[目的]文章旨在研究空中风力发电系统(Airborne Wind Energy System,AWES)的测风需求及设备选型。[方法]以某空中风力发电示范工程为依托,开展测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的对比观测试验,并对数据获取率、垂直廓线特征和时间变化特征进行...[目的]文章旨在研究空中风力发电系统(Airborne Wind Energy System,AWES)的测风需求及设备选型。[方法]以某空中风力发电示范工程为依托,开展测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的对比观测试验,并对数据获取率、垂直廓线特征和时间变化特征进行分析。[结果]结果显示:在3 km高度范围内,测风激光雷达的数据获取率随高度递减至不足0.4,风廓线雷达的数据获取率则维持在0.98以上,具有更好的观测适应性;两种测风设备的风速、风向垂直廓线以及逐日、多日波动特征均具有一致性,并且能被再分析资料和高空气象站同期探空资料所验证。测风激光雷达观测结果的中位数、极差、标准差等统计特征与再分析资料更接近,相关性更好;风廓线雷达观测结果的极差和标准差整体偏大,测风精度不及测风激光雷达。[结论]文章研究表明,应根据项目所在地的气候状况,在空中风力发电站工程的不同设计阶段合理选择测风设备,科学设置测风方式。展开更多
Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentra...Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.展开更多
This paper studied a snow event over North China on 21 February 2017,using aircraft in-situ data,a Lagrangian analysis tool,and WRF simulations with different microphysical schemes to investigate the supercooled layer...This paper studied a snow event over North China on 21 February 2017,using aircraft in-situ data,a Lagrangian analysis tool,and WRF simulations with different microphysical schemes to investigate the supercooled layer of warm conveyor belts(WCBs).Based on the aircraft data,we found a fine vertical structure within clouds in the WCB and highlighted a 1-2 km thin supercooled liquid water layer with a maximum Liquid Water Content(LWC) exceeding0.5 g kg^(-1) during the vertical aircraft observation.Although the main features of thermodynamic profiles were essentially captured by both modeling schemes,the microphysical quantities exhibited large diversity with different microphysics schemes.The conventional Morrison two-moment scheme showed remarkable agreement with in-situ observations,both in terms of the thermodynamic structure and the supercooled liquid water layer.However,the microphysical structure of the WCB clouds,in terms of LWC and IWC,was not apparent in HUJI fast bin scheme.To reduce such uncertainty,future work may focus on improving the representation of microphysics in bin schemes with in-situ data and using similar assumptions for all schemes to isolate the impact of physics.展开更多
文摘[目的]文章旨在研究空中风力发电系统(Airborne Wind Energy System,AWES)的测风需求及设备选型。[方法]以某空中风力发电示范工程为依托,开展测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的对比观测试验,并对数据获取率、垂直廓线特征和时间变化特征进行分析。[结果]结果显示:在3 km高度范围内,测风激光雷达的数据获取率随高度递减至不足0.4,风廓线雷达的数据获取率则维持在0.98以上,具有更好的观测适应性;两种测风设备的风速、风向垂直廓线以及逐日、多日波动特征均具有一致性,并且能被再分析资料和高空气象站同期探空资料所验证。测风激光雷达观测结果的中位数、极差、标准差等统计特征与再分析资料更接近,相关性更好;风廓线雷达观测结果的极差和标准差整体偏大,测风精度不及测风激光雷达。[结论]文章研究表明,应根据项目所在地的气候状况,在空中风力发电站工程的不同设计阶段合理选择测风设备,科学设置测风方式。
基金supported by the Feng Yun Application Pioneering Project (FY-APP-2022.0502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42205140)。
文摘Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.
基金jointly supported by the China National Science Foundation under Grant Nos.41875172 and 42075192。
文摘This paper studied a snow event over North China on 21 February 2017,using aircraft in-situ data,a Lagrangian analysis tool,and WRF simulations with different microphysical schemes to investigate the supercooled layer of warm conveyor belts(WCBs).Based on the aircraft data,we found a fine vertical structure within clouds in the WCB and highlighted a 1-2 km thin supercooled liquid water layer with a maximum Liquid Water Content(LWC) exceeding0.5 g kg^(-1) during the vertical aircraft observation.Although the main features of thermodynamic profiles were essentially captured by both modeling schemes,the microphysical quantities exhibited large diversity with different microphysics schemes.The conventional Morrison two-moment scheme showed remarkable agreement with in-situ observations,both in terms of the thermodynamic structure and the supercooled liquid water layer.However,the microphysical structure of the WCB clouds,in terms of LWC and IWC,was not apparent in HUJI fast bin scheme.To reduce such uncertainty,future work may focus on improving the representation of microphysics in bin schemes with in-situ data and using similar assumptions for all schemes to isolate the impact of physics.
