目的通过分别刺激眶上、眶下及颏神经,在三叉神经(trigeminal nerve,TN)入脑桥区(root entry zone, REZ)记录近场电位(trigeminal evoked near field potential of REZ, TENFPREZ),研究该技术的临床可行性。方法收集原发性面肌痉挛行微...目的通过分别刺激眶上、眶下及颏神经,在三叉神经(trigeminal nerve,TN)入脑桥区(root entry zone, REZ)记录近场电位(trigeminal evoked near field potential of REZ, TENFPREZ),研究该技术的临床可行性。方法收集原发性面肌痉挛行微血管减压患者20例进行研究。术中首先通过神经导航技术定位眶上孔(眶上神经,V1)、眶下孔(眶下神经,V2)及颏孔(颏神经,V3)的体表位置,然后在上述骨孔旁插入相隔5 mm正负极针电极,参考电极置于FZ,术中分别予以时限0.1 ms、频率2.79 Hz、强度4~10 mA的电刺激,在TNREZ记录TENFPREZ。结果刺激眶上神经记录到V1-TENFPREZ(90%,18/20),潜伏期(2.59±0.52)ms,时限(1.61±0.44)ms,达峰时间(3.33±0.73)ms,波幅(37.52±17.29)μV;刺激颏神经记录到V3-TENFPREZ(15%,3/20),潜伏期(2.80±0.38)ms,时限(1.67±0.27)ms,达峰时间(3.53±0.48)ms,波幅(16.13±4.41)μV;刺激眶下神经不能记录到有效V2-TENFPREZ(0%,0/20),差异有统计学意义(χ2=40.879,P=0.000)。结论刺激眶上及颏神经能在TN REZ记录到TENFPREZ且V1-TENFPREZ更能容易获得,为术中TN电生理监测提供一个有效的方法。展开更多
Based on the hypothesis that upstream factor inhibition results in better treatment effects than downstream factor inhibition,the present study interfered with glutamic acid（Glu）-released upstream factors,such as Gl...Based on the hypothesis that upstream factor inhibition results in better treatment effects than downstream factor inhibition,the present study interfered with glutamic acid（Glu）-released upstream factors,such as Glu transporter function and Na＋-K＋-adenosine triphosphatases（ATPase）activity relativly.Rats with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury received intraperitoneal injections of tanshinone Ila and Glu uptake and Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity were increased.Results showed that tanshinone Ila influenced Glu-released upstream factors following spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and protected against spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
Glutamate is a regulated molecule in the mammalian testis. Extracellular regulation of glutamate in the body is determined largely by the expression of plasmalemmal glutamate transporters. We have examined by PCR, wes...Glutamate is a regulated molecule in the mammalian testis. Extracellular regulation of glutamate in the body is determined largely by the expression of plasmalemmal glutamate transporters. We have examined by PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry the expression of a panel of sodium-dependent plasmalemmal glutamate transporters in the rat testis. Proteins examined included： glutamate aspartate transporter （GLAST）, glutamate transporter 1 （GLT1）, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 （EAAC1）, excitatory amino acid transporter 4 （EAAT4） and EAAT5. We demonstrate that many of the glutamate transporters in the testis are alternately spliced. GLAST is present as exon-3- and exon-9-skipping forms. GLT1 was similarly present as the alternately spliced forms GLT1 b and GLTlc, whereas the abundant brain form （GLTla） was detectable only at the mRNA level. EAAT5 was also strongly expressed, whereas EAAC1 and EAAT4 were absent. These patterns of expression were compared with the patterns of endogenous glutamate localization and with patterns of D-aspartate accumulation, as assessed by immunocytochemistry. The presence of multiple glutamate transporters in the testis, including unusually spliced forms, suggests that glutamate homeostasis may be critical in this organ. The apparent presence of many of these transporters in the testis and sperm may indicate a need for glutamate transport by such cells.展开更多
The present study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia induced by chest compression for six minutes to dynamically observe expressional changes of three glutamate transporters in the cerebral cortex and...The present study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia induced by chest compression for six minutes to dynamically observe expressional changes of three glutamate transporters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After 24 hours of ischemia, expression of glutamate transporter-1 significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which was accompanied by neuronal necrosis. At 7 days post-ischemia, expression of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex, and was accompanied by apoptosis Expression of glutamate-aspartate transporter remained unchanged at 6 hours 7 days after ischemia. These results suggested that glutamate transporter levels were altered at different periods of cerebral ischemia.展开更多
Seizures were induced by flurothyl inhalation. Rats were intramuscularly treated with progesterone after each seizure. Results demonstrated that glutamate transporter 2 and y-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 expression...Seizures were induced by flurothyl inhalation. Rats were intramuscularly treated with progesterone after each seizure. Results demonstrated that glutamate transporter 2 and y-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 expression levels were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the developing rat brain following recurrent seizures. After progesterone treatment, glutamate transporter 2 protein expression was upregulated, but ^-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 levels decreased. These results suggest that glutamate transporter 2 and y-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 are involved in the pathological processes of epilepsy. Progesterone can help maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory systems by modulating the amino acid transporter system, and protect the developing brain after recurrent seizures.展开更多
