紫胶树脂稳定性的改进与应用

概述了紫胶树脂的历史应用及现代应用，阐述了其贮存不稳定性的原因，分析了改进其稳定性的原理及方法，着重总结了近年来在紫胶树脂稳定性改进方面所采用的化学及物理方法，包括形成化学键的化学反应及形成氢键或物理隔断的物理共混手段，在此基础上文末对未来紫胶树脂改性的方向和应用领域进行了展望。

三江平原小叶章种群构件生长规律与功能特征

从构件水平对典型草甸、沼泽化草甸、沼泽3个生境的小叶章种群各功能构件的生物量结构及生物量比率之间的关系进行了定量分析。结果表明，小叶章种群的个体生长和各构件生物量动态与环境条件关系密切。不同环境条件下，小叶章种群各功能构件生物量平均值具有相同的规律：茎构件〉叶构件。3个生境中小叶章整体种群水平具有一定的相似性。在地表无积水或湿润的典型草甸中，小叶章种群个体生物量和各构件生物量较沼泽化草甸和沼泽中大。不同生境下小叶章种群分株生物量的差异蕴涵着重要的生长调节和物质分配策略。3个生境均表现为优先分配茎器官，尤其是在地表无积水或湿润的典型草甸以及在不同程度季节性积水的沼泽化草甸中，小叶章种群把较多的物质分配给茎的伸长生长，以提高个体对空间和光资源的竞争。而在水分条件较好的沼泽中，小叶章种群把较多的物质分配到叶的建造上，以保证充分的物质生产。3个生境小叶章种群的叶、茎与分株的相对增重均具有相同的幂函数异速生长规律。

干旱区不同地下水埋深对荒漠植被生理的影响

地下水的埋深影响植物体内生理指标的含量，进而影响植物的生长发育，通过对不同地下水潜水埋深条件下的梭梭、柽柳生理指标的测定，分析在干旱胁迫下对梭梭、柽柳的生理指标的影响，研究表明：（1）在试验点1梭梭6月份的叶绿素a、b含量小于7、8月份的叶绿素含量，而柽柳的叶绿素含量是7月〉8月〉6月，梭梭和柽柳的光能利用率都是6月份最大；（2）干旱胁迫越大，梭梭、柽柳体内脯氨酸积累量越大，而在相同地下水潜水埋深的情况下，柽柳的脯氧酸含量的积累大于梭梭的脯氨酸含量的积累；（3）干旱胁迫越大，梭梭体内丙二醛和可溶性糖越大，但在地下水潜水埋深在6—8米时，柽柳积是可溶性糖和丙二醛出现异常，故在地下水埋深6．8米时，是柽柳积累可溶性糖和丙二醛的闯值。

紫胶树脂乳液的制备及应用研究概况

紫胶树脂应用广泛，但由于其本身的一些缺陷限制了其应用，其中之一就是紫胶树脂溶剂系统单一。现有紫胶树脂一水分散体系的制备方法不能满足其应用的要求。分析得出紫胶树脂乳液制备工艺的重点在于乳液制备方法的选择和紫胶树脂亲水性改性两个方面。概述了传统乳液制备方法，以及SPG膜、陶瓷膜等乳液制备新方法的成乳机理，并对现有乳液制备方法应用于紫胶树脂乳液制备的适用性进行了探讨。近年来，国内外学者对紫胶树脂亲水性改性的研究进展成果颇丰，在此基础上分析了紫胶树脂亲水性的改善对其乳液制备和乳液稳定性的影响。并对紫胶树脂乳液的制备和应用进行了展望。

原竹结构复合板木质门生产工艺初探

本试验是以直径为2－6cm的小径竹硬头黄竹为原料，通过木质门结构设计，按照原竹结构复合板生产原理，探索原竹结构复合板木质门的生产工艺流程，为原竹结构复合板在木质门的生产应用提供理论基础。结果表明：原竹结构复合板木质门的生产采用竹段交错组坯，聚醋酸乙烯酯为胶黏剂，以冷压方法压制。其中，压力为0．5MPa，时间为12h，温度为室内常温，涂胶量为190g／m2。经检测，木质门具有较好的质量，但木质门厚度偏差较大，与竹段弯曲度和施胶量不均匀有关。

硬头黄竹——木质材料复合板材生产工艺初探

以硬头黄竹为原料，按照人造板生产方法通过原料干燥、竹材加工、组坯、施胶、施压、后期加工等工序生产硬头黄竹与木质材料复合板材。结果表明：硬头黄竹与木质材料复合板材压制过程工序简单易实现，单元制造没有完全破坏竹材结构，只对竹段进行竹壁的表面处理，有效利用了竹材的结构，在施压工序采用冷压，条件要求低，能耗较低。

