THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN STREAM LAYER AND ON STREAM SURFACE AND A DIMENSION SPLIT METHODS

In this paper,we proposal stream surface and stream layer.By using classical tensor calculus,we derive 3-D Navier-Stokes Equations(NSE)in the stream layer under semigeodesic coordinate system,Navier-Stokes equation on the stream surface and 2-D Navier-Stokes equations on a two dimensional manifold. After introducing stream function on the stream surface,a nonlinear initial-boundary value problem satisfies by stream function is obtained,existence and uniqueness of its solution are proven.Based this theory we proposal a new method called"dimension split method"to solve 3D NSE.

ISOLATION AND INDUCTION OF RABBIT BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TO EXPRESS CHONDROCYTIC PHENOTYPE

Objective To isolate rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and observe the inducing effect of growth factors on MSCs to express chondrocytic phenotype. Methods MSCs were seperated from bone marrow of New Zealand rabbit. TGF-β 1, IGF-I, Vitamin C and dexamethasone were added into culture medium to induce proliferation and differention of MSCs. Procollagen α1(Ⅱ) mRNA in cells was detected by RT-PCR to observe the chondrogenous effect of inducing factors. ALP in culture medium was detected by automatic biochemical analyser, and lipid droplet in cells was stained by Sudan Ⅲ to clarify whether these factors given had osteogenic and adipogenic potential. Results Expression of articular cartilage specific procollagen α1 (Ⅱ)mRNA was promoted by inducing factors-TGF-β 1, IGF-I, Vitamine C and dexamethasone; elevated level of ALP in culture medium and lipid droplet in cells were also detected. Whereas ALP level was decreased and lipid stain were negative in groups without dexamethasone. Conclusion ① Expression of chondrocytic phenotype by MSCs could be induced by the synergistic action of TGF-β 1, IGF-I and Vitamine C. ② Dexmathasone had osteogenic and adipogenic potential, it should not be chosen to induce chondrogenic differention of MSCs.

THE ROLE OF BRAIN-STEM DISCENDING INHIBITORY SYSTEM IN THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT ELICITED BY MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS

Objective To analyse the antinociceptive effect of muscle spindle afferents and the involved mechanism.Methods The single unit of wide dynamic range neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn were recorded extracelluarly.The effects of muscle spindle afferents elicited by intravenous administration of succinylcholine on nociceptive responses (C fibres evoked responses,C responses) of WDR neurons were observed before and after bilateral lesions of ventrolateral periaqueduct gray .And the effects of muscle spindle afferents on the spontaneous discharge of the tail flick related cell in the rostral ventro medial medulla and on the spontaneous discharge of the PAG neurons were observed.Results The C responses of WDR neurons were significantly inhibited by muscle spindle afferents,and the inhibitory effects were reduced by bilateral lesions of ventrolateral PAG.The spontaneous discharge of the off cell in the RVM was excited while the on cell was inhibited by intravenous administration of Sch.The spontaneous discharge of the PAG neurons were excited by muscle spindle afferents.Conclusion Muscle spindle afferents show a distinct effect of antinociception.PAG RVM descending inhibitory system may play an important role in this nociceptive modulative mechanism.

EFFECTS OF DIPSACUS ASPER AND VITAMIN E ON THE SS NEURONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION OF RAT MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Objective To study the effects of Dipsacus Asper and Vitamin E on the SS neurons in the hippocampal formation of rat models of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods Established rat models of AD by giving water containing AlCl 3, then treating them with Dipsacus Asper and Vitamin E(VE) for three months, observed the changing condition of rats’ memory through behavior tests, and studied changes of SS neurons in hippocampal formation with immunohistochemical ABC method. Results 3 months after treatment, behavior tests showed that rats’ memory was improved and the SS neurons in each region of hippocampal formation were increased, In CA1,CA2,CA3 and dentate gyrus, there were significant differences among treated groups and control group( P <0.05). In addition to the differences of quantity, the shape of SS neurons changed too: cytoplasm was stained strongly and equally, bodies and processes were rather clear.Conclusion Dipsacus Asper and Vitamin E can restore the SS neurons in AD models and SS neurons in hippocampal formation are related to AD’s cause and development.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ROLES OF ENDOGENOUS OUABAIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION

Objective To explore the relationship between endogenous ouabain and the pathogenesis of hypertension. Methods ① Sixteen Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups, and then the rats were injected with ouabain in dosage of 20μg/kg.d and normal saline (NS), respectively. The indirect systolic blood pressure of all the rats were recorded once a week. ② Twenty five 1k1c (one kidney and one clipped) hypertensive rats were established and injected randomly with anti ouabain antibody, normal rabbit IgG and normal saline, respectively. The direct blood pressure of all the 1klc hypertensive rats were recorded by cannulated carotid artery for 3h after administration. Results The systolic blood pressure of rats injected with ouabain began to increase 2 weeks after ouabain administration and increased significantly at 6 weeks compared with NS group (17.7±1.2)kPa vs (15.4±1.1)kPa, P <0.01).Anti ouabain antibody could significantly decrease the blood pressure of 1k1c rats, while the normal rabbit IgG could not. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that endogenous ouabain might be one of the pathogenetic factors of hypertension.

EFFECTS OF REINFORCED DECOCTION OF ANGELICAE SINENSIS FOR ENRICHING BLOOD ON THE IMMUNITY OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSED MICE

Objective To investigate the effect of reinforced Decoction of Angelicae Sinensis for enriching blood (RDAEB) on the immunity of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Methods Mice were given RDAEB through stomach perfusion for 10 d (50 mg/d). Then, RBC-C3bR rate,RBC-IC rate (as the index- es of erythrocyte immunity)and E-rosette forming rate,acidic a-naphthyl acetate esterase positive rate, lymphocyte transformation rate (as the indexes of cellular immunity) of mice were tested. Results RBC-C3Br rate, RBC-IC rat- e,E-rosette forming rate, acidic α-naphthyl acetate esterase positive rate and lymphocyte transformation rate in the Cy-RDAEB group were markedly higher than those in the Cy group (P<0.0l),and returned to the levels of normal group. Conclusion RDAEB is effective in recovering and enhancing cellular and erythrocyte immunity of immuno- suppressed mice.

EFFECTS OF DESENSITIZATION AND REBOUND TO ADENOSINE ON ACTION POTENTIAL AND CONTRACTILITY IN ATRIAL CELLS IN GUINEA-PIGS

Objective To investigate the effects of desensitization and rebound to adenosine(Ado) on action potential duration(APD) and contractility in guinea-pig atrial cells. Methods Electrical activity was recorded using standard intracellular microelectrode technique and contractility was recorded using. We studied the effects of adenosine on the action potential and desensitization of contractility and rebound of contractility. Results The results showed that action potential duration were shortened by 1,10, 100μ mol·L -1Ado, the ratio of shortened APD was ( 9.58± 1.40)%,(13.80±2.26)%,(24.80±3.19)%, respectively. 1 μ mol·L -1Ado had no desensitization ( P >0.05), but the time of desensitization of 10μ mol·L -1 Ado and 100μ mol·L -1 Ado was 1 minute( P <0.05) and 5 minutes( P < 0.05), respectively. The desensitization of contractility of 10?μ mol·L -1 Ado was obvious in atrial cells, the decrease of contractility of 10?μ mol·L -1 Ado was obvious in atrial cells, the decrease of contractility was changed from (31.4± 16.04)%(2 minutes) to (50.60±15.87)% (4 minutes), compared with control. After washing out Ado, contractility was shown to rebound, the ratio of increase of contractility by 1,10,100 μ mol·L -1 Ado was (12.38±7.50)%,(19.00± 8.14)% and (27.60±13.44)%, respectively. Conclusion Ado can abbreviate APD in atrial cells. The desensitization of Ado on APD is characterized by concentration-dependent and time-dependent in atrial cells, and the desensitization of contractility of Ado is obvious and contractility was shown to rebound after washing out Ado.

