论中国宗教考古学

本文阐述了宗教考古的历史及其对宗教学发展的意义,探究了宗教考古学的基本蕴涵、历史与现状以及在社会科学与自然科学之间的跨学科关联。重点对中国宗教考古学学科发展及其价值进行梳理和分析,论述其学科体系的基本构设、研究特色和主要侧重,说明其在文明探源、文明识别上的地位与意义,并指出佛教考古学研究上的成就及其对当代中国宗教考古学发展的引领。

1908年日本在华领事馆“本邦布教者及布教状态”调查研究

1908年11月16日,日本外务省经驻华公使馆向上海总领事馆等22个使领馆下达了一份机密训令,核心内容是要求各领事馆调查辖区内在华布教日人及布教状态,具体包括布教者的年龄、宗派、布教方法、布教经费、信徒数量、地方官民的人缘等内容。这次调查,是晚清中日布教权交涉陷入停滞之际,外务省了解布教实态、决定今后外交政策的重要举措。通过这次调查,日本在华领事们加强了对华传教上的共识,在一定程度上也影响了日本对外传教以及外务省的相关决策。这次调查也再次证明了近代中日布教权交涉中日本宗教的侵略本质。

关于坚持我国宗教中国化方向的若干理论思考

习近平总书记提出的“坚持我国宗教中国化方向”,是中国特色社会主义宗教理论的重大创新,是马克思主义中国化、时代化,在认识和处理我国宗教问题上的光辉典范和具体运用。我国宗教中国化必将给我国新时代中国特色社会主义建设时期的宗教带来重大变革,必将对我国宗教的未来发展产生深远影响。这种重大变革和深远影响,能够与之相提并论的,只有中华人民共和国成立后我国宗教界肃清帝国主义势力、废除封建特权和压迫剥削,实行独立自主自办、民主管理带来的大变革。本文通过考察1949年以来中国特色社会主义宗教理论形成和不断完善的历程,论证坚持我国宗教中国化方向有着深刻的现实背景和深厚的理论基础,深入推进我国宗教中国化必须始终坚持宗教的群众性观点,更好地让我国宗教中国化的理念和实践为广大信教群众所接受和认同。

数字人文视野中的中国民间信仰

田野调查是民间信仰研究的主流方法。受到田野地点的空间束缚,田野调查往往只能对小空间范围内的个别信仰展开研究。这导致在传统路径下,我们很难获得对民间信仰的全局性或整体性认识。随着数字人文技术的勃兴,该文尝试运用这一新的技术工具,探索民间信仰调查研究的两种新路径:一是定性文献的数据库化,二是GIS技术的运用,这些方法在一定程度上弥补了传统调查研究路径的不足,有利于对民间信仰形成全国性的整体认识与分析。

治道与信仰:明初佛道关系与五台山圣地崇拜的历史变迁初探

五台山作为沟通汉、藏、蒙民族联系以及教内显密之间学、修、证的重要圣地,一直以来在僧俗两界都享有极高的声誉。聚焦明洪武时期宗教政策以及永宣之际帝王对涉藏地区等少数民族宗教领袖的封赏、“赐号”以及五台山圣地“赐藏”等行为,揭示明初“治道”与“信仰”之间的历史变迁,阐扬帝王心态与佛道偏好上的差异化。总体而言,明初政治上谋求“远迈汉唐、参酌宋制”的宏图经权与宗教治理上对佛道二藏经典的接力重整,以及同一佛教圣地不同教派之间法、人、地的共情与兼容,对当下推进中华大佛教观视域下宗教内部和谐治理具有一定的历史启示。