珍稀濒危物种黄檗的研究现状

黄檗，是分布于温带阔叶林和混交林和珍稀濒危物种。黄檗种群的规模不断减小，这其中有人为过度利用的原因，也有物种本身的生物学原因。本文以已有的研究成果为基础，从资源现状、繁殖方法和生物组织学等方面详细分析了导致该种珍稀濒危的生物学机理，结果表明，黄檗对立地条件的要求，其枯落物对种子萌发的抑制作用，种子的传播特点，以及高经济价值引起的过度利用是其种群规模较小的主要原因，而目前有限的保护措施和方法也是导致其种群未能扩大的重要原因。从保护和恢复珍稀濒危黄檗种群的角度，建议增加以保护生态系统生物多样性为目的的自然保护区并建立种植园以保护其优秀种质。

兴安落叶松林生长季土壤水势动态特征

兴安落叶松在大兴安岭分布广泛,土壤水分变化与其生长、发育关系密切,二者相互影响。通过测定兴安落叶松林不同深度土壤水势,研究兴安落叶松林生长季土壤水势的月、日变化特征。结果表明,土壤水势均值随深度增加而减小。20、80cm土壤水势变化程度大,40、60cm变化较为平缓。60cm土壤水势值较能反应林下土壤水势的大小。各深度土壤水势均采用三次函数拟合较好。生长季土壤水势在20cm呈整体下降趋势,40、60、80cm呈较快上升后平缓下降趋势。5、6月为土壤聚水期,水势上升迅速,土壤水势随深度增加而下降。7、8、9、10月为土壤失水期,水势下降平缓,土壤水势随深度增加而上升。土壤水势变化响应降水量、土壤温度的变化。土壤水势日变化特征:除5月20cm土壤水饱和外,各月20、40、60cm日变化特征一致,80cm在7、10月与其它深度特征不同。一天中,土壤水势极值常出现在7点左右与9点左右。

珍贵树种筛选造林评价体系的构建与应用研究

以观赏性、经济性、文化性、抗逆性、适应性五方面为评价指标，在专家咨询和市场调查的基础上，确定了19个评价因子，运用层次分析法对长兴现有的12个主要珍贵树种进行了综合评判。从中选择出可以在本地区推广平原造林的3个品种：银杏、榉树、黄连木；推广山地造林的2个品种：光皮桦、浙江楠。初步建立了珍贵树种筛选造林综合评价体系，对于指导林业生产实践，进一步推动珍贵树种资源的发展，具有现实意义。

Restoration and Reconstruction of the Industrialand Mineral Industry Ecosystem

Large amount of toxic contanminants are being released to the environment around the global from rapid urbanization andindustrialization. Among such contaminants are industiral wastes and ore tailing that result from worldwide mining acticities. Inmining operations and ecological restoration projects increase public perception of mining companies. The effects of minieralindustry and ore tailing to environment were studied and the restoration measurements, such as soil and waste materials ecologicaltreament, water purification and recycling, vegetation ecological design, are proposed as successfully designs to achieve anoptimum recovery of the waste lands.

Heterosis Estimation for Growth Traits and Wood Properties of Eucalyptus urophylla under Two Sites in Southern China

Heterosis is a quicker,cheaper and easier method for increasing plantation production,and heterosis studies can provide the basis for exploitation of valuable hybrid combinations in breeding programs.Growth traits,wood properties,and bark percentage were assessed for 6×6 full diallel progenies of E.urophylla in southern China measured at age 4 years.Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences on all studied traits except dynamic modulus of elasticity among combinations.The mean diameter at breast height,wood basic density,and dynamic modulus of elasticity were 9.40 to 12.20 cm,0.45 to 0.47 g cm-3,and 5.04 to 5.72 GPa,respectively.The coefficients of variation ranged from 18.18%to 50.43%for growth traits,9.07%to 55.24%for wood properties and 22.26%to 23.93%for bark percentage.The heterosis estimation on diameter at breast height,wood basic density,and dynamic modulus of elasticity were-24.07%to 18.74%,-14.23%to 9.17%and-25.53%to 16.28%.U22×U56 generally had higher heterosis of growth traits and wood properties through three sites.Same combinations had different original and reciprocal heterosis estimation at two sites even on same traits.The combinations of same parents always had similar original and reciprocal heterosis estimation.

Review of the Studies on Vegetation Restoration of Degraded Pinus Massoniana Woodlands in China

Pinus massoniana resources in Southern China are abundant which play extremely important role in forest resources.However,most of Pinus massoniana woodlands have occurred different degrees of degradation and these woodlands are difficult to play forest ecosystem functions.Therefore,how to restore the ecological functions of the degraded woodland is a serious problem.This paper summarizes the vegetation restoration ways,restoration patterns and their benefits in order to provide references for further management of degraded woodland in different areas.Meanwhile,the study prospects of degraded Pinus massoniana woodland were proposed,which enrich the study contents of ecological restoration of degraded woodland.

