Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this ...Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability and immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli(E. coli).Results: The F18 E. coli infection reduced(P < 0.05) growth performance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased(P < 0.05) diarrhea and transcellular and paracellular permeability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs from d 0 to 5 post-inoculation(PI)(P < 0.05) and d 0 to 11 PI(P = 0.058). Supplementation of high dose of Bacillus subtilis reduced(P < 0.05) both transcellular and paracellular permeability on d 5 and d11 PI compared with the E. coli infected pigs fed with control diet. E. coli infection up-regulated(P < 0.05)the m RNA expression of SLC5 A10(soluble carrier family 5 member 10) and MUC2(mucin 2) on d 5 PI, but down-regulated(P < 0.05) expression of SLC5 A10, MUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa when pigs were fed with the control diet. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5 A10 and MUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. In addition, E. coli infection increased(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of several immune genes(IL1 A, IL1 B, and IL7 on d 5 PI, and IL1 B, IL6, IL7, and TNF on d 11 PI) in the ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis to control diet linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1 A on d 5 PI(P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI(P < 0.05) in ileal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs.Conclusions: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) enhanced growth rate and improved gut barrier function of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.展开更多
文章介绍了美国明尼苏达大学(University of Minnesota)的一项有关仔猪福利方面的研究。此项研究的目的是确定料槽对保育期生长快慢和仔猪行为的影响。保育猪n=192;初始重(7.4±1.6)kg)置于24个圈栏中(每圈8头),其中12个猪圈配备了...文章介绍了美国明尼苏达大学(University of Minnesota)的一项有关仔猪福利方面的研究。此项研究的目的是确定料槽对保育期生长快慢和仔猪行为的影响。保育猪n=192;初始重(7.4±1.6)kg)置于24个圈栏中(每圈8头),其中12个猪圈配备了2个槽口的料槽(另外12个圈配5个槽口料槽)。根据商品猪上市时校正体重,将猪分为生长较慢(SG)和生长较快(FG)两组(SG<105 kg;FG≥105 kg)。进入保育舍后头4 d和第21天对仔猪的行为进行录像记录,9周龄时对96头试验猪进行摄食率测定。研究结果表明,属于SG组的猪用于饮水的时间较FG组要长(P<0.05);与配有2个槽口的相比,属于SG组里配有5个槽口圈栏的猪站或走的时间要少(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,提供更多槽口的喂料器可能有利于改善猪的福利。展开更多
Background:Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp.probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’growth.However,limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp.on weaned...Background:Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp.probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’growth.However,limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp.on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome,and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp.strains(Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539)on growth performance,diarrhea,intestinal health,microbiome,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Results:Pigs in PRO1(Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540)had greater(P<0.05)body weight on d 7 and 14 PI,greater(P<0.05)ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI,compared with pigs in CON(Control).Pigs in PRO1 had milder(P<0.05)diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON.However,no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2(Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539)and CON groups.Supplementation of PRO1 decreased(P<0.05)lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI,compared with CON.Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI.Pigs in PRO2 had greater(P<0.05)goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater(P<0.05)sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON.Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated(P<0.05)MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced(P<0.05)PTGS-2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI,compared with CON.Pigs in PRO1 had reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum.Conclusions:Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance,alleviated diarrhea severity,enhanced gut health,and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18.Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation,it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.展开更多
Background:There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and productivity.The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 t...Background:There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and productivity.The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 type 1antigen oligosaccharides-based polymer(Coligo)on growth performance,diarrhea severity,intestinal health,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),when compared with antibiotics.Results:Pigs in antibiotic carbadox or Coligo treatment groups had greater(P<0.05)body weight on d 5 or d 11post-inoculation(PI)than pigs in the control group,respectively.Supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo enhanced(P<0.05)feed efficiency from d 0 to 5 PI and reduced(P<0.05)frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment,compared with pigs in the control group.Supplementation of antibiotics reduced(P<0.05)fecalβ-hemolytic coliforms on d 2,5,and 8 PI.Pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(P<0.05)neutrophil counts and serum haptoglobin concentration compared to pigs in the control group on d 2 and 5 PI.Pigs in Coligo had reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 5 and 11 PI,whereas pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in spleen on d 11 PI compared with pigs in the control group.On d 5 PI,pigs in the Coligo group had greater(P<0.05)gene expression of ZO1 in jejunal mucosa,but less(P<0.05)m RNA expression of IL1B,IL6,and TNF in ileal mucosa,in comparison with pigs in the control group.Supplementation of antibiotics enhanced(P<0.05)the gene expression of OCLN in jejunal mucosa but decreased(P<0.05)IL1B and IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa,compared with the control.On d 11 PI,supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo up-regulated(P<0.05)gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa,but Coligo reduced(P<0.05)IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa compared to pigs in the control group.Conclusions:Supplementation of Coligo improved growth performance,alleviated diarrhea severity,and enhanced gut health in weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18 in a manner similar to in-feed antibiotics.展开更多
