本文利用2005~2020年北京地区观测得到的辐射资料,揭示近十多年来北京地区紫外辐射的变化规律,同时对影响紫外辐射长期变化的主要因子进行了分析。结果表明,紫外辐射呈现出明显的日、季节变化特征。日变化呈现出单峰的变化规律,在正午...本文利用2005~2020年北京地区观测得到的辐射资料,揭示近十多年来北京地区紫外辐射的变化规律,同时对影响紫外辐射长期变化的主要因子进行了分析。结果表明,紫外辐射呈现出明显的日、季节变化特征。日变化呈现出单峰的变化规律,在正午时出现一天中的极大值,而早晚则是低值时段,极大值和极小值分别出现在中午12时(北京时,下同;16.26 W m^(−2))和上午08时(5.64 W m^(−2))。紫外辐射从春季开始逐渐增强,到夏季出现一年中的极大值,随后开始下降,直到冬季出现一年中的极小值,月均极大值和极小值分别出现在6月(12.17 W m^(−2))和12月(5.4 W m^(−2))。紫外辐射年均值为9.74 W m^(−2)。紫外辐射与晴空指数呈现正相关,与气溶胶光学厚度和大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)呈现负相关。展开更多
Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other m...Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of approximation of the phase function of the RTE leads to a better precision in flux calculations. However, this approach may be limited to a certain order that has not been studied in this paper.展开更多
文摘本文利用2005~2020年北京地区观测得到的辐射资料,揭示近十多年来北京地区紫外辐射的变化规律,同时对影响紫外辐射长期变化的主要因子进行了分析。结果表明,紫外辐射呈现出明显的日、季节变化特征。日变化呈现出单峰的变化规律,在正午时出现一天中的极大值,而早晚则是低值时段,极大值和极小值分别出现在中午12时(北京时,下同;16.26 W m^(−2))和上午08时(5.64 W m^(−2))。紫外辐射从春季开始逐渐增强,到夏季出现一年中的极大值,随后开始下降,直到冬季出现一年中的极小值,月均极大值和极小值分别出现在6月(12.17 W m^(−2))和12月(5.4 W m^(−2))。紫外辐射年均值为9.74 W m^(−2)。紫外辐射与晴空指数呈现正相关,与气溶胶光学厚度和大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)呈现负相关。
文摘Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the Legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of approximation of the phase function of the RTE leads to a better precision in flux calculations. However, this approach may be limited to a certain order that has not been studied in this paper.
