The last twenty-five years of geological investigation of the Mediterranean region have disproved the traditional notion that the Alpine-Himalayan mountain ranges originated from the closure of a single, albeit comple...The last twenty-five years of geological investigation of the Mediterranean region have disproved the traditional notion that the Alpine-Himalayan mountain ranges originated from the closure of a single, albeit complex,oceanic domain-the Tethys. Instead, the present-day geological configuration of the Mediterranean region is the result of the creation and ensuing consumption of two major oceanic basins-the Paleotethys and the Neotethys-and of additional smaller oceanic basins within an overall regime of prolonged interaction between the Eurasian and the African-Arabian plates.In greater detail, there is still some debate about exactly what Tethys existed at what time. A consensus exists as to the presence of (i) a mainly Paleozoic paleotethyan ocean north of the Cimmerian continent(s); (ii) a younger late Paleozoic-Mesozoic neotethyan ocean located south of this continent, and finally ; ( iii ) a middle Jurassic ocean, the Alpine Tethys-Valais, an extension of the central Atlantic ocean in the western Tethyan domain. Additional late Paleozoic to Mesozoic back-arc marginal basins along the active Eurasian margin com-plicated somewhat this simple picture. The closure of these heterogeneous oceanic domains produced a sys-tem of connected yet discrete orogenic belts which vary in terms of timing, tectonic setting and internal archi-tecture, and cannot be interpreted as the end product of a single "Alpine" orogenic cycle.In Neogene time. following prolonged indentation along the Alpine front, a number of small continental microterranes (Kabylies, Balearic Islands, Sardinia-Cor-sica, Calabria) rifted off the Eurooean-lberian continan-tal margin and drifted toward south or southeast, leaving in their wake areas of thinned continental crust (e.g.Valencia Trough) or small oceanic basins (Algerian,Provencal and Tyrrhenian basins). The E Mediterranean is similarly characterized by widespread Neogene exten-sional tectonism, as indicated by thinning of continental crust along low-angle detachment faults in the Aegean Sea and the periaegean regions. Overall, Neogene exten-sion in the Mediterranean can be explained as the result of roll-back of the N-dipping subducting slab along the lonian-E Mediterranean subduction zones. The complex Neogene geologic scenario of the Mediterranean is com-plicated further by the deposition of widespread evapor-ites during Messinian (late Miocene) time.展开更多
To the Editor： A 32-year-old Chinese male patient with 1 week cough and dyspnea on exertion was presented to hospital. He was a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patient with 3 years treatment history. In October 2012, ...To the Editor： A 32-year-old Chinese male patient with 1 week cough and dyspnea on exertion was presented to hospital. He was a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patient with 3 years treatment history. In October 2012, the patient complained cough, short of breath, and thoracic computerized axial tomography scan （CAT-scan） revealed left lung hilum mass with the right lung multismall patches or opacities. Core needle biopsy on supraclavicular lymph nodes was performed and diagnosis of Stage IV （T3N3MIa） lung adenocarcinoma was made by radiologist, pathologist, and oncologist.展开更多
To the Editor：In 2017,the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease （GOLD） released a total revised document （GOLD 2017）,[1] in which one important change is the ＂ABCD＂classification for the manage...To the Editor：In 2017,the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease （GOLD） released a total revised document （GOLD 2017）,[1] in which one important change is the ＂ABCD＂classification for the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.The assessment tool of the GOLD 2011 combined the symptomatic assessment with the patient＇s spirometric classification and/or risk of exacerbations,and the revised GOLD 2014[2] added the history of hospitalization due to an exacerbation in the preceding year as a method of assessing exacerbation risk.However,increasing evidence suggested the limitations of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV1） in influencing prognostic and therapeutic decisions.The new GOLD 2017 classification separates spirometric grades from the ＂ABCD＂groups.[1] To date,the impact of this revision on grouping and subsequent drug selection has been insufficiently studied.展开更多
Lung-related diseases are the third-leading cause of human death throughout the world. Lethal lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis are characteriz...Lung-related diseases are the third-leading cause of human death throughout the world. Lethal lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis are characterized by irreversible, progressive damage of the lung tissue.展开更多
文摘The last twenty-five years of geological investigation of the Mediterranean region have disproved the traditional notion that the Alpine-Himalayan mountain ranges originated from the closure of a single, albeit complex,oceanic domain-the Tethys. Instead, the present-day geological configuration of the Mediterranean region is the result of the creation and ensuing consumption of two major oceanic basins-the Paleotethys and the Neotethys-and of additional smaller oceanic basins within an overall regime of prolonged interaction between the Eurasian and the African-Arabian plates.In greater detail, there is still some debate about exactly what Tethys existed at what time. A consensus exists as to the presence of (i) a mainly Paleozoic paleotethyan ocean north of the Cimmerian continent(s); (ii) a younger late Paleozoic-Mesozoic neotethyan ocean located south of this continent, and finally ; ( iii ) a middle Jurassic ocean, the Alpine Tethys-Valais, an extension of the central Atlantic ocean in the western Tethyan domain. Additional late Paleozoic to Mesozoic back-arc marginal basins along the active Eurasian margin com-plicated somewhat this simple picture. The closure of these heterogeneous oceanic domains produced a sys-tem of connected yet discrete orogenic belts which vary in terms of timing, tectonic setting and internal archi-tecture, and cannot be interpreted as the end product of a single "Alpine" orogenic cycle.In Neogene time. following prolonged indentation along the Alpine front, a number of small continental microterranes (Kabylies, Balearic Islands, Sardinia-Cor-sica, Calabria) rifted off the Eurooean-lberian continan-tal margin and drifted toward south or southeast, leaving in their wake areas of thinned continental crust (e.g.Valencia Trough) or small oceanic basins (Algerian,Provencal and Tyrrhenian basins). The E Mediterranean is similarly characterized by widespread Neogene exten-sional tectonism, as indicated by thinning of continental crust along low-angle detachment faults in the Aegean Sea and the periaegean regions. Overall, Neogene exten-sion in the Mediterranean can be explained as the result of roll-back of the N-dipping subducting slab along the lonian-E Mediterranean subduction zones. The complex Neogene geologic scenario of the Mediterranean is com-plicated further by the deposition of widespread evapor-ites during Messinian (late Miocene) time.
文摘To the Editor： A 32-year-old Chinese male patient with 1 week cough and dyspnea on exertion was presented to hospital. He was a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patient with 3 years treatment history. In October 2012, the patient complained cough, short of breath, and thoracic computerized axial tomography scan （CAT-scan） revealed left lung hilum mass with the right lung multismall patches or opacities. Core needle biopsy on supraclavicular lymph nodes was performed and diagnosis of Stage IV （T3N3MIa） lung adenocarcinoma was made by radiologist, pathologist, and oncologist.
文摘To the Editor：In 2017,the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease （GOLD） released a total revised document （GOLD 2017）,[1] in which one important change is the ＂ABCD＂classification for the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.The assessment tool of the GOLD 2011 combined the symptomatic assessment with the patient＇s spirometric classification and/or risk of exacerbations,and the revised GOLD 2014[2] added the history of hospitalization due to an exacerbation in the preceding year as a method of assessing exacerbation risk.However,increasing evidence suggested the limitations of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV1） in influencing prognostic and therapeutic decisions.The new GOLD 2017 classification separates spirometric grades from the ＂ABCD＂groups.[1] To date,the impact of this revision on grouping and subsequent drug selection has been insufficiently studied.
文摘Lung-related diseases are the third-leading cause of human death throughout the world. Lethal lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis are characterized by irreversible, progressive damage of the lung tissue.
