为明确梨树腐烂病的病菌种类,对采自中国河北、山西和安徽3省症状疑似梨腐烂病的树皮与病枝进行病菌培养和分离纯化,根据病原菌的形态特征和致病性,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定病原菌种类,并选用22种常用杀菌剂,通过离体抑菌试验,筛选出...为明确梨树腐烂病的病菌种类,对采自中国河北、山西和安徽3省症状疑似梨腐烂病的树皮与病枝进行病菌培养和分离纯化,根据病原菌的形态特征和致病性,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定病原菌种类,并选用22种常用杀菌剂,通过离体抑菌试验,筛选出抑菌效果较好的药剂进行田间药效试验。结果表明:在分离纯化的6个菌株中有5个菌株形态特征相同,且与已报道的腐烂病病菌(Valsa mali var.pyri)形态特征相似;以这5个菌株菌丝接种梨树健康枝条后出现与田间相同的病症;病原菌rDNA-ITS克隆测序、BLASTn比对发现,这5个菌株为同一致病菌(登录号JQ618018),且与意大利梨腐烂病菌株(登录号DQ241769)、陕西梨腐烂病菌株(登录号GU174590)、新疆梨腐烂病菌株(登录号HM013819)的rDNAITS序列的同源性达到100%;另外1菌株与内生菌巴西拟隐盘孢菌Paraconiothyrium brasiliense的同源性达到99%;丙环唑等8种药剂对梨树腐烂病菌丝生长抑制力强,丁香菌酯等11种药剂对分生孢子抑制效果好,25%咪鲜胺乳油1 500倍液、20%丁香菌酯悬浮液165倍液与97%嘧菌酯原药15 000倍液对田间病斑治疗效果较好。根据试验结果,可以确定3省采样地区引起梨腐烂病的病原菌为Valsa mali var.pyri;咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯和丁香菌酯等3种杀菌剂可作为梨树腐烂病田间防治药剂。展开更多
在新疆库尔勒地区,梨树腐烂病严重发生的梨园周围往往伴随有严重的白杨树腐烂病发生,推测这2种树木上的腐烂病病菌可能存在交叉侵染现象。为验证这一假设,从梨树样品上分离得到8株梨树腐烂病病菌(Valsa mali var. pyri),从白杨树样品上...在新疆库尔勒地区,梨树腐烂病严重发生的梨园周围往往伴随有严重的白杨树腐烂病发生,推测这2种树木上的腐烂病病菌可能存在交叉侵染现象。为验证这一假设,从梨树样品上分离得到8株梨树腐烂病病菌(Valsa mali var. pyri),从白杨树样品上分离到11株白杨树腐烂病病菌(Valsa sordida)及9株柳树腐烂病病菌(Cytospora translucens)。将3种病原菌进行交叉接种,发现梨树腐烂病病菌对白杨树枝条的侵染成功率仅为8.9%,而白杨树及柳树腐烂病病菌对梨树枝条的侵染成功率分别为45.8%、63.0%。将3种病原菌分别接种到梨树的叶片和果实上,发现菌株的致病力表现为梨树腐烂病病菌>柳树腐烂病病菌>白杨树腐烂病病菌。将白杨树和柳树腐烂病病菌在梨树果实上继代接种3代后,2种病原菌的致病力均有所上升。因此,白杨树腐烂病病原菌对梨树具有较强的交叉侵染能力。展开更多
Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rat...Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.展开更多
文摘为明确梨树腐烂病的病菌种类,对采自中国河北、山西和安徽3省症状疑似梨腐烂病的树皮与病枝进行病菌培养和分离纯化,根据病原菌的形态特征和致病性,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定病原菌种类,并选用22种常用杀菌剂,通过离体抑菌试验,筛选出抑菌效果较好的药剂进行田间药效试验。结果表明:在分离纯化的6个菌株中有5个菌株形态特征相同,且与已报道的腐烂病病菌(Valsa mali var.pyri)形态特征相似;以这5个菌株菌丝接种梨树健康枝条后出现与田间相同的病症;病原菌rDNA-ITS克隆测序、BLASTn比对发现,这5个菌株为同一致病菌(登录号JQ618018),且与意大利梨腐烂病菌株(登录号DQ241769)、陕西梨腐烂病菌株(登录号GU174590)、新疆梨腐烂病菌株(登录号HM013819)的rDNAITS序列的同源性达到100%;另外1菌株与内生菌巴西拟隐盘孢菌Paraconiothyrium brasiliense的同源性达到99%;丙环唑等8种药剂对梨树腐烂病菌丝生长抑制力强,丁香菌酯等11种药剂对分生孢子抑制效果好,25%咪鲜胺乳油1 500倍液、20%丁香菌酯悬浮液165倍液与97%嘧菌酯原药15 000倍液对田间病斑治疗效果较好。根据试验结果,可以确定3省采样地区引起梨腐烂病的病原菌为Valsa mali var.pyri;咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯和丁香菌酯等3种杀菌剂可作为梨树腐烂病田间防治药剂。
文摘在新疆库尔勒地区,梨树腐烂病严重发生的梨园周围往往伴随有严重的白杨树腐烂病发生,推测这2种树木上的腐烂病病菌可能存在交叉侵染现象。为验证这一假设,从梨树样品上分离得到8株梨树腐烂病病菌(Valsa mali var. pyri),从白杨树样品上分离到11株白杨树腐烂病病菌(Valsa sordida)及9株柳树腐烂病病菌(Cytospora translucens)。将3种病原菌进行交叉接种,发现梨树腐烂病病菌对白杨树枝条的侵染成功率仅为8.9%,而白杨树及柳树腐烂病病菌对梨树枝条的侵染成功率分别为45.8%、63.0%。将3种病原菌分别接种到梨树的叶片和果实上,发现菌株的致病力表现为梨树腐烂病病菌>柳树腐烂病病菌>白杨树腐烂病病菌。将白杨树和柳树腐烂病病菌在梨树果实上继代接种3代后,2种病原菌的致病力均有所上升。因此,白杨树腐烂病病原菌对梨树具有较强的交叉侵染能力。
基金supported by a grant from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0400903-06)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-29-19)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.