Traditional Chinese Medicine's Spleen Strengthening and Intestinal Microecology

The"spleen"in traditional Chinese medicine is the"acquired foundation"and the"source of qi and blood biochemistry".Strengthening the"spleen"is one of the important treat‐ment methods in traditional Chinese medicine;The gut microbiota has been a hot topic in modern scientific research in recent years,and its nutritional and immune functions correspond to some of the functions of the spleen in traditional Chinese medicine.In terms of philosophy,traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the balance between the spleen and the gut microbiota,emphasizing the importance of supporting the right and eliminating evil,preventing diseases before they occur,seeking the root cause of treat‐ment,and adapting measures to the three causes;Clinically,the treatment of obesity,con‐stipation,diarrhea and other diseases by invigorating the spleen and the treatment mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion,chiropractic and invigorating the spleen are all related to microecology.This article combines relevant literature on traditional Chinese medicine's"spleen"and"spleen health"to explore the treatment concept,clinical application,and correlation with intestinal microbiota of traditional Chinese medicine's"spleen health".It also elaborates on the latest literature,aiming to exchange ideas with peers and promote research on the microbiota of traditional Chinese medicine's"spleen".

The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine Became a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia became nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed by Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which began in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the establishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited bachelor degrees, and the development, by the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of tribalism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee brought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were published by AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collaborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. Despite national registration, some barriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lobby the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans Affairs.

Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China,Wang Qingren(王清任),after years of clinical trials,became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine(TCM).Kou Langao(寇兰皋)and Xu Zimo(徐子默),both medical practitioners,constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of typhoid.They represented“School of Cholera with Cold Patterns”(SCCP).In the 1860s,with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s(王士雄)studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease,the“School of Cholera with Heated Patterns”(SCHP)prevailed thereafter.The two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and treatment.By reviewing previous literature,books,clinical cases,and historical materials in medical field,this article aims 1)to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty;2)to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence;3)to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification,and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

The Transmission,Establishment and Cross-cultural Integration of Chinese Medicine in the Mainstream Healthcare,through the Eyes of a Generation of Visionaries and Pioneers

It has historically been very difficult to trace the history of the westward transmission of Chinese medicine through the accounts of its protagonists. Many of the early scholars such as Jack Worsley, Dick Van Buren, and Joe Goodman were reluctant to divulge information about the source of their knowledge, or their professional qualifications. Others, such as John Shen and Hong Yuan-bain were early 20th century immigrants who transmitted highly personalized versions of acupuncture and Chinese medicine to select disciples. Eventually, a new class of scholars appeared, including names such as Ted Kaptchuk, Peter Deadman, Nigel Wiseman, William Morris, Peter Eckman, John Mc Donald, Charles Buck, and the late Giovanni Maciocia who looked for answers back in China, developed translation methodologies and terminology, compiled the main textbooks currently in use at TCM colleges, overcame enormous scholastic adversity, developed courses and pursued the regulation and accreditation of TCM in various countries. This special issue synopsizes the path towards the global acculturation of TCM over the last 50 years, the main protagonists, the enormous accomplishments they have achieved for the profession, their philosophy, their clinical perspectives and visions for the future.

The Dissemination and Development of Chinese Medicine in Pakistan

The article focuses on the dissemination and development of Chinese medicine in Pakistan.Religious records show that Chinese medicine was introduced to Pakistan as early as 1,400 years ago,while Hijama(Chinese cupping)was used by Prophet Hazrat Muhammad to cure different types of diseases.Exchanges and cooperations between China and Pakistan continue to the present day.Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy,cupping therapy and herbal medicine are practiced with significant merits in today’s Pakistan.In the future,with the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative and the landmark project of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,Chinese medicine can be strengthened through cooperations at the herbal medicine trade level,the research and development level,the educational level,and the social association level.

