The Innovation and Practice in Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway Construction

As a flagship project of Sino-Indonesia cooperation within the framework of“the Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI),Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR)is the first overseas high speed railway entirely implementing China's high speed railway technology with all systems,elements and industrial chain.It marks the success of extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits between China and region states to achieve modernization.By studying the Jakarta-Bandung HSR project,this paper concludes the innovations and successful practices in“going global”of China's railway industry in terms of project organization,engineering construction,railway equipment,operation management,risk prevention and control,etc.Meanwhile,focusing on one of the eight major steps to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation proposed by President Xi Jinping—building a multidimensional“the Belt and Road”connectivity network,this paper puts forward the specific outlook for China's high speed railway to“go global”and jointly build“the Belt and Road”Initiative from two perspectives of international railway engineering and international scientific and technological cooperation.

Deformation Mechanism and Design Countermeasures of Tunnel Portal in Volcanic Deposit Clay Stratum

Shortly after tunneling,problems such as primary-support through cracks and clearance infringement are found in the shallow-buried section of tunnel No.4 of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR),and orthogonal cracks can be found on the earth surface in front of the working face,which brings great challenges to the tunnel construction.In view of the above engineering problems,the sliding surface is speculated according to the geological and field conditions,and the impact of landslides is applied in the model in the form of external load.The paper uses the numerical simulation method to analyze and compare the impact of landslides on the tunnel structure and deformation,and puts forward the reinforcement measures.The conclusions of the studies are:(1)under the influence of heavy rainfall,the strength index of volcanic deposit clay stratum drops sharply,and meanwhile the multiple factors including tunnel excavation are liable to cause sliding of the front slope;(2)parallel landslide in front of the tunnel has a great impact on the tunnel,so setting-up of pre-reinforcement measures to control landslide shall be the focus of similar projects during design;(3)the deformation and stress of the tunnel structure can be significantly controlled for safe construction by strengthening the shallow-buried tunnel with pile foundation and longitudinal and transverse beam frames during landslide.

Customized High-speed EMU Design Practice for Jakarta-Bandung HSR

The high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway(HSR)represent an important image and symbol of the Jakarta-Bandung HSR Project.By relying on the technical platform of the model CR400 EMU,the EMU is upgraded for the customized design in terms of adaptability to geographical environment and track conditions,integration of Indonesian cultural characteristics,etc.In the course of development,in order to accurately grasp the boundary conditions and solve matching adaptation problems,studies are conducted on the exploration of design boundary and the related special technology.With the systematic analysis and design experience summary of the high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung HSR,the paper aims to provide reference for the O&M of high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung HSR and the other similar overseas HSR projects.

The Application of China's High Speed Railway Earthquake Early Warning System in Jakarta-Bandung HSR

Earthquake has a significant impact on operation safety of the high speed railway,and for Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia where it is earthquake-prone,it is necessary to establish an earthquake early warning system to strengthen its earthquake resistance.Based on the principle and technical characteristics of China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system and combining the actual situations of Jakarta-Bandung HSR in Indonesia,this paper describes how to implement China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system in Jakarta-Bandung HSR.It focuses on optimizations in environmental adaptation design and seismic network interface design,earthquake attenuation model parameter adjustment and terminal software interface adjustment,so as to make the system better suit the local situations,and meet operation requirements and guarantee safe operation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR.

Localized Application of Chinese Standards in Jakarta-Bandung HSR Project

Jakarta-Bandung HSR in Indonesia is the first“go global”project of China's high speed railway with a whole system,all elements and a whole industry chain,as well as the first overseas project adopting a complete set of Chinese standards.This paper sorts out the differences between relevant standards in China and Indonesia,including those in concrete raw materials,rebar standards and other main material standards,and those in external interface standards,train operation direction requirements,project approval requirements,special acceptance requirements,etc.,and summarizes the realization methods and specific achievements of localized application of Chinese standards during the implementation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR Project,to provide reference for localized application of Chinese standards in overseas projects in the future.