VFT PHASE VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT IN THREE-PHASE ENCLOSED GIS

The measuring of VFT phase voltage in three-phase enclosed GIS is more complex and difficult than in single-phase ones. There are 3 capacitive sensors in the measuring system, the outputs of which are with a linear relation to the three phase voltages. This linear relation is presented with a factorial matrix. Because each capacitive sensor is coupled with the electric field of three phases (A, B, and C), the electric coupling coefficients are introduced. In order to determine the matrix of electric coupling coefficients, the numerical calculation method can be used. From the discussion on two types of three-phase enclosed GIS bus, i.e. standard arrangement and biased arrangement, the dominant electric coupling coefficients are named, which can be simply and approximately calculated by an analytic expression. Finally, as an example, the waveforms of VFT phase voltage generated on a three-phase enclosed GIS bus model are displayed. When a capacitive sensor is located at the ’shortest point’ of phase A (or B, or C), the VFT phase voltage V A (or V B, or V C) can almost be measured by that capacitive sensor alone.

EFFECT OF THE TOTAL SAPONIN OF DIPSACUS ASPER ON INTRACELLULAR FREE CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN THE CELLULAR MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY

Objective To study the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and total saponin of dipsacus asper on intracellular free calcium concentration mediated by β amyloid protein.So as to lay a foundation for developing effective Chinese traditional medicine to treat Alzheimer’s disease.Methods The technique of laser scanning confocal microscopy combining primary cultured neurons was adopted to quantitatively analyze the change of [Ca 2+ ] i.Results The [Ca 2+ ] i of primary cultured hippocampal neurons was nmol·L -1 on basal levels.Control group showed obvious change of calcium vibration,[Ca 2+ ] i was elevated to nmol·L -1 .The peak of [Ca 2+ ] i of Rb1 group reached nmol·L -1 and was lower than that of control group .The tSDA group displayed distinct change of calcium vibration too,and [Ca 2+ ] i reached nmol·L -1 .There was a significant difference in [Ca 2+ ] i between control and tSDA group .Conclusion The research indicated that one of mechanisms by which Rb1 and tSDA protected the neurons was to maintain the balance of [Ca 2+ ] i.

EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF SOD, GSH-Px AND MDA LEVEL IN FEMALE RATS' BRAIN

Objective To observe the effects of chronic emotional stress on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malonialdehyde (MDA) level in female rats’ brain. Methods The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (group N), emotional stress group (group E), emotional stress + pregnancy group (group E+P) and regularly drinking group (group R). Emotional stress in rats was induced by training rats with empty drinking bottles. Having been finished the stress procedure, the brain was taken out and homogenized. Then the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and MDA level were measured. Results Compared to group N, both the activities of SOD in brain tissues of group E and group E+P were significantly decreased ( P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively) while the MDA level increased ( P <0.05). However, the extent of changes in group E+P was more obvious than that in E. GSH-Px activities in E+P and E were significantly changed. However, the GSH-Px activity in E+P was decreased ( P <0.05) while the activity in E increased ( P <0.05).Conclusion The chronic emotional stress can reduce the antioxidative system by decreasing the antioxidative enzyme activity and potentiating the lipid peroxidation in the brain. It is also suggested that the combination of emotional stress and pregnancy can augment the oxidative damage in rats’ brain.

APOPTOSIS AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS

Objective To confirm the role played by apoptosis in spinal cord injury. Methods 36 rats models of spinal cord injury were made by Allen method. Histological examinations using HE staining and in situ end-labeling were used to observe apoptosis in spinal cord tissues from 1h to 21d after injury. Results HE staining sections showed hemorrhage and necrosis, neuronal degeneration and glial cell proliferation. In situ end-labeling sections showed the appearance of apoptosis in both gray and white matter as well as in both central and surrounding region. The number of apoptotic cells increased from l2h after injury, increased to the peak at 4d and declined to normal at 21d. Conclusion The results suggest that apoptosis, especially glial apoptosis, plays a role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury.

