Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century ago.Numerous modifications were made in its application to increa...Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century ago.Numerous modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals plants.Recent breakthroughs in transformation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene stacking.These modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern agriculture.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.展开更多
Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we...Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we applied a combination of in silico prediction using machine learning(ML)and experimental analysis.A Random Forest model was trained using genes known to influence ad-abaxial polarity as ground truth.Gene expression data from various tissues and conditions as well as promoter regulation data derived from transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used as input,enabling the prediction of novel ad-abaxial polarity-related genes and additional transcription factors.Parallel to this,available and newly-obtained transcriptome data enabled us to identify genes differentially expressed across leaf ad-abaxial sides.Based on these analyses,we obtained a set of 111 novel genes which are involved in leaf ad-abaxial specialization.To explore implications for vegetable crop breeding,we examined the conservation of expression patterns between Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa using single-cell transcriptomics.The results demonstrated the utility of our computational approach for predicting candidate genes in crop species.Our findings expand the understanding of the genetic networks governing leaf ad-abaxial differentiation in agriculturally important vegetables,enhancing comprehension of natural variation impacting leaf morphology and development,with demonstrable breeding applications.展开更多
全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)是定位基因组中与性状显著关联的变异位点的有效方法。随着表型记录的完善、高通量基因型分型技术的发展,以及统计方法的改进,全基因组关联分析在人类疾病、动物植物遗传等领域得...全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)是定位基因组中与性状显著关联的变异位点的有效方法。随着表型记录的完善、高通量基因型分型技术的发展,以及统计方法的改进,全基因组关联分析在人类疾病、动物植物遗传等领域得到了广泛的应用。假阳性是影响全基因组关联分析结果可靠性的重要因素之一。为了控制假阳性,除了校正P值,GWAS模型从最简单的方差分析(或用于质量性状的卡方检验)到加入固定效应协变量的普通线性模型(general linear model,GLM),再到加入随机效应的混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)持续改进,控制了多种混杂因素导致的假阳性。将个体的遗传效应拟合为由基因组亲缘关系矩阵(genomic relationships matrix,GRM)定义的随机效应是目前常用的方法。由于MLM的参数估计大量消耗计算资源,研究人员不断尝试模型求解优化和GRM的构建优化(GRM的构建优化同时也提高了计算效率),最终将基于MLM计算的时间复杂度由O(MN3)逐步改进到O(MN),实现了计算速度与统计功效的飞跃。针对质量性状病例对照比失衡带来的假阳性问题,研究人员进一步对广义混合线性模型(generalized linear mixed model,GLMM)进行了校正。本文较全面地介绍了GWAS的基本原理和发展,着重阐述了GWAS中MLM模型的改进和优化细节,同时,列举了GWAS在农业中的应用,包括在植物、动物和微生物方面的研究成果,以及基于单倍型的GWAS应用。最后,从进一步提高GWAS统计功效和GWAS试验设计2个角度对GWAS未来的发展进行了展望。展开更多
基金financial assistance provided by the High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Program(G2022051003L)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201878)+3 种基金Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0215)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAASZDRW202002,CAAS-ZDRW202201)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2021205013)Long Mao is also a“Yellow River Delta Scholar”in Sino-Agro Experimental Station for Salt Tolerant Crops(SAESSTC),Dongying,Shandong,China.
文摘Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century ago.Numerous modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals plants.Recent breakthroughs in transformation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene stacking.These modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern agriculture.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFF1003003)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No.Y2023PT16)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP)supported by China Scholarship Council (Grant No.202103250097)。
文摘Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we applied a combination of in silico prediction using machine learning(ML)and experimental analysis.A Random Forest model was trained using genes known to influence ad-abaxial polarity as ground truth.Gene expression data from various tissues and conditions as well as promoter regulation data derived from transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used as input,enabling the prediction of novel ad-abaxial polarity-related genes and additional transcription factors.Parallel to this,available and newly-obtained transcriptome data enabled us to identify genes differentially expressed across leaf ad-abaxial sides.Based on these analyses,we obtained a set of 111 novel genes which are involved in leaf ad-abaxial specialization.To explore implications for vegetable crop breeding,we examined the conservation of expression patterns between Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa using single-cell transcriptomics.The results demonstrated the utility of our computational approach for predicting candidate genes in crop species.Our findings expand the understanding of the genetic networks governing leaf ad-abaxial differentiation in agriculturally important vegetables,enhancing comprehension of natural variation impacting leaf morphology and development,with demonstrable breeding applications.
文摘全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)是定位基因组中与性状显著关联的变异位点的有效方法。随着表型记录的完善、高通量基因型分型技术的发展,以及统计方法的改进,全基因组关联分析在人类疾病、动物植物遗传等领域得到了广泛的应用。假阳性是影响全基因组关联分析结果可靠性的重要因素之一。为了控制假阳性,除了校正P值,GWAS模型从最简单的方差分析(或用于质量性状的卡方检验)到加入固定效应协变量的普通线性模型(general linear model,GLM),再到加入随机效应的混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)持续改进,控制了多种混杂因素导致的假阳性。将个体的遗传效应拟合为由基因组亲缘关系矩阵(genomic relationships matrix,GRM)定义的随机效应是目前常用的方法。由于MLM的参数估计大量消耗计算资源,研究人员不断尝试模型求解优化和GRM的构建优化(GRM的构建优化同时也提高了计算效率),最终将基于MLM计算的时间复杂度由O(MN3)逐步改进到O(MN),实现了计算速度与统计功效的飞跃。针对质量性状病例对照比失衡带来的假阳性问题,研究人员进一步对广义混合线性模型(generalized linear mixed model,GLMM)进行了校正。本文较全面地介绍了GWAS的基本原理和发展,着重阐述了GWAS中MLM模型的改进和优化细节,同时,列举了GWAS在农业中的应用,包括在植物、动物和微生物方面的研究成果,以及基于单倍型的GWAS应用。最后,从进一步提高GWAS统计功效和GWAS试验设计2个角度对GWAS未来的发展进行了展望。