Weaning stress results in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressed performance in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on the growth and health of weaned piglets. Compa...Weaning stress results in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressed performance in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on the growth and health of weaned piglets. Compared with those in the glutamine group, piglets in the glucose and soy oil groups had greater average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain: feed ratio from day 0 to 14, and gain: feed ratio for the overall period. There were no differences with regard to serum amino acids among the three groups on day 14, except glycine and threonine. The serum concentration of histidine, serine, threonine, proline, and cysteine was the highest in the glutamine group, while the content of glycine and lysine in the soy oil group on day 28 was the highest among all groups. Piglets fed with glutamine had greater serum glucose and creatinine on day 14, high-density lipoprotein on day 28, and serum IgG and IgM on day 28. Piglets in the glutamine group demonstrated lower serum total superoxide dismutase on day 14 and 28; however, they demonstrated higher total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the duodenum and ileum on day 14. Weaned pigs supplemented with glucose or soy oil demonstrate better growth performance possibly due to their enhanced feed intake, whereas those supplemented with glutamine may have improved immunity and intestinal oxidative capacity.展开更多
Summary of main observation and conclusion A highly regio-and chemo-selective dimeric Mn⑴-catalyzed hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unbiased internal alkenes with commercially abundant organoboron compounds i...Summary of main observation and conclusion A highly regio-and chemo-selective dimeric Mn⑴-catalyzed hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unbiased internal alkenes with commercially abundant organoboron compounds is reported.A wide range of densely functionalized aliphatic alkenyl amides can successfully undergo site-exclusive hydrocarbofunctionalization in air atmosphere without any exogenous directing auxiliary,affording an enhanced lead library of structurally diverse y-functionalized carboxylic acid derivatives in moderate to good yields.The precise chemoselectivity of the reaction among multiple alkene units even in the presence of reactive terminal alkenes highlights the unique catalytic features of manganese catalyst,and the excellent functional group compatibility of primary amides further complements other transition metals.展开更多
基金supported by Chr.Hansen A/S,Hoersholm,Denmark and the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture,multistate project W3002
文摘Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability and immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli(E. coli).Results: The F18 E. coli infection reduced(P < 0.05) growth performance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased(P < 0.05) diarrhea and transcellular and paracellular permeability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs from d 0 to 5 post-inoculation(PI)(P < 0.05) and d 0 to 11 PI(P = 0.058). Supplementation of high dose of Bacillus subtilis reduced(P < 0.05) both transcellular and paracellular permeability on d 5 and d11 PI compared with the E. coli infected pigs fed with control diet. E. coli infection up-regulated(P < 0.05)the m RNA expression of SLC5 A10(soluble carrier family 5 member 10) and MUC2(mucin 2) on d 5 PI, but down-regulated(P < 0.05) expression of SLC5 A10, MUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa when pigs were fed with the control diet. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5 A10 and MUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. In addition, E. coli infection increased(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of several immune genes(IL1 A, IL1 B, and IL7 on d 5 PI, and IL1 B, IL6, IL7, and TNF on d 11 PI) in the ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis to control diet linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1 A on d 5 PI(P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI(P < 0.05) in ileal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs.Conclusions: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) enhanced growth rate and improved gut barrier function of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.
基金supported by Evonik Nutrition&Care GmbH,Germany and the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture,multistate project W400。
文摘Background:Previous research has shown that dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp.probiotics exerts beneficial effects on animals’growth.However,limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus spp.on weaned pigs and their effects on host gut health and microbiome,and systemic immunity using a disease challenge model.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of two Bacillus spp.strains(Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 and Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539)on growth performance,diarrhea,intestinal health,microbiome,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Results:Pigs in PRO1(Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540)had greater(P<0.05)body weight on d 7 and 14 PI,greater(P<0.05)ADG from d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 14 PI,compared with pigs in CON(Control).Pigs in PRO1 had milder(P<0.05)diarrhea on d 2 and 3 PI compared with pigs in CON.However,no differences were observed in growth performance and diarrhea score between PRO2(Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539)and CON groups.Supplementation of PRO1 decreased(P<0.05)lymphocyte counts on d 7 and 14 PI,compared with CON.Supplementation of PRO1 and PRO2 both reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI.Pigs in PRO2 had greater(P<0.05)goblet cell number and sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater(P<0.05)sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in CON.Supplementation of PRO1 up-regulated(P<0.05)MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa and reduced(P<0.05)PTGS-2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI,compared with CON.Pigs in PRO1 had reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of families Lachnospiraceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and Pasteurellaceae in the ileum.Conclusions:Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improved growth performance,alleviated diarrhea severity,enhanced gut health,and reduced systemic inflammation of weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18.Although Bacillus pumilus DSM 32539 was able to alleviate systemic inflammation,it had limited impacts on growth performance and severity of diarrhea of ETEC F18 challenged weaned pigs.