习近平关于无神论宣传教育重要论述的科学内涵、原创性贡献与实践要求

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记就加强和改进无神论宣传教育作出系列重要论述。深入研究习近平关于无神论宣传教育重要论述,首要的是领会其科学内涵,认识其价值意蕴在于巩固全党全国人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础,主要内容在于开展科学世界观、马克思主义唯物论和无神论宣传教育。其次是深入总结其原创性贡献,掌握其丰富和发展新时代党的宗教工作理论的理论贡献,开辟新时代马克思主义无神论宣传教育新局面的实践贡献。最后,全面贯彻其实践要求,把握好宗教信仰自由与意识形态斗争的辩证关系,既有针对性地开展马克思主义无神论宣传教育,又不断加强马克思主义无神论及其宣传教育的基础理论研究,为深入实践提供理论支撑。

A Study on the Educational Significance Guidance Plan Value of the Jumong Myth Using STEAM

Jumong is a legendary figure in Korean mythology.He is depicted as a genius archer,a brilliant mind with horses,a god who rules the rivers and the sky.Jumong is a mythical character who is believed to be of divine descent and to possess superhuman abilities that humans cannot match.The myth of Jumong is a very competitive content that can compete on a global scale.However,in order for it to be successful,it is necessary to be able to reinterpret our mythology to suit the times and reproduce it culturally.To this end,the realistic globalization of Korean classical literature should commence with the genre of Korean mythology.This paper presents the educational significance of the Jumong myth as a teaching-learning model,via STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics),on the theme of Korean mythology.As we enter the era of artificial intelligence(AI)through the 4th Industrial Revolution,the most appropriate teaching and learning method,the convergence class,will provide an opportunity for students living in modern times to discover the cultural archetypes that allow them to recognise themselves as individuals and us as a collective,and to find the roots of the myth to positively renew their identity.Furthermore,it is my hope that they will rediscover and appreciate the representative work of Korean mythology,Gojomong,the eponymous story of Goguryeo.

The Meaning Composition of Chinese Calligraphy Sign

This paper clarifies the composition of meaning in the art of Chinese calligraphy on the basis of American semiotician Charles Morris’s three divisions of sign,namely,“Syntactics,Semantics,Pragmatics”.The syntactical dimension of Chinese calligraphy sign is the artistic meaning of the form of Chinese character.“Semantical dimension”refers to semantic referents of linguistic signs and their literary significance,“pragmatical dimension”refers to the use and interpretation of calligraphy.The study of the three dimensions of meaning in Chinese calligraphy reveals a complex and unique composition of sign meaning.Chinese calligraphy deforms the structure and form of Chinese characters while retaining their semantic invariance.In this way,calligraphy acquires more practical semantic and symbolic meanings through the carrier of Chinese characters which are also linguistic symbols at the same time.Chinese calligraphy is dominated by the meaning of sign forms,taking into account the linguistic reference and the use of sign,and the three dimensions of meaning interact and promote each other,building a dynamic and multidimensional space of sign meaning.

From Ancient Rituals to Modern Spirituality:The Evolution and Personalization of Religious Experience

This paper explores the evolution of religious experience from ancient nature worship and ancestor reverence to modern individualized spirituality.It examines how early spiritual practices were deeply intertwined with daily life,later becoming institutionalized through formalized religions with complex rituals and doctrines.The rise of mysticism,emphasizing personal connections with the divine,persisted alongside institutional religions.In contemporary society,the shift towards"spiritual but not religious"reflects a return to personalized spiritual paths,driven by individualism and the desire for direct,meaningful spiritual experiences.This trend's implications for both individuals and society are also discussed.