Growth of Chinese Medicine in Iran: Past, Present, and Prospects

The international recognition of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has continuously increased,and that medical practice has gradually become incorporated into the medical systems of many nations.As an important country in the Belt and Road Initiative,Iran has enormous potential for cooperation with China in medical and health care.High-level officials of the two countries attach great importance to cooperation in both areas.Despite the recent rapid development of TCM in Iran,that medical practice still faces many problems;examples here are the lack of practitioners of TCM as well as the paucity of comprehensive cooperation among herbal medicine factories,publishing houses,traditional medicine colleges,and universities in the two countries.The present study collected and analyzed materials related to the practice of TCM in Iran;it made a deep examination of the current situation,problems,and development prospects regarding TCM in Iran with the aim of providing ideas and references to promote the international development of that form of medicine.Following an analysis of the development trends of TCM in Iran in recent years,it became evident that the prospects for TCM in that country are extensive,and the practice has excellent potential.

Chinese Medicine,Acupuncture and Science

Ever since the introduction of Western biomedicine into China, there has been friction between proponents of this new approach, and proponents of the traditional medical practices that had evolved over thousands of years in China. For the most part, this friction has been couched in the unexamined assumption that Western medicine is based on science, while Chinese medicine is not. This article will examine that assumption, which in this author’s opinion is unjustified and incorrect. Having practiced acupuncture for the past 50 years, after receiving my doctoral degrees in medicine and physiology, my thinking on this topic has also evolved over time. I will begin this article with some historical information that bears on the topic under discussion, followed by my personal ideas about how to resolve the confiicts that have arisen.

Introduction of Western Medicines into China and Improvement on Decoctions during Modern China

During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese medicines.Some personages in the TCM community followed the trend of learning from the West,and attempted to reform TCM,with the improvement on decoction becoming an important aspect of this effort.Through debates and trials,the improvement on decoction underwent three stages of conceptual evolution:“taking Chinese medicines as the foundation and referring to the dosage forms of Western medicines”,“introducing Western techniques to serve the preparation of decoctions”and“integrating the theories of TCM and Western medicine to improve decoctions”.The study highlights the effective complementarity between modern TCM and Western medicine in the field of pharmacy,and provides valuable experience and support for the reevaluation of the value of TCM in contemporary society.

An Exploration of How Practitioners Make Meaning in a Chinese Medicine Consultation and Treatment

In Chinese medicine, practitioners assess patients’ complaints, analyze their underlying problems, identify causes and come to a diagnosis, which then directs treatment. What is not obvious and not recorded in a consultation is the clinical reasoning process that practitioners use. The research filmed three practitioners in the UK while they conducted a consultation and treatment on new patients. The practitioners and researchers viewed the films and used them as aide-memoirs while the reasoning process throughout was discussed. In order to determine the pattern, practitioners used the four examinations to gather information from the patient in an iterative process;their aesthetic reasoning was highly developed. Through triangulation they checked the information they received against a detailed understanding of the qi-dynamic. They used highly analytical strategies of forward(inductive) and backward(deductive) reasoning against the prototypes of the signs and symptoms that indicate a specific Zheng. This was achieved through an abductive process that linked description with explanation and causal factors with pathological mechanisms. The feedback loop with the patient continued through the consultation and into the treatment. A process of translation and interpretation was needed to turn the patient’s story into the practitioner’s story of qi-dynamics that then directed the treatment. Awareness of our clinical reasoning process will mitigate against biases, improve our diagnoses and treatment choices and support the training of students.

Feasibility and Challenges of Interactive AI for Traditional Chinese Medicine: An Example of ChatGPT

As a complementary and alternative medicine(CAM),traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)represents an established medical system with a rich history and abundant clinical experience.TCM is an empirical medicine,the process of which is analogous to ChatGPT’s learning and development model.In TCM,inquiry is a relatively objective way of traditional syndrome differentiation.Although various artificial intelligence systems related to TCM consultation exist,their interactive abilities remain limited.The study standardized the primary complaint and instructed ChatGPT to simulate a TCM practitioner,conducting three comprehensive inquiry tests.The results yielded unexpected conclusions,revealing that ChatGPT could simulate a TCM practitioner’s inquiry with patients,confirming its potential in the field of TCM inquiry.However,current applications still pose certain limitations and risks.Hence,to integrate ChatGPT-like language models with traditional TCM AI to establish an associative mode that can facilitate TCM diagnosis and treatment with more convenience and standardization is crucial,yet at the same time,it should be treated very carefully.

