The post-war reconstruction in Afghanistan is going on smoothly within the framework of the Bonn Agreement, and the country has come back to normal as far as the appearance goes. However, with foreign involvement, eco...The post-war reconstruction in Afghanistan is going on smoothly within the framework of the Bonn Agreement, and the country has come back to normal as far as the appearance goes. However, with foreign involvement, economic recovery has lagged behind the political reconstruction. Worse still, the Afghan government is now facing a series of challenges including worse situation, revival of warlords, drug economy, poverty and political corruption, etc. Besides, the negative impacts of over-dependence on the United States are now gradually revealing themselves, and uncertainties lie ahead.展开更多
From the Belt and Road Initiative to Afghanistan’s present security situation,China has been instrumental in having cordial and close relations with regional countries.During the Cold War,China never supported the ex...From the Belt and Road Initiative to Afghanistan’s present security situation,China has been instrumental in having cordial and close relations with regional countries.During the Cold War,China never supported the expansionist policy of the Soviet Union and even condemned the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.Also,China has never sought direct engagement with Afghan Mujahedeen;instead,it prefers an indirect approach either through Pakistan or the US for peace in Afghanistan.China’s policy of non-interference in Afghanistan’s foreign policy continued till the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001.China has been cautious about its participation in the Afghan peace process,and always puts peace as the topmost priority.An explanation for such a cautious approach with Afghanistan may be the existence of a terrorist network between ISIS in Khurasan,the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan(IMU),the East Turkistan Islamic Movement,the Haqqani Network,al-Qaeda,and ISIS,which secretly supports Islamic militancy in the Uighur population.展开更多
Afghanistan is an important country for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road（the Belt and Road） proposed by China. Due to years of war,Afghanistan is not well-developed economically. ...Afghanistan is an important country for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road（the Belt and Road） proposed by China. Due to years of war,Afghanistan is not well-developed economically. However,Afghanistan has abundant mineral resources and unique geographical advantages that are of far-reaching significance for Chinese economic strategic development. To investigate the sustainability of the eco-economic system of Afghanistan,we completed a quantitative evaluation of the emergy of Afghanistan during the period 2008 to 2015 by establishing an indicator system based on an emergy analysis. Results showed that from 2008 to 2015,the total emergy used of Afghanistan increased from 5.56×10^（22） sej to 9.75×10^（22） sej,among which the proportion of non-renewable emergy was less than 25.7%. This indicates that local resources in Afghanistan have yet to be exploited and utilized effectively and that its economic development relied heavily on the input of external resources. Meanwhile,the Emergy Sustainability Index（ESI） of Afghanistan from 2008 to 2015 dropped from 3.00 to 0.72,the Environmental Loading Ratio（ELR） increased from 0.77 to 2.06,and the Emergy Yield Ratio（EYR） dropped from 2.31 to 1.49,reflecting the imbalanced utilization of resources and the low level of economic development in Afghanistan. As a result,the potential for sustainable development of Afghanistan is relatively great. Basic infrastructure construction and reasonable exploitation of natural resources are the urgent needs.展开更多
文摘The post-war reconstruction in Afghanistan is going on smoothly within the framework of the Bonn Agreement, and the country has come back to normal as far as the appearance goes. However, with foreign involvement, economic recovery has lagged behind the political reconstruction. Worse still, the Afghan government is now facing a series of challenges including worse situation, revival of warlords, drug economy, poverty and political corruption, etc. Besides, the negative impacts of over-dependence on the United States are now gradually revealing themselves, and uncertainties lie ahead.
文摘From the Belt and Road Initiative to Afghanistan’s present security situation,China has been instrumental in having cordial and close relations with regional countries.During the Cold War,China never supported the expansionist policy of the Soviet Union and even condemned the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.Also,China has never sought direct engagement with Afghan Mujahedeen;instead,it prefers an indirect approach either through Pakistan or the US for peace in Afghanistan.China’s policy of non-interference in Afghanistan’s foreign policy continued till the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001.China has been cautious about its participation in the Afghan peace process,and always puts peace as the topmost priority.An explanation for such a cautious approach with Afghanistan may be the existence of a terrorist network between ISIS in Khurasan,the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan(IMU),the East Turkistan Islamic Movement,the Haqqani Network,al-Qaeda,and ISIS,which secretly supports Islamic militancy in the Uighur population.
基金The International Fellowship Initiative in the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017VP05)
文摘Afghanistan is an important country for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road（the Belt and Road） proposed by China. Due to years of war,Afghanistan is not well-developed economically. However,Afghanistan has abundant mineral resources and unique geographical advantages that are of far-reaching significance for Chinese economic strategic development. To investigate the sustainability of the eco-economic system of Afghanistan,we completed a quantitative evaluation of the emergy of Afghanistan during the period 2008 to 2015 by establishing an indicator system based on an emergy analysis. Results showed that from 2008 to 2015,the total emergy used of Afghanistan increased from 5.56×10^（22） sej to 9.75×10^（22） sej,among which the proportion of non-renewable emergy was less than 25.7%. This indicates that local resources in Afghanistan have yet to be exploited and utilized effectively and that its economic development relied heavily on the input of external resources. Meanwhile,the Emergy Sustainability Index（ESI） of Afghanistan from 2008 to 2015 dropped from 3.00 to 0.72,the Environmental Loading Ratio（ELR） increased from 0.77 to 2.06,and the Emergy Yield Ratio（EYR） dropped from 2.31 to 1.49,reflecting the imbalanced utilization of resources and the low level of economic development in Afghanistan. As a result,the potential for sustainable development of Afghanistan is relatively great. Basic infrastructure construction and reasonable exploitation of natural resources are the urgent needs.
