05)。结论 SF的临界值424 ng/ml在DLBCL的临床分期、预后分级及治疗效果预测中具有重要意义。

Structure and function of the contactin-associated protein family in myelinated axons and their relationship with nerve diseases

The contactin-associated protein （Caspr） family participates in nerve excitation and conduction, and neurotransmitter release in myelinated axons. We analyzed the structures and functions of the Caspr family- CNTNAP1 （Casprl）, CNTNAP2 （Caspr2）, CNTNAP3 （Caspr3）, CNTNAP4 （Caspr4） and CNTNAP5 （Caspr5）, Casprl-5 is not only involved in the formation of myelinated axons, but also participates in maintaining the stability of adjacent connections. Casprl participates in the formation, differentiation, and proliferation of neurons and astrocytes, and in motor control and cognitive function. We also analyzed the relationship between the Caspr family and neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis. However, the effects of Caspr on disease course and prognosis remain poorly understood. The effects of Caspr on disease diagnosis and treatment need further investigation.

Regulating Zn Deposition via an Artificial Solid–Electrolyte Interface with Aligned Dipoles for Long Life Zn Anode

Aqueous zinc ion batteries show prospects for next-generation renewable energy storage devices.However,the practical applications have been limited by the issues derived from Zn anode.As one of serious problems,Zn dendrite growth caused from the uncontrollable Zn deposition is unfavorable.Herein,with the aim to regulate Zn deposition,an artificial solid–electrolyte interface is subtly engineered with a perovskite type material,BaTiO3,which can be polarized,and its polarization could be switched under the external electric field.Resulting from the aligned dipole in BaTiO3 layer,zinc ions could move in order during cycling process.Regulated Zn migration at the anode/electrolyte interface contributes to the even Zn stripping/plating and confined Zn dendrite growth.As a result,the reversible Zn plating/stripping processes for over 2000 h have been achieved at 1 mA cm^(−2) with capacity of 1 mAh cm−2.Furthermore,this anode endowing the electric dipoles shows enhanced cycling stability for aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries.The battery can deliver nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency at 2 Ag^(−1) after 300 cycles.

Mechanistic studies on peroxymonosulfate activation by g-C3N4 under visible light for enhanced oxidation of light-inert dimethyl phthalate

Excitation of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) under visible light can successfully achieve efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS). Synergistic effects and involved mechanism were systematically investigated using a light-inert endocrine disrupting compound, dimethyl phthalate(DMP), as the target pollutant. Under visible light irradiation, DMP could not be degraded by direct g-C3 N4-mediated photocatalysis, while in the presence of PMS, the dominant radicals were converted from ·O2 to SO4·– and ·OH, resulting in effective DMP degradation and mineralization. Results showed that higher dosage of PMS or g-C3 N4 could increase the activation amount of PMS and corresponding DMP degradation efficiency, but the latter approach was more productive in terms of making the most of PMS. High DMP concentration hindered effective contact between PMS and g-C3 N4, but could provide efficient use of PMS. Higher DMP degradation efficiency was achieved at p H lower than the point of zero charge(5.4). Based on intermediates identification, the DMP degradation was found mainly through radical attack(·OH and SO4·–) of the benzene ring and oxidation of the aliphatic chains.

Stabilization of heavy metals in biochar pyrolyzed from phytoremediated giant reed(Arundo donax) biomass

The pyrolysis of phytoremediated giant reed(Arundo donax)biomass could cause secondary pollution of heavy metals.The stabilization of heavy metals in the pyrolysis process with external materials such as Al2O3,CaCO3,FeCl3and NaOH,wasstudied.The results showed that37%As and97%Cd in biochar were stabilized when giant reed powder was pyrolyzed at250°Cwith5%Al2O3for2h.Furthermore,59%Pb in biochar was stabilized at400°C with5%CaCO3for1h.Under biochar produced inoptimized pyrolysis conditions,Cd mainly existed in a residual fraction,while Pb and As mainly existed in oxidizable fraction inBCR analysis.In XRD analysis,As was only found in Ca2As2O7;Cd in biochar mainly existed in Cd(AlCl4)2,CdPbO3or CdSO3;and Pb mainly existed as Pb3O2SO4.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination ofβ-propiolactone in human inactivated rabies vaccine and its hydrolysis analysis

A simple method was established for the determination of β-propiolactone(BPL) in human inactivated rabies vaccine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The determination was performed on an Agilent HP-INNOWAX(30 m ? 0.32 mm i.d., 0.25 mm) capillary column at the temperature of 80 °C.Electrospray ionization(ESI) was used by selective ion detection at m/z 42. The temperature for ESI source and inlet was set at 230 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 25.1 m L/min. The total run time was 8 min. Acetonitrile and other components in the sample did not interfere with the determination of BPL. The results showed good linearity of BPL in the range of0.50–10.01 μg/mL, with the limit of detection and the limit of quantification of 0.015 μg/mL and0.050 μg/mL, respectively. Satisfactory precision was achieved for the current developed method. The method was applied to detect 6 batches of vaccine samples, and the results indicated that the target analyte BPL was present in three batches of unpurified samples, but was not detected in the purified samples, indicating the test samples were qualified. The established method was proved to be simple,versatile and sensitive, which can meet the requirements of quality control of BPL in human inactivated rabies vaccine.

Role of phytochemicals in colorectal cancer prevention

Although the incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC) has been declining in recent decades,it remains a major public health issue as a leading cause of cancer mortality and morbidity worldwide. Prevention is one milestone for this disease. Extensive study has demonstrated that a diet containing fruits,vegetables,and spices has the potential to prevent CRC. The specific constituents in the dietary foods which are responsible for preventing CRC and the possible mechanisms have also been investigated extensively. Various phytochemicals have been identified in fruits,vegetables,and spices which exhibit chemopreventive potential. In this review article,chemopreventive effects of phytochemicals including curcumin,polysaccharides(apple polysaccharides and mushroom glucans),saponins(Paris saponins,ginsenosides and soy saponins),resveratrol,and quercetin on CRC and the mechanisms are discussed. This review proposes the need for more clinical evidence for the effects of phytochemicals against CRC in large trials. The conclusion of the review is that these phytochemicals might be therapeutic candidates in the campaign against CRC.

Novelty phase synthesis mechanism and morphology in resin-bonded Al–Al2O3–TiO2 composites at high temperatures under flowing N2

An Al–AlN core–shell structure is beneficial to the performance of Al–Al2O3 composites. In this paper, the phase evolution and microstructure of Al–Al2O3–TiO2 composites at high temperatures in flowing N2 were investigated after the Al–AlN core–shell structure was created at 853 K for 8 h. The results show that TiO2 can convert Al into Al3Ti(~1685 K), which reduces the content of metal Al and rearranges the structure of the composite. Under N2 conditions, Al3Ti is further transformed into a novelty non-oxide phase, TiCN. The transformation process can be expressed as follows: Al3Ti reacts with C and other carbides(Al4C3 and Al4O4C) to form TiCx(x < 1). As the firing temperature increases, Al3Ti transforms into a liquid phase and produces Ti(g) and TiO(g). Finally, Ti(g) and TiO(g) are nitrided and solid-dissolved into the TiCx crystals to form a TiCN solid solution.