Giorgio Vasari’s A Bride with a Rake:A Mythological Pun

Giorgio Vasari’s educational background and association with Renaissance humanists engendered his familiarity with the texts and imagery of classical,emblematic,and mythographic traditions.Vasari’s composition of images as a compendium of iconography for a decorative program was in the vein of the literary practices of Andrea Alciato(1482-1550),Pierio Valeriano(1477-1558),and Vincenzo Cartari(1531-1590),and followed Paolo Giovio’s advice on how to depict an emblematic image or impresa1(Giovio,1559,p.9).For Giovio(1483-1552),an impresa or badge must contain a figure and motto,its meaning should be clear and precise,the imagery must be pleasant to look at,and the motto must be brief,inventive,and unambiguous.But sometimes Vasari did not follow his advice,relying more on the Renaissance Neoplatonic notion of a concept postulated by the Florentine philosopher Marsilio Ficino(1433-1499).In De vita coelitus comparanda(How Life Should Be Arranged According to the Heavens)2(Ficino,1489;1561-1563;1996,pp.7-19;Kerrigan&Braden,1989,pp.101-115).Ficino discusses the use and the magic potency of images by deliberating on the virtue of imagery,what power pertains to the figure in the Heavens and on Earth,which of the heavenly configurations are impressed on images by the ancients,and how the images are employed in antiquity3(Gombrich,1972,p.172;Chastel,1996,pp.81-89;Moore,1990,p.20,137,181;Bull,2006,pp.7-36).Vasari assimilated these concepts visually in the fresco painting of the Bride with a Rake(1548),located in one of the rooms in his house in Arezzo,the Chamber of Fortune(Chamber of Virtue),where he composed a paradoxical iconographic image-the subject of this essay.This essay is composed of two parts:an introduction to the location of the painting in the Casa Vasari in Arezzo and an iconographical and iconological interpretation of the imagery.

Chinese Culture,Classical Philosophy,and the Cultivation of Life

This paper explores the intricate relationship between Chinese culture and the nation’s rise,emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural education in fostering a robust national spirit and civilization.Drawing from classical Chinese texts and contemporary philosophical insights,the study examines how cultural virtues and educational practices can lead to societal harmony,national rejuvenation,and global contributions.The analysis highlights the enduring relevance of Confucian principles and their potential to address modern challenges,advocating for a renewed focus on cultural education to achieve a prosperous and peaceful world.Additionally,it underscores the necessity of integrating traditional values with modern educational practices to create a holistic approach that fosters ethical leadership and global cooperation.

Moral Perspective as Depicted in the Archetypes on Divine-Human Perspective of Dianshizhai Pictorial

This article examines the archetypes related to the divine-human perspective in the Dianshizhai Pictorial and uses the basic theory of“Myth-Archetype Criticism”to analyze the concepts of moral perspective and the view of cause and effect reflected in the text.It summarizes the interactive modes and various archetypes of cause and effect in three contexts:gods to humans,humans to gods,and humans to humans,explores the social reality and the relevant views of moral perspective and causality reflected in the illustrated magazine,and reveals the archetype foundation of the narrative of moral perspective retribution in Dianshizhai Pictorial in the three dimensions of psychology,literature,and society.

The Islamic Studies in China:Research in the Field of History

A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.

The Classic Shaping of Typical Female Images by Mulan Motif in Historical Times-Historical Review and Textual Sorting of the Motif

The image of Mulan is well known to the public as an important symbol in the dissemination of Chinese excellent traditional culture.This paper aims to summarise the mother-title from traditional canonical texts,to explore the content and value of sustainable IP development,and to study a large number of derivatives with the image of Mulan as the mother-title,based on the wide circulation of the prototype of the mother-title“The Poem of Mulan”(木兰辞)and the positive values conveyed by the content.Through the processing and imagination of scholars and writers on the mother text in the past generations,the image of Mulan has gradually formed a relatively stable cultural communication theme in the process of dissemination in China’s historical period,and many adaptations with international influence based on the mother title of Mulan have emerged in the foreign dissemination,so through the combing and summarisation of the textual works of various periods both at home and abroad,we will dig out the textual transmission of the mother title of Mulan,which is representative of the mother title of China’s excellent traditional culture,and the development of the Chinese spiritual core.The Development of the Chinese Spiritual Kernel.This paper adopts research methods such as documentary evidence method and discourse analysis to show the textual flow of Mulan’s parent theme in a more diversified form.

