为了解华鳈胚胎发育规律,在25℃水温条件下采用催产、人工授精的方式获得华鳈的受精卵,室内观察受精卵至出膜的孵化全过程特征,拍照并记录。结果显示:华鳈受精卵为球形,淡黄色,无粘性,比重略大于水。在25℃下经历69 h 51 min所有受精卵...为了解华鳈胚胎发育规律,在25℃水温条件下采用催产、人工授精的方式获得华鳈的受精卵,室内观察受精卵至出膜的孵化全过程特征,拍照并记录。结果显示:华鳈受精卵为球形,淡黄色,无粘性,比重略大于水。在25℃下经历69 h 51 min所有受精卵全部出膜。华鳈整个胚胎发育过程可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期6个阶段。展开更多
Activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),one of the three sensor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),is an important regulator of ER stress-induced apoptosis.ATF6 resides in the ER and,upon activation,is transloc...Activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),one of the three sensor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),is an important regulator of ER stress-induced apoptosis.ATF6 resides in the ER and,upon activation,is translocated to the Golgi apparatus,where it is cleaved by site-1 protease(S1P)to generate an amino-terminal cytoplasmic fragment.Although recent studies have made progress in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of ATF6,its function during early porcine embryonic development under high-temperature(HT)stress remains unclear.In this study,zygotes were divided into four groups:control,HT,HT+ATF6 knockdown,and HT+PF(S1P inhibitor).Results showed that HT exposure induced ER stress,which increased ATF6 protein expression and led to a decrease in the blastocyst rate.Next,ATF6 expression was knocked down in HT embryos under microinjection of ATF6 double-stranded RNA(dsRNA).Results revealed that ATF6 knockdown(ATF6-KD)attenuated the increased expression of CHOP,an ER stress marker,and Ca2+release induced by HT.In addition,ATF6-KD alleviated homeostasis dysregulation among organelles caused by HT-induced ER stress,and further reduced Golgi apparatus and mitochondrial dysfunction in HT embryos.AIFM2 is an important downstream effector of ATF6.Results showed that ATF6-KD reduced the occurrence of AIFM2-mediated embryonic apoptosis at HT.Taken together,our findings suggest that ATF6 is a crucial mediator of apoptosis during early porcine embryonic development,resulting from HT-induced ER stress and disruption of organelle homeostasis.展开更多
文摘为了解华鳈胚胎发育规律,在25℃水温条件下采用催产、人工授精的方式获得华鳈的受精卵,室内观察受精卵至出膜的孵化全过程特征,拍照并记录。结果显示:华鳈受精卵为球形,淡黄色,无粘性,比重略大于水。在25℃下经历69 h 51 min所有受精卵全部出膜。华鳈整个胚胎发育过程可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期6个阶段。
基金supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF)of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (2020R1A4A1017552,2022R1A2C300769),Republic of Korea。
文摘Activating transcription factor 6(ATF6),one of the three sensor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER),is an important regulator of ER stress-induced apoptosis.ATF6 resides in the ER and,upon activation,is translocated to the Golgi apparatus,where it is cleaved by site-1 protease(S1P)to generate an amino-terminal cytoplasmic fragment.Although recent studies have made progress in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of ATF6,its function during early porcine embryonic development under high-temperature(HT)stress remains unclear.In this study,zygotes were divided into four groups:control,HT,HT+ATF6 knockdown,and HT+PF(S1P inhibitor).Results showed that HT exposure induced ER stress,which increased ATF6 protein expression and led to a decrease in the blastocyst rate.Next,ATF6 expression was knocked down in HT embryos under microinjection of ATF6 double-stranded RNA(dsRNA).Results revealed that ATF6 knockdown(ATF6-KD)attenuated the increased expression of CHOP,an ER stress marker,and Ca2+release induced by HT.In addition,ATF6-KD alleviated homeostasis dysregulation among organelles caused by HT-induced ER stress,and further reduced Golgi apparatus and mitochondrial dysfunction in HT embryos.AIFM2 is an important downstream effector of ATF6.Results showed that ATF6-KD reduced the occurrence of AIFM2-mediated embryonic apoptosis at HT.Taken together,our findings suggest that ATF6 is a crucial mediator of apoptosis during early porcine embryonic development,resulting from HT-induced ER stress and disruption of organelle homeostasis.