Background Neuropathic pain results from a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system at either the peripheral or central level. The transmission of nociception within the central nervous system is subject t...Background Neuropathic pain results from a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system at either the peripheral or central level. The transmission of nociception within the central nervous system is subject to modulation by release and reuptake of neurotransmitters, which maintain a dynamic balance through the assembly and disassembly of the SNARE complex as well as a series of neurotransmitter transporters （inhibitory GABA transporters GAT and excitatory glutamate transporters GT）. Neuronal hyper-excitability or defected inhibition involved in neuropathic pain is one of the outcomes caused by imbalanced neurotransmission. SNAP-25, which is one of the SNARE complexes, can modulate the release of neurotransmitters. Glia glutamate transporter （GLT） is one of the two glutamate transporters which account for most synaptic glutamate uptake in the CNS. The role of SNAP-25 and GLT as well as GAT is not clearly understood.展开更多
Sturge-Weber syndrome （SWS）, or encephalo- trigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare, congenitalneurocutaneous syndrome characterized by unilateral facial cutaneous vascular malformation （nevus flammeus or port-wine stain...Sturge-Weber syndrome （SWS）, or encephalo- trigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare, congenitalneurocutaneous syndrome characterized by unilateral facial cutaneous vascular malformation （nevus flammeus or port-wine stain） in association with ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomatosis. Prevalence is approximately one per 50 000 live births. Males and females are equally affected and there is no racial bias. 1,2 The common clinical manifestations of SWS include progressive seizures, unilateral cutaneous vascular nevus following the ophthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve, ipsilateral glaucoma, contralateral hemiparesis, hemiatrophy, hemianopia and mental retardation. The radiographic hallmark of SWS is ＂tram-line＂ or gyriform calcifications usually involving the occipital and parietal lobes. Histologic studies have revealed that intracranial lesions of SWS display as leptomeningeal angiomatosis, and gyriform calcifications, neuronal loss, astrogliosis in underlying brain tissue.展开更多
文摘目的探讨基于多模态神经影像的虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛患者血管神经压迫进行术前评估的技术可行性及准确性。方法收集接受微血管减压手术治疗的三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛患者共40例,术前均行1.5 T的MRI扫描,扫描序列包括:平扫和增强的T1加权三维磁化强度预备梯度回波序列(T1WI 3D MPRAGE),三维可变翻转角质子加权快速自旋回波序列(3D-SPACE),三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像(3D-TOF-MRA)。利用3D-Slicer软件将多模态MRI影像配准融合并重建出三维虚拟现实模型,然后根据虚拟现实模型对有无血管神经压迫及压迫责任血管来源进行术前评估,最后和微血管减压手术中所见到的实际情况进行对比分析。结果在40例患者中,术前MRI扫描和虚拟现实模型重建全部顺利完成。利用虚拟现实模型对是否存在血管神经压迫进行术前评估的灵敏度为97.4%(38/39),特异度为100%(1/1);对责任血管来源的判断与术中诊断进行一致性检验,Kappa值为0.921(95%的可信区间为0.817~1.02),P=0.000<0.001。结论利用VR技术有助于术前对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛患者有无血管神经压迫和责任血管作出准确的评估,有助于指导微血管减压手术。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30572401, No.30973765the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, No.2008J0094+1 种基金the Science and Technology Activity of Abroad Scholars, Ministry of Personnel, No. [2006]164 Scientific Research Foundation for Talents of Fujian Province, No. 1401
文摘Based on the hypothesis that upstream factor inhibition results in better treatment effects than downstream factor inhibition,the present study interfered with glutamic acid（Glu）-released upstream factors,such as Glu transporter function and Na＋-K＋-adenosine triphosphatases（ATPase）activity relativly.Rats with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury received intraperitoneal injections of tanshinone Ila and Glu uptake and Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity were increased.Results showed that tanshinone Ila influenced Glu-released upstream factors following spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and protected against spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
