A distinct optical emission from the Rh203 （Ⅱ） structural sapphire is observed under shock compression of 125, 132, and 143 GPa. The emission intensity continuously increases with the thickness of shocked sapphire....A distinct optical emission from the Rh203 （Ⅱ） structural sapphire is observed under shock compression of 125, 132, and 143 GPa. The emission intensity continuously increases with the thickness of shocked sapphire. The colour temperature is determined to be about 4000 K, which is obviously smaller than the reported value of the alpha phase alumina at the pressures below 80 GPa. The present results suggest that the structural transformation will cause an obvious change of optical property in sapphire.展开更多
The addition of nanoparticles into liquid,even at low concentrations,leads to an increase in both,dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity.Furthermore,the increase in temperature causes an increase in thermal conduc...The addition of nanoparticles into liquid,even at low concentrations,leads to an increase in both,dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity.Furthermore,the increase in temperature causes an increase in thermal conductivity and a decrease in the nanofluid viscosity.In this context,a numerical investigation of the competition between viscosity and thermal conductivity about their effects on heat transfer by Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid was conducted.A numerical study of heat transfer in a square cavity,filled with Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid and heated from the left side,was presented in this paper.Continuity,momentum,and thermal energy equations are solved by the finite volume method.Regarding the pressure-velocity coupling,the SIMPLER algorithm was used.The working conditions,allowing the increase of heat transfer,are established.In addition,two correlations for viscosity and thermal conductivity of Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid as functions of the concentration and diameter size based on experimental measurement are proposed.These correlations were more precisely compared to those given by the theoretical models.Moreover,other models for viscosity and conductivity depending on temperature are used and discussed.The results reveal that heat transfer by Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid is enhanced only when the temperature exceeds 40℃ and the diameter size does not exceed a certain limit of the order of 45-50 nm depending on temperature.展开更多
Heat transfer and entropy generation of developing laminar forced convection flow of water-Al_2O_3 nanofluid in a concentric annulus with constant heat flux on the walls is investigated numerically. In order to determ...Heat transfer and entropy generation of developing laminar forced convection flow of water-Al_2O_3 nanofluid in a concentric annulus with constant heat flux on the walls is investigated numerically. In order to determine entropy generation of fully developed flow, two approaches are employed and it is shown that only one of these methods can provide appropriate results for flow inside annuli. The effects of concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number and thermal boundaries on heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation of developing laminar flow inside annuli with different radius ratios and same cross sectional areas are studied. The results show that radius ratio is a very important decision parameter of an annular heat exchanger such that in each Re, there is an optimum radius ratio to maximize Nu and minimize entropy generation. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles concentration on heat transfer enhancement and minimizing entropy generation is stronger at higher Reynolds.展开更多
The characteristics of heat transfer in the three-dimensional stagnationpoint flow past a stretching/shrinking surface of the Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid with anisotropic slip are investigated.The partial differenti...The characteristics of heat transfer in the three-dimensional stagnationpoint flow past a stretching/shrinking surface of the Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid with anisotropic slip are investigated.The partial differential equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations by valid similarity transformations.The simplified mathematical model is solved computationally by the bvp4c approach in the MATLAB operating system.This solving method is capable of generating more than one solutions when suitable initial guesses are proposed.The results are proven to have dual solutions,which consequently lead to the application of a stability analysis that verifies the achievability of the first solution.The findings reveal infinite values of the dual solutions at several measured parameters causing the non-appearance of the turning points and the critical values.The skin friction increases with the addition of nanoparticles,while the escalation of the anisotropic slip effect causes a reduction in the heat transfer rate.展开更多
We consider the combined effect of the magnetic field and heat transfer inside a square cavity containing a hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al2O3-water).The upper and bottom walls of the cavity have a wavy shape.The temperature o...We consider the combined effect of the magnetic field and heat transfer inside a square cavity containing a hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al2O3-water).The upper and bottom walls of the cavity have a wavy shape.The temperature of the vertical walls is lower,the third part in the middle of the bottom wall is kept at a constant higher temperature,and the remaining parts of the bottom wall and the upper wall are thermally insulated.The magnetic field is applied under the angleγ,an opposite clockwise direction.For the numerical simulation,the finite element technique is employed.The ranges of the characteristics are as follows:the Rayleigh number(10^3≤Ra≤10^5),the Hartmann number(0≤Ha≤100),the nanoparticle hybrid concentration(ϕAl2O3,ϕCu=0,0.025,0.05),the magnetic field orientation(0≤γ≤2π),and the Prandtl number Pr,the amplitude of wavy cavity A,and the number of waviness n are fixed at Pr=7,A=0.1,and n=3,respectively.The comparison with a reported finding in the open literature is done,and the data are observed to be in very good agreement.The effects of the governing parameters on the energy transport and fluid flow parameters are studied.The results prove that the increment of the magnetic influence determines the decrease of the energy transference because the conduction motion dominates the fluid movement.When the Rayleigh number is raised,the Nusselt number is increased,too.For moderate Rayleigh numbers,the maximum ratio of the heat transfer takes place for the hybrid nanofluid and then the Cu-nanofluid,followed by the Al2O3-nanofluid.The nature of motion and energy transport parameters has been scrutinized.展开更多
The heat transfer of Homann flow in the stagnation region of the Al2 O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid is investigated by adopting the Tiwari-Das model over a cylindrical disk.The effects of the nanoparticle shape,the visc...The heat transfer of Homann flow in the stagnation region of the Al2 O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid is investigated by adopting the Tiwari-Das model over a cylindrical disk.The effects of the nanoparticle shape,the viscous dissipation,and the nonlinear radiation are considered.The governing equations are obtained by using similarity transformations,and the numerical outcomes for the flow and the temperature field are noted by bvp4 c on MATLAB.The numerical solutions of the flow field are compared with the asymptotic behaviors of large shear-to-strain-rate ratio.The effects of variations of parameters involved are inspected for both nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid flows,temperature profiles,local Nusselt numbers,and skin frictions.It is concluded that the velocity and temperature fields in the hybrid nanophase function more rapidly than those in the nanofluid phase.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Shock Physics and Detonation Physics of CAEP under Contract No 51478030404QT2201. The authors thank Professor Jing Fuqian for helpful discussions and Xue Xuedong and Zhang Minjian for experiment assistance.