The Value of Traditional Medicine Should not be Underestimated-Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system(ADNS)are characterized by the formation of a pronounced neurologic deficit and often lead to disability.The attention of doctors and researchers is increasingly attracted by complementary medicine as adjuvant or preventive therapy for various diseases,including autoimmune diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a combination of treatment methods that include acupuncture,herbal medicine,dietetics,physical exercises,and other methods that are often used in conjunction with recognized approaches of official medical science.The article describes the application of TCM techniques in autoimmune diseases of the nervous system,and demonstrates clinical experience in the use of acupuncture,herbal medicine,diets and physical exercises.Traditional and complementary medicine is an important and often underestimated healthcare resource,especially in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system.

不同中药化合物对吉非替尼肝毒性的保护作用研究

Objective Our objective was to screen drugs with good protective effects on gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods Fifty-four specific pathogen-free-grade male mice of the Institute of Cancer Research were randomly divided into a normal group,gefitinib group,glutathione group,ligustrazine group,silymarin group,glycyrrhizic acid group,baicalin group,paeoniflorin group,and matrine group,with six mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the remaining groups of mice were intragastrically administered 400 mg·kg^(-1)of gefitinib for 16 days to induce liver injury.Mice in each treatment group were intragastrically administered 100 mg·kg^(-1)of the corresponding drug 30 minutes after gefitinib administration each day.The normal group and model group mice were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of 0.5%carboxy-methylcellulose sodium(CMC-Na),and the administration volume was 10 mg·kg^(-1).Then,30 minutes after the last administration,blood was collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus,and the mice were killed by cervical dislocation to obtain liver weight and calculate the liver index.Liver pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin–eosin(HE)staining;the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum were detected using biochemical kits.AML12 cells were cultured in a medium containing drugs for 30 minutes.Except for the normal group,the remaining groups were induced cell damage with 20μmoL·L1 gefitinib for 24 hours.Cell viability was detected using a cell counting kit-8,and the levels of ALT,AST,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the cell culture supernatant were measured using biochemical kits.Results Animal experiments showed that compared with the gefitinib group,glycyr-rhizic acid and baicalin significantly increased the body weight of mice(p<0.01)and decreased the liver index and levels of ALT and AST(p<0.05);ligustrazine and silymarin significantly increased the body weight of mice(p<0.01)and decreased the level of AST(p<0.05);paeoniflorin and matrine significantly decreased the levels of ALT and AST(p<0.01).HE staining showed that the liver tissue of mice in the gefitinib group presented a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrations and disordered arrange-ment of hepatic cords;glutathione,glycyrrhizic acid,baicalin,paeoniflorin,and matrine significantly alleviated pathological damage to mouse liver tissue.Cell experi-ments showed that all drugs could alleviate gefitinib-induced damage to AML12 cells to varying degrees,among which glycyrrhizic acid,baicalin,and paeoniflorin had better protective effects,with cell survival rates increased to 96.4,81.1,and 78.2%,respectively.Compared with the gefitinib group,glycyrrhizic acid significantly reduced the levels of ALT,AST,and LDH(p<0.05);silymarin,baicalin,and paeoniflorin significantly reduced the levels of ALT and LDH(p<0.05).Conclusion Glycyrrhizic acid,baicalin,and paeoniflorin all have good protective effects against gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity,among which glycyrrhizic acid has the best effect.

胆汁淤积性肝病瘙痒的中西医研究进展

Pruritus is common in cholestatic liver disease,with a high clinical incidence rate and complex pathogenesis.Accumulation of potential pruritus inducers such as steroids,bile acids,and lysophosphatidic acid in the systemic circulation is the main cause of pruritus in cholestatic liver disease.Currently,clinical treatment of cholestatic liver disease-related pruritus mainly includes medication,intervention therapy,and some experimental methods.However,there are still problems,such as unclear pathological mechanisms and unsatisfactory treatment responses in some patients with cholestatic liver disease-related pruritus.Effective treatment for patients still faces challenges.By extensively screening patients’plasma(and/or bile)samples through clinical trials,potential pruritus inducers can be identified comprehensively,which can provide a deeper understanding of the itch signaling pathways in cholestatic liver disease and a basis for the development of treatment strategies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown certain characteristics and advantages in clinical treatment.Based on the etiology and pathogenesis,external application,internal administration,and TCM-specific therapies have achieved good clinical efficacy.Similarly,the combination of Chinese medicine and Western medicine has also achieved more effective treatment for patients with cholestatic liver disease-related pruritus.This article will introduce the latest progress in the study of pruritus inducers in cholestatic liver disease and its treatment in TCM and Western medicine.