基金supported by Pancosma SAGenevaSwitzerland and the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA),multistate projects W4002 and NC1202。
文摘Background:There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and productivity.The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 type 1antigen oligosaccharides-based polymer(Coligo)on growth performance,diarrhea severity,intestinal health,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),when compared with antibiotics.Results:Pigs in antibiotic carbadox or Coligo treatment groups had greater(P<0.05)body weight on d 5 or d 11post-inoculation(PI)than pigs in the control group,respectively.Supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo enhanced(P<0.05)feed efficiency from d 0 to 5 PI and reduced(P<0.05)frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment,compared with pigs in the control group.Supplementation of antibiotics reduced(P<0.05)fecalβ-hemolytic coliforms on d 2,5,and 8 PI.Pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(P<0.05)neutrophil counts and serum haptoglobin concentration compared to pigs in the control group on d 2 and 5 PI.Pigs in Coligo had reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 5 and 11 PI,whereas pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in spleen on d 11 PI compared with pigs in the control group.On d 5 PI,pigs in the Coligo group had greater(P<0.05)gene expression of ZO1 in jejunal mucosa,but less(P<0.05)m RNA expression of IL1B,IL6,and TNF in ileal mucosa,in comparison with pigs in the control group.Supplementation of antibiotics enhanced(P<0.05)the gene expression of OCLN in jejunal mucosa but decreased(P<0.05)IL1B and IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa,compared with the control.On d 11 PI,supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo up-regulated(P<0.05)gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa,but Coligo reduced(P<0.05)IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa compared to pigs in the control group.Conclusions:Supplementation of Coligo improved growth performance,alleviated diarrhea severity,and enhanced gut health in weaned pigs infected with ETEC F18 in a manner similar to in-feed antibiotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572420, 31330075)
文摘Weaning stress results in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressed performance in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soy oil, glucose, and glutamine on the growth and health of weaned piglets. Compared with those in the glutamine group, piglets in the glucose and soy oil groups had greater average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain: feed ratio from day 0 to 14, and gain: feed ratio for the overall period. There were no differences with regard to serum amino acids among the three groups on day 14, except glycine and threonine. The serum concentration of histidine, serine, threonine, proline, and cysteine was the highest in the glutamine group, while the content of glycine and lysine in the soy oil group on day 28 was the highest among all groups. Piglets fed with glutamine had greater serum glucose and creatinine on day 14, high-density lipoprotein on day 28, and serum IgG and IgM on day 28. Piglets in the glutamine group demonstrated lower serum total superoxide dismutase on day 14 and 28; however, they demonstrated higher total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the duodenum and ileum on day 14. Weaned pigs supplemented with glucose or soy oil demonstrate better growth performance possibly due to their enhanced feed intake, whereas those supplemented with glutamine may have improved immunity and intestinal oxidative capacity.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971108,21702098 and 21703118)the Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(No.020514380214)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190006)"Innovation&Entrepreneurship Talents Plan"of Jiangsu Province,"Jiangsu Six Peak Talent Project",Shandong Provincial NaturalScience Foundation(No.ZR2017MB038)"1000-Youth Talent Plan"and start-up funds from Nanjing University for financial support.The DFT calculation is supported by High Performance ComputingCenter of Qufu Normal University.We thank Jie Dong and YuboPang to reproduce the products(3a and 3b).
文摘Summary of main observation and conclusion A highly regio-and chemo-selective dimeric Mn⑴-catalyzed hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of unbiased internal alkenes with commercially abundant organoboron compounds is reported.A wide range of densely functionalized aliphatic alkenyl amides can successfully undergo site-exclusive hydrocarbofunctionalization in air atmosphere without any exogenous directing auxiliary,affording an enhanced lead library of structurally diverse y-functionalized carboxylic acid derivatives in moderate to good yields.The precise chemoselectivity of the reaction among multiple alkene units even in the presence of reactive terminal alkenes highlights the unique catalytic features of manganese catalyst,and the excellent functional group compatibility of primary amides further complements other transition metals.
