由于页岩气渗流机理复杂,赋存方式多样,压裂后对裂缝网络的精确识别和表征存在较大困难,现有方法难以准确预测页岩气井产量。为此,提出了机理—数据融合建模的思路,结合连续拟稳态假设、物质平衡方程、产量递减分析方法和递推原理,建立...由于页岩气渗流机理复杂,赋存方式多样,压裂后对裂缝网络的精确识别和表征存在较大困难,现有方法难以准确预测页岩气井产量。为此,提出了机理—数据融合建模的思路,结合连续拟稳态假设、物质平衡方程、产量递减分析方法和递推原理,建立了物理—数据协同驱动的产量预测方法,进而以中国某区块页岩气井现场生产数据为例,对该方法的准确性、可靠性进行了测试,并与经验产量递减分析和时间序列分析方法进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:(1)建立的产能模型采用拟压力代替压力,采用物质平衡拟时间代替时间,弱化了产量、流压和甲烷物性变化带来的影响;(2)以累计产量误差最小为目标开展历史拟合,弱化了生产制度变化带来的影响,使得建立的产能模型能够自动适应流压—产量变化;(3)应用该方法的关键在于采气指数—物质平衡拟时间双对数图中的特征直线,若图中出现特征直线,则可以开展产量预测,反之,则不能预测。结论认为:(1)建立的产量预测方法将不稳定流动问题转化为拟稳态流动问题求解,简化了对储层非均质性的描述,避开了裂缝网络精确识别和定量表征的难题,计算效率高,可解释性强;(2)生产数据测试结果表明该产量预测方法精度高,长期预测结果稳定,并优于Logistic Growth Model、Duong和StretchedExponential Production Decline经验产量递减分析方法,也优于非线性自回归神经网络、长短记忆神经网络时间序列分析方法。展开更多
商业油流是储量起算标准的重要经济评价指标之一。中国石油行业标准Q/ SY 01180—2020《石油天然气经济可采储量评价规范》中给出的常规油藏稳定递减单井商业油流的计算方法,对生产初期产量递减较快、中后期产量递减相对平缓的“分段式...商业油流是储量起算标准的重要经济评价指标之一。中国石油行业标准Q/ SY 01180—2020《石油天然气经济可采储量评价规范》中给出的常规油藏稳定递减单井商业油流的计算方法,对生产初期产量递减较快、中后期产量递减相对平缓的“分段式”递减的特低渗油藏适用性较差。为此,基于常规油藏单一递减率的单井商业油流计算方法,应用盈亏平衡原理,结合“分段式”递减规律,建立了一种符合“分段式”递减规律的油藏单井商业油流计算模型,并以辽河坳陷太阳组为例,结合其油藏相关物性参数、单井投资及成本费用、油气价格等参数,利用所建立的“分段式”递减油藏单井商业油流计算模型,确定了评价油价为60美元/桶条件下的单井商业油流。研究结果对同类型油藏具有借鉴意义。展开更多
Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing researc...Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the complexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in others.In the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is challenging.Moreover,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different cases.To address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization problems.MSFASM consists of two stages.In the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization period.In the second stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the computational load of the numerical simulator.The two stages are combined using sequential transfer learning.From the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir types.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are compared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based methods.The results demonstrate that our approach can obtain the maximum net present value(NPV)of the target production optimization problems.展开更多
Considering the phase behaviors in condensate gas reservoirs and the oil-gas two-phase linear flow and boundary-dominated flow in the reservoir,a method for predicting the relationship between oil saturation and press...Considering the phase behaviors in condensate gas reservoirs and the oil-gas two-phase linear flow and boundary-dominated flow in the reservoir,a method for predicting the relationship between oil saturation and pressure in the full-path of tight condensate gas well is proposed,and a model for predicting the transient production from tight condensate gas wells with multiphase flow is established.The research indicates that the relationship curve between condensate oil saturation and pressure is crucial for calculating the pseudo-pressure.In the early stage of production or in areas far from the wellbore with high reservoir pressure,the condensate oil saturation can be calculated using early-stage production dynamic data through material balance models.In the late stage of production or in areas close to the wellbore with low reservoir pressure,the condensate oil saturation can be calculated using the data of constant composition expansion test.In the middle stages of production or when reservoir pressure is at an intermediate level,the data obtained from the previous two stages can be interpolated to form a complete full-path relationship curve between oil saturation and pressure.Through simulation and field application,the new method is verified to be reliable and practical.It can be applied for prediction of middle-stage and late-stage production of tight condensate gas wells and assessment of single-well recoverable reserves.展开更多
Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure...Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing device.Three crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are examined.Experimental results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture geometries.Four types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial boreholes.The vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole axis.An increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole axis.The azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole axis.Increasing the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress direction.The breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries observed.When the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown pressure.Decreasing the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown pressure.The extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown pressure.The research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