Design Concept and Innovation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR

This paper analyzes the geographical,climatic,cultural and religious factors that influence station building design,and discusses the characteristics and design concepts of traditional Indonesian building.Additionally,the following innovative concepts are proposed for station building design:innovation in the building form that organically integrates high speed railway characteristics with regional features;innovation in spatial layout that adapts to the local climate and culture;innovation in flexible flow lines and diverse commercial spaces;innovation in interior design that fully incorporates the local culture.The station buildings of Jakarta-Bandung HSR not only fulfill the function of passenger riding but also serve as prominent landmark structures that spread regional culture and represent the city's image so as to offer valuable insights for the design of high speed railway station buildings in future overseas projects.

Features of Tropical Volcanic Rock and Soil of Jakarta-Bandung HSR and Engineering Countermeasures

The geological features of three types of tropical volcanic rock and soil distributed along Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway(HSR),including pozzolanic clayey soil,mud shale and deep soft soil,are studied through field and laboratory tests.The paper analyzes the mechanism and causes of engineering geological problems caused by tropical volcanic rock and soil and puts forward measures to control subgrade slope instability by rationally determining project type,making side slope stability control and strengthening waterproofing and drainage.The“zero front slope”tunneling technology at the portal,the simplified excavation method of double-side wall heading and the cross brace construction method of arch protection within the semi-open cut row pile frame in the“mountainside”eccentrically loaded soft soil stratum are adopted to control the instability of tunnel side and front slopes,foundation pits and working faces;CFG or pipe piles shall be used to reinforce soft and expansive foundation or replacement measures shall be taken,and the scheme of blind ditch+double-layer water sealing in ballastless track section shall be put forward to prevent arching deformation of foundation;the treatment measures of CFG pile,pipe pile and vacuum combined piled preloading are adopted to improve the bearing capacity of foundation in deep soft soil section and solve the problems of settlement control and uneven settlement.These engineering countermeasures have been applied during the construction of Jakarta-Bandung HSR and achieved good results.

The GSM-R Implementation Plan of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway

GSM-R system mainly provides dispatching communication servicessuch as train operation dispatching, realizes wired and wireless dispatchingcommunication, and provides safe and reliable train-ground informationtransmission services for high-speed train operation control system. Jakarta-Bandung HSR is the first “going global” HSR with whole industry chain built by China. It isconstructed based on CTCS-3 train control system standard. In order to ensure the safetransmission of train control system information under high-speed operation environment, aset of GSM-R system implementation scheme suitable for Jakarta-Bandung HSR is establishedin combination with the actual situation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR, referring to China's GSMRsystem technical standards and according to its actual business requirements. It includesGSM-R core network, wireless subsystem and data number, which can provide reference forthe construction of wireless communication system for China's HSR “going global”.

Comparison and Selection of Arch-Rib Construction Schemes for Continuous Beam arch Composite Bridge of High Speed Railway

The paper summarizes the four different construction schemes based on engineering cases for the arch rib construction of continuous beam-arch composite bridges for high-speed railways.These methods include in-situ assembly,segmental lifting,incremental launching and longitudinal moving,and vertical rotation.The temporary structural designs,process methods,and technological equipment for each construction scheme are described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme and its application scope under various conditions are analyzed,and opinions and suggestions for guiding the application of each scheme are proposed.The comparison and selection analyses show that the four arch rib construction schemes have certain applicability under different conditions such as bridge site status,bridge span,and construction environment.With the continuous increase of bridge span and progress of construction technological equipment,the arch rib construction technology is developing towards the overall erection direction.This leads to more obvious technical advantages of the segmental lifting method,incremental launching and longitudinal moving method,and vertical rotation method.Therefore,it is necessary to select the best construction scheme according to the construction status and technical conditions during application.