文摘Glutamate is a regulated molecule in the mammalian testis. Extracellular regulation of glutamate in the body is determined largely by the expression of plasmalemmal glutamate transporters. We have examined by PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry the expression of a panel of sodium-dependent plasmalemmal glutamate transporters in the rat testis. Proteins examined included： glutamate aspartate transporter （GLAST）, glutamate transporter 1 （GLT1）, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 （EAAC1）, excitatory amino acid transporter 4 （EAAT4） and EAAT5. We demonstrate that many of the glutamate transporters in the testis are alternately spliced. GLAST is present as exon-3- and exon-9-skipping forms. GLT1 was similarly present as the alternately spliced forms GLT1 b and GLTlc, whereas the abundant brain form （GLTla） was detectable only at the mRNA level. EAAT5 was also strongly expressed, whereas EAAC1 and EAAT4 were absent. These patterns of expression were compared with the patterns of endogenous glutamate localization and with patterns of D-aspartate accumulation, as assessed by immunocytochemistry. The presence of multiple glutamate transporters in the testis, including unusually spliced forms, suggests that glutamate homeostasis may be critical in this organ. The apparent presence of many of these transporters in the testis and sperm may indicate a need for glutamate transport by such cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81171168Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, No. 10140903200
文摘The present study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia induced by chest compression for six minutes to dynamically observe expressional changes of three glutamate transporters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After 24 hours of ischemia, expression of glutamate transporter-1 significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which was accompanied by neuronal necrosis. At 7 days post-ischemia, expression of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex, and was accompanied by apoptosis Expression of glutamate-aspartate transporter remained unchanged at 6 hours 7 days after ischemia. These results suggested that glutamate transporter levels were altered at different periods of cerebral ischemia.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No.09JJ6032
文摘Seizures were induced by flurothyl inhalation. Rats were intramuscularly treated with progesterone after each seizure. Results demonstrated that glutamate transporter 2 and y-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 expression levels were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the developing rat brain following recurrent seizures. After progesterone treatment, glutamate transporter 2 protein expression was upregulated, but ^-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 levels decreased. These results suggest that glutamate transporter 2 and y-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 are involved in the pathological processes of epilepsy. Progesterone can help maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory systems by modulating the amino acid transporter system, and protect the developing brain after recurrent seizures.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81171053）.
文摘Background Neuropathic pain results from a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system at either the peripheral or central level. The transmission of nociception within the central nervous system is subject to modulation by release and reuptake of neurotransmitters, which maintain a dynamic balance through the assembly and disassembly of the SNARE complex as well as a series of neurotransmitter transporters （inhibitory GABA transporters GAT and excitatory glutamate transporters GT）. Neuronal hyper-excitability or defected inhibition involved in neuropathic pain is one of the outcomes caused by imbalanced neurotransmission. SNAP-25, which is one of the SNARE complexes, can modulate the release of neurotransmitters. Glia glutamate transporter （GLT） is one of the two glutamate transporters which account for most synaptic glutamate uptake in the CNS. The role of SNAP-25 and GLT as well as GAT is not clearly understood.
文摘Sturge-Weber syndrome （SWS）, or encephalo- trigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare, congenitalneurocutaneous syndrome characterized by unilateral facial cutaneous vascular malformation （nevus flammeus or port-wine stain） in association with ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomatosis. Prevalence is approximately one per 50 000 live births. Males and females are equally affected and there is no racial bias. 1,2 The common clinical manifestations of SWS include progressive seizures, unilateral cutaneous vascular nevus following the ophthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve, ipsilateral glaucoma, contralateral hemiparesis, hemiatrophy, hemianopia and mental retardation. The radiographic hallmark of SWS is ＂tram-line＂ or gyriform calcifications usually involving the occipital and parietal lobes. Histologic studies have revealed that intracranial lesions of SWS display as leptomeningeal angiomatosis, and gyriform calcifications, neuronal loss, astrogliosis in underlying brain tissue.