The Essential Role of Zheng Qi in Promoting Health: From the Perspective of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

The concept of Zheng Qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the vital energy produced by the interaction of Yin and Yang forces in the body. Zheng Qi performs two main functions: Wei Qi (defensive Qi), which shields the body from external pathogens, and Ying Qi (nutritive Qi), which sustains the internal organs and enhances their functionality. In TCM, Chinese tonifying herbs can help restore the balance of Yin/Yang and Qi/Blood function in visceral organs (i.e., optimal physiological functions), thereby fostering the efficient production of Zheng Qi and enhancing health. To ensure the quality of Chinese herbal products, functional assays to measure Yin/Yang, Qi/Blood functions, and Zheng Qi production should be implemented. The efficacy of Yang and Qi herbs can be evaluated by their ability to increase mitochondrial ATP in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes, while Yin and Blood herbs are tested through their immunostimulatory effects on antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation in mouse splenocytes and the production of erythropoietin/nitric oxide in hepatocytes/vascular endothelial cells, respectively. Additionally, Zheng Qi’s effect can be gauged by examining natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation in mice ex vivo. These assays act as biomarkers for assessing the quality and effectiveness of herbal health products within TCM theory.

Analysis of the Clinical Effect of Chinese Medicine Combined with Acupuncture and Moxibustion on Insomnia

Objective:To explore and analyze the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia.Method:80 patients with primary insomnia were selected as the study sample,with 20 cases randomly selected as the control group and the rest as the observation group.The control group was treated with ordinary western medicine,while the observation group patients were treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and moxibustion based on this syndrome differentiation.The comparison items were treatment effect,sleep quality,mental health,quality of life,specific sleep indicators,cerebral blood flow and neurotransmitters.Result:The treatment effectiveness showed that the observation group had a higher treatment effectiveness rate than the control group(P<0.05);The results of sleep quality showed that after treatment,the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group in seven dimensions:sleep quality,sleep time,sleep onset time,sleep efficiency,sleep disorders,hypnotic drugs,and daytime dysfunc‐tion score(P<0.05);The quality of life results showed that after treatment,the observa‐tion group had higher scores than the control group in eight dimensions:physiological function,physiological function,physical pain,health status,energy,social function,emotional function,and mental health(P<0.05);The results of slow wave sleep time and fast eye movement sleep time showed that after treatment,the HAMA and HAMD scores of the physiological mechanism in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);The results of cerebral blood flow and neurotransmitter indica‐tors show that after treatment,glutamateγ-The peak systolic blood flow velocity of ami‐nobutyric acid,vertebral artery,and basilar artery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical treatment of Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of insomnia patients can significantly improve the clinical treatment effect,and improve the cerebral hemorrhage and neurotransmitter status of patients,promote the improvement of their physical and mental status,can more significantly improve the quality of sleep,reduce sleep difficulties,reduce the dosage of sleeping pills,which has important clinical application value.