文摘由于页岩气渗流机理复杂,赋存方式多样,压裂后对裂缝网络的精确识别和表征存在较大困难,现有方法难以准确预测页岩气井产量。为此,提出了机理—数据融合建模的思路,结合连续拟稳态假设、物质平衡方程、产量递减分析方法和递推原理,建立了物理—数据协同驱动的产量预测方法,进而以中国某区块页岩气井现场生产数据为例,对该方法的准确性、可靠性进行了测试,并与经验产量递减分析和时间序列分析方法进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:(1)建立的产能模型采用拟压力代替压力,采用物质平衡拟时间代替时间,弱化了产量、流压和甲烷物性变化带来的影响;(2)以累计产量误差最小为目标开展历史拟合,弱化了生产制度变化带来的影响,使得建立的产能模型能够自动适应流压—产量变化;(3)应用该方法的关键在于采气指数—物质平衡拟时间双对数图中的特征直线,若图中出现特征直线,则可以开展产量预测,反之,则不能预测。结论认为:(1)建立的产量预测方法将不稳定流动问题转化为拟稳态流动问题求解,简化了对储层非均质性的描述,避开了裂缝网络精确识别和定量表征的难题,计算效率高,可解释性强;(2)生产数据测试结果表明该产量预测方法精度高,长期预测结果稳定,并优于Logistic Growth Model、Duong和StretchedExponential Production Decline经验产量递减分析方法,也优于非线性自回归神经网络、长短记忆神经网络时间序列分析方法。
文摘商业油流是储量起算标准的重要经济评价指标之一。中国石油行业标准Q/ SY 01180—2020《石油天然气经济可采储量评价规范》中给出的常规油藏稳定递减单井商业油流的计算方法,对生产初期产量递减较快、中后期产量递减相对平缓的“分段式”递减的特低渗油藏适用性较差。为此,基于常规油藏单一递减率的单井商业油流计算方法,应用盈亏平衡原理,结合“分段式”递减规律,建立了一种符合“分段式”递减规律的油藏单井商业油流计算模型,并以辽河坳陷太阳组为例,结合其油藏相关物性参数、单井投资及成本费用、油气价格等参数,利用所建立的“分段式”递减油藏单井商业油流计算模型,确定了评价油价为60美元/桶条件下的单井商业油流。研究结果对同类型油藏具有借鉴意义。
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52274057,52074340 and 51874335the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-008+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNOOC under Grant CCL2022RCPS0397RSNthe Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of University in Shandong Province under Grant 2019KJH002111 Project under Grant B08028.
文摘Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the complexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in others.In the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is challenging.Moreover,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different cases.To address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization problems.MSFASM consists of two stages.In the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization period.In the second stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the computational load of the numerical simulator.The two stages are combined using sequential transfer learning.From the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir types.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are compared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based methods.The results demonstrate that our approach can obtain the maximum net present value(NPV)of the target production optimization problems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104049)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by BAST(BYESS2023262)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(2462022BJRC004).
文摘Considering the phase behaviors in condensate gas reservoirs and the oil-gas two-phase linear flow and boundary-dominated flow in the reservoir,a method for predicting the relationship between oil saturation and pressure in the full-path of tight condensate gas well is proposed,and a model for predicting the transient production from tight condensate gas wells with multiphase flow is established.The research indicates that the relationship curve between condensate oil saturation and pressure is crucial for calculating the pseudo-pressure.In the early stage of production or in areas far from the wellbore with high reservoir pressure,the condensate oil saturation can be calculated using early-stage production dynamic data through material balance models.In the late stage of production or in areas close to the wellbore with low reservoir pressure,the condensate oil saturation can be calculated using the data of constant composition expansion test.In the middle stages of production or when reservoir pressure is at an intermediate level,the data obtained from the previous two stages can be interpolated to form a complete full-path relationship curve between oil saturation and pressure.Through simulation and field application,the new method is verified to be reliable and practical.It can be applied for prediction of middle-stage and late-stage production of tight condensate gas wells and assessment of single-well recoverable reserves.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(No.ZLZX2020-01)the National Key Scientific Research Instrument Research Project of NSFC(No.51827804).
文摘Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing device.Three crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are examined.Experimental results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture geometries.Four types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial boreholes.The vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole axis.An increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole axis.The azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole axis.Increasing the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress direction.The breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries observed.When the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown pressure.Decreasing the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown pressure.The extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown pressure.The research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and gas reservoirs.