Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural ...Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural gas and crude oil for its energy needs;but, by applying thermochemical conversion techniques, leftover olive oil can be used to replace these energy sources. Understanding the chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics of raw materials is essential to obtaining the most out of these conversion processes. Thermogravimetric analysis was used in this study to examine the thermal behavior of olive-solid residue (kernel) at three different heating rates (5, 20 and 40 C/min) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. The initial degradation temperature, the residual weight at 500 and 700˚C and the thermal degradation rate during the devolatilization stage (below 400˚C) were all determined. It was found that in N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> atmospheres, both the initial degradation temperature and the degradation rate increase with increasing heating rates. As heating rates increase in the N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, the residual weight at 500 or 700˚C decreases slightly, but at low heating rates compared to high heating rates in the O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, it decreases significantly. This suggests that a longer lignin oxidation process is better than a shorter one. Coats and Redfern approach was used to identify the mechanism and activation energy for the devolatilization stage of pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. The process mechanism analysis revealed that the model of first-order and second-order reactions may adequately describe the mechanism of heat degradation of the devolatilization step of olive-solid waste for pyrolysis and oxidation processes, respectively.展开更多
利用等温热压缩实验,研究了TG700C合金变形温度为1050~1250℃、应变速率为1~20 s-1、变形量为60%变形条件下的热变形及动态再结晶行为。对材料高应变速率下的变形热效应进行了温升修正,获得了该合金的流变曲线和热变形本构方程,热变形...利用等温热压缩实验,研究了TG700C合金变形温度为1050~1250℃、应变速率为1~20 s-1、变形量为60%变形条件下的热变形及动态再结晶行为。对材料高应变速率下的变形热效应进行了温升修正,获得了该合金的流变曲线和热变形本构方程,热变形过程的表观激活能为Q=624.762 k J/mol。该合金经过温升修正后的流变曲线呈现稳态的流变应力,不同变形温度和应变速率下合金的流变应力存在差异。合金的动态再结晶形核方式为应变诱导晶界迁移形核,在高温低应变速率下,动态再结晶形核容易发生,再结晶的比例随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低而提高。展开更多
基金supported by Major Special Projects of Gansu Province,China(No.21ZD4WA017)University Industry Transformation Promotion Project of Gansu Province,China(No.2020C-11)+1 种基金the Program of“Science and Technology International Cooperation Demonstrative Base of Metal Surface Engineering along the Silk Road”,China(No.2017D01003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51901093)。
文摘Despite the fact that a few countries in the Mediterranean and the Middle East have limited crude oil reserves, they have abundant biomass feedstocks. For instance, Jordan relies heavily on the importation of natural gas and crude oil for its energy needs;but, by applying thermochemical conversion techniques, leftover olive oil can be used to replace these energy sources. Understanding the chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics of raw materials is essential to obtaining the most out of these conversion processes. Thermogravimetric analysis was used in this study to examine the thermal behavior of olive-solid residue (kernel) at three different heating rates (5, 20 and 40 C/min) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. The initial degradation temperature, the residual weight at 500 and 700˚C and the thermal degradation rate during the devolatilization stage (below 400˚C) were all determined. It was found that in N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> atmospheres, both the initial degradation temperature and the degradation rate increase with increasing heating rates. As heating rates increase in the N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, the residual weight at 500 or 700˚C decreases slightly, but at low heating rates compared to high heating rates in the O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, it decreases significantly. This suggests that a longer lignin oxidation process is better than a shorter one. Coats and Redfern approach was used to identify the mechanism and activation energy for the devolatilization stage of pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. The process mechanism analysis revealed that the model of first-order and second-order reactions may adequately describe the mechanism of heat degradation of the devolatilization step of olive-solid waste for pyrolysis and oxidation processes, respectively.
文摘利用等温热压缩实验,研究了TG700C合金变形温度为1050~1250℃、应变速率为1~20 s-1、变形量为60%变形条件下的热变形及动态再结晶行为。对材料高应变速率下的变形热效应进行了温升修正,获得了该合金的流变曲线和热变形本构方程,热变形过程的表观激活能为Q=624.762 k J/mol。该合金经过温升修正后的流变曲线呈现稳态的流变应力,不同变形温度和应变速率下合金的流变应力存在差异。合金的动态再结晶形核方式为应变诱导晶界迁移形核,在高温低应变速率下,动态再结晶形核容易发生,再结晶的比例随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低而提高。