STUDY ON GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY IN SLOW TRANSIT CONSTIPATION

Objective To investigate motor activity of gastrointestinal tract in patients with slow transit constipation. Methods 42 patients with STC and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. Each subject underwent colonic transit test, gastric emptying, orocecal transit time, electromyography and anorectal manometry. Results According to transit index, 42 STC patients were divided into 3 types: ①0.5<TI≤1.0, slow rectosigmoid transit 15 cases; ②TI=0.5, colorectal stasis 10 cases; ③0<TI≤0.5, slow colonic transit 17 cases. Gastric emptying rate at the fourth hour was decreased in STC patients than in controls . The mean orocaecal transit time was significantly delayed in the patients . Paradoxical anal sphincter contraction with defecation effort was higher prevalent in patients with slow rectosigmoid transit and colorectal stasis than patients with slow colonic transit. Minimum relaxation volume and maximal rectal tolerable volume were significantly increased in STC patients . Conclusion STC displayed colonic abnormality, and/or pelvic floor dysfunction. In addition, it showed motor abnormalities of upper gut, might be part of a pan enteric motor disorders.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOGENOUS OUABAIN SECRETION FROM CULTURED BOVINE ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS

Objective To compare the characteristics or endogenous ouabaln(EO) secretion with the other adrenocortical hormones and determine the effects of angiotensin I (Ang I ), and ad reno corticotrophin (ACTH ) on the secretion or EO. Methods EO was measured by radioimmunoassay from primary cultured bovine adrenocotical cells (BAC). Results oouabain was determined in the media or cultured BAC. Both EO and aldosterone secretion were decreased from the 6uter to inner layer or the cultured adrenal cortex, and the responses to Ang I and ACTH were hlgher than that in the mld layer (P <o. o5) and inner layer (P <o. o1 ). Cortisol secretion was activated by Ang I or ACTH was slgnificantly higher in the mid layer and in the inner layer than that in the outer layer. The tlme-course experlment showed that the gradually rising amounts or aldosterone and cortisol could be determined during the continuous incubation to 48h wlth or without Ang I or ACTH. However, EO did not increase continuously arter 24h or incubation in the basal secreting sltuation and arter 12h of lncubatiou in the stimulating situation by Ang,or ACTH. There were obvlous drops in aldosterone and cortisol secretlou from 3rd day during a 21 day-perlod cell culture, but the peak secretion of ouabain was in 7th day. Conclusion it suggests that the secretory mechanism might be different between EO and aldosterone or cortisol. Also, Ang I and ACTR might be involved in the regulation of Eo secretion.

ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS INTRODUCED INTEGRATION AND EXPRESSION OF FOREIGN GENES IN PC12 CELLS

Objective To investigate integration and expression of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in neuronal PC12 cells,the result of which can be applied in further gene therapy of diseases of the central nervous sys- tem. Methods Human neurotrophin-3(hNT3)genes were inserted into AAV vectors. Then the recombinat AAV plas- mids were encapsidated as recombinant virions. PCl2 cells were transfected with the virions and the positive cells were selected by G418. The transfection positive (hNT3 modified)PC12 cells were cultured for several generations and the cellular genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted. We investigated the integration locus or AAV vectors by South- ern blot and transcript situation or foreign genes by dot blot. Results The hybridization tests showed that AAV in- troduced foreign genes were stably integrated, but at random locus, and robustly transcribed in hNT3 modified PCl2 cells. Conclusion AAV vectors can serve as high efficiency vectors or target genes in neuronal PC12 cells.

