This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during m...This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during matches, many of the causes of these stresses can have an ongoing affect leading into pre- and post-game stresses. Identified causes of pre- and post-game stress have included players/coaches, spectators, other referees, commentators, previous results, weather, reputation of the team{s）, and the crowd. Preliminary results of the study have shown that referees suffering from stress are more inclined to ＂drop out＂ of refereeing as well as make mistakes when they are refereeing, including misinterpreting rules, missing incidents in matches which well as the cost/investment could result in players injuries. There is also the concern of the lack of numbers of new referees as in referees who drop out because of the stress and abuse.展开更多
This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrog...This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.展开更多
This paper presents the technical survey and the trend analysis of the driver support technologies such as a pre-crush braking system in Japan. In the first part, Vehicle Intelligence to assist drivers is defined by t...This paper presents the technical survey and the trend analysis of the driver support technologies such as a pre-crush braking system in Japan. In the first part, Vehicle Intelligence to assist drivers is defined by two objective functions which are both TGA （Target Generation Agent） and TAA （Target Accomplishment Agent）. TAA is mainly based on the conventional technologies that are braking smoothly, or driving with lower fuel consumption. On the other hand, TGA has the intelligent function instead of human drivers. The actual TGA are explained using some concrete driver support systems. After that, Japanese market introduction date and evolution of driver support systems are discussed with clarifying cognitive aspects which are the perception support, the judgment support and the execution support. And Key technologies underlying evolution of driver support systems are explained. Finally the author concludes that the knowledge and insights needed for intelligent driver support systems will be much more complex than in the case of autonomous vehicles that drive themselves.展开更多
文摘This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during matches, many of the causes of these stresses can have an ongoing affect leading into pre- and post-game stresses. Identified causes of pre- and post-game stress have included players/coaches, spectators, other referees, commentators, previous results, weather, reputation of the team{s）, and the crowd. Preliminary results of the study have shown that referees suffering from stress are more inclined to ＂drop out＂ of refereeing as well as make mistakes when they are refereeing, including misinterpreting rules, missing incidents in matches which well as the cost/investment could result in players injuries. There is also the concern of the lack of numbers of new referees as in referees who drop out because of the stress and abuse.
文摘This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network （TTCAN） with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor （or controller） monitor and process （or task） monitor technique based on the TYCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery man- agement system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.
文摘This paper presents the technical survey and the trend analysis of the driver support technologies such as a pre-crush braking system in Japan. In the first part, Vehicle Intelligence to assist drivers is defined by two objective functions which are both TGA （Target Generation Agent） and TAA （Target Accomplishment Agent）. TAA is mainly based on the conventional technologies that are braking smoothly, or driving with lower fuel consumption. On the other hand, TGA has the intelligent function instead of human drivers. The actual TGA are explained using some concrete driver support systems. After that, Japanese market introduction date and evolution of driver support systems are discussed with clarifying cognitive aspects which are the perception support, the judgment support and the execution support. And Key technologies underlying evolution of driver support systems are explained. Finally the author concludes that the knowledge and insights needed for intelligent driver support systems will be much more complex than in the case of autonomous vehicles that drive themselves.