文摘A distinct optical emission from the Rh203 （Ⅱ） structural sapphire is observed under shock compression of 125, 132, and 143 GPa. The emission intensity continuously increases with the thickness of shocked sapphire. The colour temperature is determined to be about 4000 K, which is obviously smaller than the reported value of the alpha phase alumina at the pressures below 80 GPa. The present results suggest that the structural transformation will cause an obvious change of optical property in sapphire.
文摘The addition of nanoparticles into liquid,even at low concentrations,leads to an increase in both,dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity.Furthermore,the increase in temperature causes an increase in thermal conductivity and a decrease in the nanofluid viscosity.In this context,a numerical investigation of the competition between viscosity and thermal conductivity about their effects on heat transfer by Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid was conducted.A numerical study of heat transfer in a square cavity,filled with Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid and heated from the left side,was presented in this paper.Continuity,momentum,and thermal energy equations are solved by the finite volume method.Regarding the pressure-velocity coupling,the SIMPLER algorithm was used.The working conditions,allowing the increase of heat transfer,are established.In addition,two correlations for viscosity and thermal conductivity of Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid as functions of the concentration and diameter size based on experimental measurement are proposed.These correlations were more precisely compared to those given by the theoretical models.Moreover,other models for viscosity and conductivity depending on temperature are used and discussed.The results reveal that heat transfer by Al_(2)O_(3)-water nanofluid is enhanced only when the temperature exceeds 40℃ and the diameter size does not exceed a certain limit of the order of 45-50 nm depending on temperature.
文摘Heat transfer and entropy generation of developing laminar forced convection flow of water-Al_2O_3 nanofluid in a concentric annulus with constant heat flux on the walls is investigated numerically. In order to determine entropy generation of fully developed flow, two approaches are employed and it is shown that only one of these methods can provide appropriate results for flow inside annuli. The effects of concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number and thermal boundaries on heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation of developing laminar flow inside annuli with different radius ratios and same cross sectional areas are studied. The results show that radius ratio is a very important decision parameter of an annular heat exchanger such that in each Re, there is an optimum radius ratio to maximize Nu and minimize entropy generation. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles concentration on heat transfer enhancement and minimizing entropy generation is stronger at higher Reynolds.
文摘The characteristics of heat transfer in the three-dimensional stagnationpoint flow past a stretching/shrinking surface of the Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid with anisotropic slip are investigated.The partial differential equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations by valid similarity transformations.The simplified mathematical model is solved computationally by the bvp4c approach in the MATLAB operating system.This solving method is capable of generating more than one solutions when suitable initial guesses are proposed.The results are proven to have dual solutions,which consequently lead to the application of a stability analysis that verifies the achievability of the first solution.The findings reveal infinite values of the dual solutions at several measured parameters causing the non-appearance of the turning points and the critical values.The skin friction increases with the addition of nanoparticles,while the escalation of the anisotropic slip effect causes a reduction in the heat transfer rate.
文摘We consider the combined effect of the magnetic field and heat transfer inside a square cavity containing a hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al2O3-water).The upper and bottom walls of the cavity have a wavy shape.The temperature of the vertical walls is lower,the third part in the middle of the bottom wall is kept at a constant higher temperature,and the remaining parts of the bottom wall and the upper wall are thermally insulated.The magnetic field is applied under the angleγ,an opposite clockwise direction.For the numerical simulation,the finite element technique is employed.The ranges of the characteristics are as follows:the Rayleigh number(10^3≤Ra≤10^5),the Hartmann number(0≤Ha≤100),the nanoparticle hybrid concentration(ϕAl2O3,ϕCu=0,0.025,0.05),the magnetic field orientation(0≤γ≤2π),and the Prandtl number Pr,the amplitude of wavy cavity A,and the number of waviness n are fixed at Pr=7,A=0.1,and n=3,respectively.The comparison with a reported finding in the open literature is done,and the data are observed to be in very good agreement.The effects of the governing parameters on the energy transport and fluid flow parameters are studied.The results prove that the increment of the magnetic influence determines the decrease of the energy transference because the conduction motion dominates the fluid movement.When the Rayleigh number is raised,the Nusselt number is increased,too.For moderate Rayleigh numbers,the maximum ratio of the heat transfer takes place for the hybrid nanofluid and then the Cu-nanofluid,followed by the Al2O3-nanofluid.The nature of motion and energy transport parameters has been scrutinized.
文摘The heat transfer of Homann flow in the stagnation region of the Al2 O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid is investigated by adopting the Tiwari-Das model over a cylindrical disk.The effects of the nanoparticle shape,the viscous dissipation,and the nonlinear radiation are considered.The governing equations are obtained by using similarity transformations,and the numerical outcomes for the flow and the temperature field are noted by bvp4 c on MATLAB.The numerical solutions of the flow field are compared with the asymptotic behaviors of large shear-to-strain-rate ratio.The effects of variations of parameters involved are inspected for both nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid flows,temperature profiles,local Nusselt numbers,and skin frictions.It is concluded that the velocity and temperature fields in the hybrid nanophase function more rapidly than those in the nanofluid phase.