Growth Traits of Toona Ciliata under Different Fertilization Levels in Guangdong Province

Toona ciliate,which belongs to Toona of Meliaceae,is a rare and native timber species in China.However,little progress has been made in the cultivation of Toona ciliate.The height and diameter at breast height of Toona ciliata were assessed for fertilization cultivation techniques aged 1 year.Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences on height among different treatments and replicates and the difference on diameter at breast height among different replicate was also significantly.Treatment with 200 g urea(N>46.5%)+60 g superphosphate(P2O5>12.0%)+100 g potassium chloride(K2O>60.0%)could improve the height and diameter at breast height of Toona ciliate.In summary,more fertilizer could not always improve the growth traits and the site location could affect the growth significantly,therefore more test trials should be carried out before diffusion.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Selected Sengon(Paraseranthes Falcataria)Clones Using SSR Markers Dirived from Acacia Species

Understanding of genetic diversity among sengon(paraseranthes falcataria)is very important for selection and improvement of its breeding.This study determined the genetic diversity among the previous preferred 36 clones which selected from 6 districts.Of 8 Paraserianthes falcataria SSR markers and 76 SSR markers selected from Acacia species,only 13 markers showed polymorphic pattern and amplified a total of 61 alleles.The polymorphism information content(PIC)value at a locus ranged from 0.099 to 0.799.The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9 with an average of 4.92.Six SSR markers were highly informative and had PIC values above 0.60.The results demonstrated that the SSR DNA-markers developed from Acacia species could be successfully used to differentiate genotypes of P.falcataria.Cluster analysis of SSR data using UPGMA separated 36 clones into 2 divergent clusters at similarity coefficient of 0.56.The diverse clones identified in the study would be useful for developing intraspecific hybrids to exploit hybrid vigour and for commercial cultivation to broaden genetic base.Meanwhile,the DNA fingerprints obtained for each clone can be used for identification of breeding population and accelerate research of P.falcataria breeding.

Genetic Variation in Growth Traits of Toonaciliata Families in Guangdong Province

The height and diameter at breast height were assessed for 173 Toona ciliata families at age 18 months. Analysis of varianceshowed that there were highly significant differences on height and diameter at breast height at Xinhui with 4.60 to 15.08 of Fvalue, indicating the family and replicate could affect the growth. The significant differences were also found on height anddiameter at breast height among provennances and replicates, however there was no significant differences on diameter at breastheight among families at Liangping, indicating the nearly growth speed on diameter at breast height. The coefficient of geneticvariation of height and diameter at breast height were 42.19% and 44.89% at Xinhui while those were 42.10% and 44.23% atLiangping. Heritabilities were were 0.88 for height, 0.90 for diameter at breast height at Xinhui and 0.97 for height, 0.37 fordiameter at breast height at Liangping. Family No. 169, 143, 154, 149 and 153 had significantly slowest growth whereas familyNo. 8, 1, 4, 116 and 39 were the higher growing at Xinhui. Family No. 134, 11, 86, 121 and 43 had significantly slowest growthwhereas family No. 123, 24, 89, 105 and 51 were the higher growing on height at Liangping. Furthermore, the mean values ofheight were nearly in two sites, however the diameter at breast height at Xinhui were bigger than Lianping probably due to theinsect pest.

玛纳斯河流域下游荒漠植物-柽柳光合蒸腾及耗水规律研究

本文采用热扩散茎流计测定技术,研究了玛纳斯河流域典型荒漠植物柽柳的蒸腾耗水规律及其与气象因子的相关性,以及光合蒸腾与环境因子的关系,并建立了柽柳蒸腾量与参考作物蒸发量之间的关系,结果如下:(1)柽柳液流密度受太阳辐射、温度和空气湿度的影响较大,平均值排序:雨后晴天>雨前晴天>阴雨天。柽柳的枝条尺度与其冠层尺度的蒸腾作用显著相关(R2=0.719)。(2)测坑试验和野外试验中,PAR是人工和原生荒漠柽柳净光合速率的主要决策变量,RH是原生柽柳的主要限制变量。测坑、野外试验柽柳Tr的均值7月最大。柽柳的WUE日均值在1.12左右。(3)2012年和2013年,测坑试验柽柳的液流量分别是97mm、103mm;野外试验柽柳液流量分别为:45mm、53mm;柽柳耗水高峰期是6月和7月。(4)参考作物蒸发量(ET0)与柽柳蒸腾耗水量(SF)之间存在着显著的线性关系:ET0=1.495+0.737SF,R2=0.610。