基于多方法的中医体质动态变化因素分析

目的基于一般统计学、Apriori-DEMATEL算法、DoWhy因果推理框架等方法探究中医体质动态变化影响因素。方法对18-60岁人群进行中医体质识别数据的动态采集,包括采集时间、体质类型以及饮食习惯、睡眠习惯、睡眠时间、运动习惯、情绪状态、压力情况、生活环境、工作/生活变故、家庭氛围、出差频次、加班情况11个体质影响因素。采用一般统计分析分析不同类型体质变化对应影响因素的相对百分比,采用Apriori-DEMATEL算法分析饮食习惯等11种体质影响因素与体质变化之间的相关性,采用DoWhy因果推理框架分析饮食习惯、睡眠习惯、睡眠时间、运动习惯、情绪状态、压力情况之间的因果关系。探讨构成类型转换变化因素的频率,确定构成类型动态变化的关键影响因素。结果经过预处理后形成13536条有效数据,基于Apriori-DEMATEL算法将因素划分成饮食习惯、睡眠习惯、睡眠时间、运动习惯、情绪状态和压力情况这6个原因因素及居住环境、工作/生活变故、家庭氛围、出差频次和加班情况这5个结果因素。结合一般统计学分析发现,在原因因素中饮食习惯、睡眠习惯、睡眠时间和压力情况这4个因素的变化对其他因素的影响程度大,在体质调摄过程中,应对上述4个因素重点关注,保持体质的平衡;在5个结果因素里面,工作/生活变故和家庭氛围这两个因素的数值绝对值较大,说明这两个因素易受其他因素的影响。饮食习惯、睡眠习惯、睡眠时间、运动习惯、情绪状态和压力情况这六个因素变化的中心度较高,说明这六个因素的变化是体质发生改变的重要性因素。根据各因素对应体质变化频数统计发现以上六个因素的变化在气虚质、平和质和特禀质间的体质转变频数占比较大,说明这六个因素的改变对这三种体质类型的变化发挥重要作用。结合Apriori-DEMATEL算法和DoWhy因果推理框架分析的结果,推断饮食习惯和睡眠时间通过影响其他因素的变化间接导致体质变化。结论本文从动态数据和多种分析方法入手,探讨了中医体质动态变化的影响因素,结果表明饮食习惯、睡眠习惯、睡眠时间、运动习惯、情绪状态和压力情况的变化对气虚质、平和质和特秉质的转化有较大影响。在日常生活中要注意这六个因素的变化,并制定相应的改善方案,减少转化为偏体质的概率。本研究也为中医体质类型动态变化的影响因素分析提供了数据支持和客观化分析参考。

Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a degenerative disease characterized by pathological changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the knee joint.Initially,knee joint pain is the main symptom,and in the later stages,deformities and mobility disorders may occur.Modern medicine lacks effective treatment methods for early and mid stage KOA,and has drawbacks such as significant side effects and high costs.A large number of stud‐ies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in treating KOA,and has obvious advantages such as small trauma,low cost,and definite therapeu‐tic effect,which are gradually being accepted by a large number of KOA patients.The commonly used methods for preventing and treating KOA with traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice include:oral administration of traditional Chinese medi‐cine,external application of traditional Chinese medicine,fumigation,acupuncture therapy,massage therapy for regulating tendons,and targeted penetration therapy of tra‐ditional Chinese medicine.According to relevant literature,traditional Chinese medicine can significantly alleviate knee joint symptoms and improve knee joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis,which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.This article provides a review of the research progress in the prevention and treatment of KOA using traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.

Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes with Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Intestinal Flora

In recent years,the World Health Organization has proposed the concept that only intes‐tinal health can lead to longevity.It can be seen that gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health,and gut microbiota has become a hot topic in medical research.With the change of Chinese residents'lifestyle,the incidence rate of diabetes is increasing rapidly.Research shows that the incidence of diabetes is closely related to intestinal flora imbalance.Traditional Chinese medicine can reduce blood sugar and improve clinical symptoms by regulating intestinal flora.Based on the theory of tradi‐tional Chinese medicine,this paper discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of intestinal flora imbalance,and provides a theoretical basis for traditional Chinese medicine to regu‐late intestinal flora to prevent and treat diabetes.Intestinal flora is a complex ecosystem,which plays an important role in maintaining human health.The imbalance of intestinal flora may lead to the occurrence of diabetes.The dynamic balance of gut microbiota is closely related to the kidneys,spleen,liver,and lungs.Traditional Chinese medicine monomer and compound can prevent and cure diabetes by regulating intestinal flora.

Current Research Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Treatment for Diarrhea Type Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)with diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal functional disease in clinical practice,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Cur‐rently,Western medicine has poor therapeutic effects,while traditional Chinese medi‐cine has unique advantages in relieving IBS-D symptoms and preventing recurrence.In recent years,especially with external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,it has become a new treatment direction in clinical practice and has achieved good therapeutic effects.This article will provide a review of recent research on the treatment of IBS-D using traditional Chinese medicine external treatment methods.