Research on Evaluation of Spatial Vitality and Influencing Factors of Guesthouses Public Areas Based on Rural Tourism Development

In recent years,China has continued to promote the strategy of rural revitalization.The rural tourism industry has developed rapidly in the context of rural revitalization.Now the rural B&B industry has become an important pillar in solving the problem of rural tourism accommodation.Most of the villages in China have begun to carry out the construction of rural lodging,for example,there are residents who use idle houses to carry out construction on their own initiative and projects developed by village collectives,so the rural lodging industry has been vigorously developed.The vitality of supporting industries and landscape resources around the distribution of rural lodging has become a hot spot of rural issues research in recent years.Therefore,we can use the method of data analysis to analyze the industry and function of the public area around the distribution of rural B&B.Through the comparison of data and the interpretation of related cases,the core elements affecting the spatial vitality of B&B public areas can be identified.We will analyze and improve the related elements to find a reasonable way to enhance the spatial vitality value.Finally,the article will put forward suggestions to improve the related spatial vitality as a way to promote the development of rural B&B industry and the progress of rural tourism.

Human-Machine Symbiosis:Philosophical Reflection on Virtual Human

Virtual human is the simulation of human under the synthesis of virtual reality,artificial intelligence,and other technologies.Modern virtual human technology simulates both the external characteristics and the internal emotions and personality of humans.The relationship between virtual human and human is a concrete expression of the modern symbiotic relationship between human and machine.This human-machine symbiosis can either be a fusion of the virtual human and the human or it can cause a split in the human itself.

Writing AIDS,Deconstructing Politicized Discourses on the Body:AIDS in Post-apartheid South African Novels by Mpe and Mhlongo

HIV/AIDS has been one of the most serious health concerns in South Africa over the past 30 years.Novels such as Welcome to Our Hillbrow,Dog Eat Dog,and After Tears are literary responses to the profound shame and fear inflicted by the epidemic on individuals and society.These AIDS narratives serve as a means to deconstruct politicized discourses about the disease.They scrutinize the stereotype that the voracious sexuality of black men is the primary cause of AIDS and challenges the xenophobic notion of contagious foreigners prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa.Additionally,the novels critically examine and satirize the denialist discourse propagated by incompetent politicians who have failed to contain the virus in post-apartheid South Africa.By representing the conflicting voices surrounding HIV/AIDS,these writings vividly depict the social and political landscape of the era.

African Francophone Literature in China

This paper delves into the current landscape of African Francophone literature in China.It begins by tracing the history of the French language in Africa and the emergence and development of African Francophone literature,and then provides an overview of the research achievements of African Francophone literature in China,including monographs,translated literary works and academic papers,highlighting the translation and research on the key African Francophone writers.

Auditory Narrative in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon

This article primarily explores the centrality of sound and listening in Toni Morrison’s literary text.Drawing on theories on sound cultural studies,narratology,and cultural identity,this essay analyzes Morrison’s representation of sound and its significance on characterization,plot,and theme in Song of Solomon.Morrison’s literary sounds-voices of oral storytelling,the sound of music,and the protagonist Milkman Dead’s listening experiences are deeply rooted in African American sound culture.A close analysis of her sound writing in Song of Solomon helps to give the reader a glimpse of the soundscape of African American culture as well as the vital role listening plays in African American survival,endurance,and cultural identification.

境外宗教渗透进高校的四重审思

境外宗教渗透进高校严重破坏我国高等教育事业的健康发展,但任何形式的境外宗教渗透进高校都离不开渗透主体、渗透客体和渗透介体这三个核心要素的相互作用。为了更好防范和抵御境外宗教渗透进高校,从谁来渗透、渗透给谁、如何渗透三个维度,对境外宗教渗透进高校的主体、客体、介体进行辩证审思;再从何以应对这一维度,审思高校反境外宗教渗透的对策。当前,境外宗教渗透进高校的主体主要为境外宗教组织和境外敌对势力等;客体主要包括高校大学生、专任教师和管理服务人员;介体画像多样,呈现三个特点。高校反境外宗教渗透的对策是构建对渗透主体的精准识别机制,加强对渗透客体的系统深入教育,完善对渗透介体的综合监管体系。