Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide.Despite significant advances in cancer treatments,the morbidity and mortality are still enormous.Tumor heterogeneity,especially intratumoral heterogeneity,is a significant r...Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide.Despite significant advances in cancer treatments,the morbidity and mortality are still enormous.Tumor heterogeneity,especially intratumoral heterogeneity,is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities,even of molecularly targeted therapies.The development of a virtually noninvasive "liquid biopsy" from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor heterogeneity.This review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile biomarker.ctDNA analysis is an evolving field with many new methods being developed and optimized to be able to successfully extract and analyze ctDNA,which has vast clinical applications.ctDNA has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire tumor.In addition,ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response,while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease,reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of relapse.There are still many challenges that need to be overcome prior to this biomarker getting wide adoption in the clinical world,including optimization,standardization,and large multicenter trials.展开更多
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Many mouse models have been developed to evaluate features of colorectal cancer in humans. These can be grouped into genetically-engineered, chemi...Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Many mouse models have been developed to evaluate features of colorectal cancer in humans. These can be grouped into genetically-engineered, chemically-induced, and inoculated models. However, none recapitulates all of the characteristics of human colorectal cancer. It is critical to use a specific mouse model to address a particular research question. Here, we review commonly used mouse models for human colorectal cancer.展开更多
To foster and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States (US) and China, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA), the National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR),...To foster and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States (US) and China, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA), the National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), and the Asian Fund for Cancer Research (AFCR) have established the USCACA-NFCR/ AFCR Scholarship Program in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Studies. Between 2010 and 2015, 24 junior Chinese cancer researchers and physicians have been recognized by this award for their outstanding achievements in cancer research accomplished both during their training in the US and after their returning to China [1-4]. In 2016, three young researchers were selected on the basis of their significant contributions in translational cancer research.展开更多
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81227901)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2015JZ019)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health(No.R00CA138914)National Natural Science Foundation(No. 81372216)
文摘Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide.Despite significant advances in cancer treatments,the morbidity and mortality are still enormous.Tumor heterogeneity,especially intratumoral heterogeneity,is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities,even of molecularly targeted therapies.The development of a virtually noninvasive "liquid biopsy" from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor heterogeneity.This review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile biomarker.ctDNA analysis is an evolving field with many new methods being developed and optimized to be able to successfully extract and analyze ctDNA,which has vast clinical applications.ctDNA has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire tumor.In addition,ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response,while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease,reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of relapse.There are still many challenges that need to be overcome prior to this biomarker getting wide adoption in the clinical world,including optimization,standardization,and large multicenter trials.
基金sponsored by the NIH/NCI grant K99CA138914 (YT), CA112081 (WY), R01CA02603831an A*STAR Investigator Grant (HPK)
文摘Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Many mouse models have been developed to evaluate features of colorectal cancer in humans. These can be grouped into genetically-engineered, chemically-induced, and inoculated models. However, none recapitulates all of the characteristics of human colorectal cancer. It is critical to use a specific mouse model to address a particular research question. Here, we review commonly used mouse models for human colorectal cancer.
文摘To foster and strengthen collaborations among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States (US) and China, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA), the National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR), and the Asian Fund for Cancer Research (AFCR) have established the USCACA-NFCR/ AFCR Scholarship Program in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Studies. Between 2010 and 2015, 24 junior Chinese cancer researchers and physicians have been recognized by this award for their outstanding achievements in cancer research accomplished both during their training in the US and after their returning to China [1-4]. In 2016, three young researchers were selected on the basis of their significant contributions in translational cancer research.