Research on the Application of Intelligent Construction Technology in Hangzhouxi Railway Station

Relying on the construction management of Hangzhouxi Railway Station,this paper analyses the comprehensive application of intelligent construction technology and the establishment of the common data environment(CDE)by using BIM technology.This paper gives the idea that such issues are deeply explored as large-span curved surface structure improvement,steel structure construction monitoring,special-shaped ticket check canopy construction,prefabricated machine room construction,grid construction management,etc.so as to form an intelligent construction management system based on BIM technology.The system has achieved good application results in economic benefits,social benefits and environmental benefits,which can promote the gradual transformation to a more digitalized,networked and intelligent Hangzhouxi Railway Station,and lay a solid foundation for achieving the construction goals of controllable construction period,excellent quality,green and low carbon,etc.

Key Technology and Complete-set Equipment for Intelligent Construction of HSR Simply-supported Girder Reinforcement Framework

In view of the problems such as backward production mode,poor quality stability,high safety risk and incomplete control system during erection of the reinforcement framework of simply-supported box girders for high-speed railway(HSR),and in combination with the key points and main challenges in the reinforcement framework construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang HSR,the overall technical route for the intelligent manufacturing of reinforcement framework of simply-supported box girders is put forward.The component design of reinforcement framework of simply supported box girder is carried out based on BIM,and the feasibility of the scheme is verified through segment assembly test.The assembly techniques are studied in combination with the mesh design scheme to achieve rapid forming of the reinforcement framework.R&D of automatic processing equipment for components,material transshipment equipment,automatic hoisting equipment and technological equipment for assembly clamping fixture are carried out to realize the overall design of equipment production line.An intelligent control system is developed for the whole-process intelligent construction of reinforcement framework to realize the full life-cycle applications for the workshop production and visual management including intelligent layout and quality traceability.The research results systematically optimize and innovate the assembly and forming technologies of reinforcement framework in the prefabrication beam yard of high-speed railway,realize the component processing,automatic assembly and information technology management,improve the construction quality,efficiency and information technology level of intelligent manufacturing of reinforcement framework of railway prefabricated beam as a whole,and reduce the construction cost of the project.The research has realized a major breakthrough in the construction technology of railway prefabricated box girders,which has the extensive technical and market promotion values.

Research on Construction Scheme of Cloud Platform for Core Network Equipment of Railway 5G Private Network

This paper studies and analyzes the rigorous requirements of railway 5G private network core network(5GC)equipment based on network function virtualization(NFV)technology in terms of reliability,security,latency and other aspects of communication cloud,compares cloud platform schemes with different decoupling modes,and proposes that railway 5GC should be implemented by software and hardware integration scheme or software and hardware two-layer decoupling scheme.At the same time,the redundancy and disaster recovery schemes and measures that can be taken by 5GC based on cloud platform are proposed.Finally,taking the products of ZTE Corporation as an example,the implementation architecture of railway 5GC cloud platform in 1+1 redundancy mode is given.It serves as a reference for the engineering construction of 5G-R core network.

Key Technologies for Design of Changqing Yellow River Super-long Bridge of Zhengzhou Ji'nan HSR

Changqing Yellow River Super-long Bridge of Zhengzhou-Ji'nan HSR is a partial cable-stayed bridge with concrete main girder and a unit length of 1,080 m.Studies are carried out on the key technologies of bridge design,and the main conclusions are as follows:The whole unit adopts the supporting system of tower pier consolidation and tower-beam separation,and each pier is provided with seismic mitigation and isolation bearing;shaped-steel reinforced concrete bridge tower is adopted to bring into full play the tensile performance of steel and the compressive performance of concrete,and avoid the construction challenges of setting up multi-layer and multi-stirrup reinforcement while improving the bearing capacity of section;a new type of double-side and bi-directional anti-skid anchorage device is adopted for the cable saddle of wire divider pipe in order to withstand the unbalanced cable force,and verify the reliability of the anti-skid anchorage device by solid model test;and large-segment cantilever pouring design is adopted for the main girder with a maximum segment length of 8 m to effectively shorten the construction period of the bridge.