REGULATION OF INTESTINAL DYSBACTERIOSIS OF BURNED RATS BY MICROECOSYSTEM REGULATORS

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using synbiotics and probiotics to prevent and cure in- testinal dysbacteriosis after burn. Methods Burned rats were fed with synbiotics and probiotics reagents. and the amounts of major intestinal florae in caecal contents were detected. Results The major physiological anaerobes were mostly stable, and the conditioned pathogens had no abnormal. Conclusion Tke micro-ecosystem regulator can quickly supplement the decreased physiological anaerobes caused by burning,and avoid the occurrence of dysbacterio- sis.

THE STUDIES OF SERUM CVB-SPECIFIC IgM ANTIBODY AND NITRIC OXIDE AMONG THE PATIENTS WITH LATENT AND CHRONIC KESHAN DISEASE

Objective To investigate the serum coxsackie virus B(CVB) infection and nitric oxide (NO)level of the patients suffer from latent or chronic Keshan disease and their characteristics in the etiopathology of Keshan disease. Methods Sera were isolated from 30 patients with latent or chronic Keshan disease in Huangling county. Shaanxi Province, and the CVB-specific IgM antibody and NO were tested. Control groups were health subjects in Huangling county or Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province. Results The percentage of CVB-specific IgM positive in patients in Huangling county was significantly higher than that of both control groups in Huangling county and Xi’an city (P< 0.05). The serum level of NO In patients was significantly higher than that of the control group in Huangling county (P<0.05).however,compared with control group in Xi’an city. there was no difference (P>0.05). In CVB-specific IgM positive patients,the serum level of NO was significantly higher than that of CVB-specific 1gM negative group (P <0.05). Conclusion CVB infection and serum NO level might be related to the etiopathology and the development of Keshan disease.

THE EXPRESSION OF BCL-2 AND BAX PROTEINS IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND PRECANCEROUS LESIONS

Objective To investigate the variance of expression of bcl-2 and bax genes in the genesis or gastric carcinoma as well as their relationship. Methods Thirty-five cases of early-stage gastric carcinoma and Twenty-four cases ot chronic atrophic gastritis were studied by immunohistochemical method. Results There were no statistical differences of bcl-2 expression levels between gastric carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia or paracancerous intestinal- epithelial metaplasia(IEM) (P>0.05).There were statistical differences of bcl-2 expression between normal epithe- lial tissues (or non-cancerous IEM) and the other three groups(P<0.05), but no statistical difference between the normal epithelial and the non-cancerous IEM group was observed(P>0.05). The expressions or bax protein were found in the normal epithelial and the other groups in varying degrees,but there were no statistical differences be- tween either two of the groups (P>0.05). The bcl-2/bax ratio was higher in early-stage gastric carcinoma,atypical hy- perplasia and paracancerous intestinal-metaplasia than in the non-cancerous intestinal-metaplasia (P<0.05) and nor- mal epithelial tissues(P<0.01). Conclusion The abnormal expression of bcl-2 protein and bax protein,especially the increased bcl-2/bax ratio, probably play an important role in the course of carcinogenesis or gastric carcinoma.

EXPRESSING HUMAN MATURED BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE IN E.Coli AND DETERMINING ITS BIOACTIVITY

Objective Expressing the human matured brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) gene in E. Coli and determining its bioactivity. Methods The resulting gene of mBDNF was subcloned into the EcoRI-BamHI site or the expression vector plasmid pBV220. The ligation products were used to transform the competent E. Coli DH5a. The proteins or mBDNF were experessed by temperature inducing. The expression products were dealed with solubilizing inclusion bodies and refolding protein. It was introduced into the embryonic chicken DRG to test whether the expressed mBDNF is a biologically active protein. Results The recombinant plasmid pBV/mBDNF was success- fully constructed. By temperature inducing, under the control of the bacteriophage λPL promoter, the experessed mBDNF protein was a 14Kd non-fusion protein,which existed in E. Coli as inclusion bodies. The size or expressed mBDNF is identical to the prediction. Bioactivity of the products was proved that it could support the cell survival and neurite growth in the primary cultures of embryonic 8-day-old chicken DRG neurons as compared to control. Conclusion Tke mBDNF gene can be expressed bioactively in E. Coli.