Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ...Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment method.Methods:An ecological study design was employed.We collected data about global uniform practices using an online survey.We searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance studies.Study selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were accurate.We calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each country.Linear regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured data.Results:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary finding.From initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compliance with physical activity guidelines among all genders(median:16.0%,interquartile range:13.2%-19.9%,N=103) compared to generally non-uniform countries/regions(median:19.5%,interquartile range:16.4%-23.5 %,N=32)(z=3.04,p=0.002).(N=countries,regions and studies repre sented;n=sample size or participants included).Conclusion:School uniforms are associated with greater gender inequalities in physical activity in primary school settings and in high-income countries.Our population-level findings warrant testing using individual-level data across contexts.展开更多
[目的]探究不同形式运动后执行功能的变化以及肌肉血氧等因素与执行功能之间的相关关系。[方法]共计15名受试者分别完成两种运动形式共三次运动方案,分别为力量练习方案(60%RM)、耐力练习方案(50%-60%最大心率)和间歇跑练习方案(70%-80...[目的]探究不同形式运动后执行功能的变化以及肌肉血氧等因素与执行功能之间的相关关系。[方法]共计15名受试者分别完成两种运动形式共三次运动方案,分别为力量练习方案(60%RM)、耐力练习方案(50%-60%最大心率)和间歇跑练习方案(70%-80%最大心率),运动后即刻采用连线测试(Trail Making Test,TMT)、亮点闪烁仪(Flashing Highlights Test,FH)以及血氧饱和度测试仪(Oxygen to See Tester)进行相关指标测试。[结果]与安静状态下相比,三种运动方案完成后选择注意力与执行功能出现明显提高(P<0.05),完成力量练习方案与耐力练习方案两者相比未出现显著变化(P>0.05),同时完成间歇跑练习方案后选择注意力与执行功能相比另外两种练习方案提高更为明显(P<0.05)。[结论]不同运动形式会显著影响青年男性执行功能,而高强度间歇跑练习对于提高青年男性执行功能的效果更为显著,同时血液循环对于执行功能改变无影响。展开更多
基金supported by the Economic and Social Research Council(ES/P000738/1)the Medical Research Council(MC_UU_00006/5)the University of Cambridge,and the National Health and Medical Research Council(GS2000053).
文摘Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment method.Methods:An ecological study design was employed.We collected data about global uniform practices using an online survey.We searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance studies.Study selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were accurate.We calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each country.Linear regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured data.Results:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary finding.From initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compliance with physical activity guidelines among all genders(median:16.0%,interquartile range:13.2%-19.9%,N=103) compared to generally non-uniform countries/regions(median:19.5%,interquartile range:16.4%-23.5 %,N=32)(z=3.04,p=0.002).(N=countries,regions and studies repre sented;n=sample size or participants included).Conclusion:School uniforms are associated with greater gender inequalities in physical activity in primary school settings and in high-income countries.Our population-level findings warrant testing using individual-level data across contexts.
文摘[目的]探究不同形式运动后执行功能的变化以及肌肉血氧等因素与执行功能之间的相关关系。[方法]共计15名受试者分别完成两种运动形式共三次运动方案,分别为力量练习方案(60%RM)、耐力练习方案(50%-60%最大心率)和间歇跑练习方案(70%-80%最大心率),运动后即刻采用连线测试(Trail Making Test,TMT)、亮点闪烁仪(Flashing Highlights Test,FH)以及血氧饱和度测试仪(Oxygen to See Tester)进行相关指标测试。[结果]与安静状态下相比,三种运动方案完成后选择注意力与执行功能出现明显提高(P<0.05),完成力量练习方案与耐力练习方案两者相比未出现显著变化(P>0.05),同时完成间歇跑练习方案后选择注意力与执行功能相比另外两种练习方案提高更为明显(P<0.05)。[结论]不同运动形式会显著影响青年男性执行功能,而高强度间歇跑练习对于提高青年男性执行功能的效果更为显著,同时血液循环对于执行功能改变无影响。
