混合表面活性剂的表面活性及加溶能力

The surface activity of the mixture, formed by sodium dodecylpoly oxyethylene sulfate (C12E7S) and dodecyltrihydroxyethylammonium chloride (C12NE), is much higher than that of the single one. The interaction between C12E7S and C12NE is very strong. The aquepus solution of C12E7S-C12NE is homogeneous. The solubilization of 1-pentanol by the aquous solutipn of C12E7S-C12NE is decrease when the mixed ratio approach 1∶1 and the solubilized curve is "V" type, in which the lowest solubilization is only about one third of the single one’s. The solubilization curve of n-hexane shows the maximum when the mixed ratio approach 1∶1.

中美日海洋执法机构的组织架构对比

海上执法机构是海洋执法和管理的核心力量,目前我国海上执法机构正处于体制建设的初期阶段,逐步由分散型海洋管理模式向综合型模式转变。为促进我国海上执法机构的体制完善,提升我国海上执法效能,本文整理和对比分析了中国、美国及日本海上执法机构的组织结构。同时,结合美日海洋执法机构相对成熟组织架构,从执法依据及教育培养两方面,提出了我国海上执法机构的发展建议。