Technical Research on Characteristics and Network Planning of Railway 5G-R Network

The railway 5G-R network is ready for the engineering construction.In order to provide technical reserve for the preliminary engineering stage,it is necessary to study the characteristics of 5G-R network and network planning technology in advance.The 5G-R network,different from the operators'5G network,is mainly available for railway staff and covers the railway line.It is upgraded based on the previous generation of railway communication system-GSM-R technology.By comprehensively summarizing and reviewing the characteristics of 5G-R system architecture,network coverage,networking technology,business characteristics,equipment redundancy,network performance,etc.,we study the network planning technology with 5G-R characteristics based on the above characteristics,including frequency,coverage,capacity,parameters,indoor distribution,switching and other key technologies.On this basis,this paper puts forward 5G-R network planning suggestion,which can provide technical support for subsequent project deployment.

Discussion on Priorities of Railway 5G-R Research and Development

As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency propagation,network carrying capacity,its ability to work as industrial pillar,system applicability,and the compatibility of 5G-R with other systems.In line with China's GSM-R application practice and the application needs,the paper focuses on the study of key technologies such as model alignment of base station equipment,and optimization of 5G-R terminal and core network,identifying the priorities for the China's efforts to develop 5G-R and providing references for the research and application of related technologies.

Carrying Railway 5G Service Application by Multi-technology Convergence

The application scenarios of railway radio communication are complex,while the existing narrowband communication such as GSM-R and radio train dispatching system fails to meet the requirements of service application development.The carrying capacity of railway 5G-R has been greatly improved,mainly for wide-area train-ground communication services such as dispatching communication,train control and train operation safety monitoring.However,for large passenger stations,freight yards,maintenance bases and other places with densely populated railway operators,it is unable to carry overall railway service applications limited by the spectrum bandwidth of 5G private networks,so it is necessary to consider various radio technologies for supplementation.This paper also elaborates the railway service application scenarios,analyzes the characteristics of radio communication technologies such as 5G mmWave and the 6th-generation wireless LAN technology(Wi-Fi6),and discusses the schemes of multi-technology convergence carrying railway 5G service applications.

Case Study on Synchronous Construction Technology for Secondary Lining of Large-diameter Single track Shiel Shield-bored ored Tunnel

The synchronous construction of the secondary lining during the boring of large-diameter shield faces challenges such as the design of the lining jumbo,the high requirements on the performance for the lining jumbo,the organization of the construction activities in the small and confined area,the horizontal transportation for shield boring and high safety management requirements.A super-long invert lining construction jumbo,as well as the matching California switch,is developed,which provides solution for the confliction between the invert lining construction and the horizontal transportation.The procedure and method for the synchronous operation of the shield boring and the secondary lining are developed by referring to the synchronous construction of the secondary lining during the boring of the TBMs in hard rocks.Due to the adoption of the synchronous operation of the shield boring and the secondary lining,the construction period is shortened and the construction cost is reduced.The paper can provide reference for the synchronous construction of the secondary lining in similar projects in the future.

Scheme of Railway 5G Integrated Innovation Test Platform

An inevitable trend has already taken shape for the application of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology(5G)in the railway sector.The application scenarios and business types of the railway sector are complex and diverse,so it is indispensable to test and verify the railway 5G before actual deployment.The design and creation of the railway 5G integrated innovation test platform provides engineering design,test and verification conditions for the networking,coverage and business development of 5G public networks and 5G-R in railway scenarios.This paper introduces the design of the overall architecture for the integrated railway 5G innovation test platform according to the railway network requirements,application scenarios and intelligent development trend;respectively elaborates on the design of the 5G-R core network,bearer network and wireless access along loop tracks,in combination with the characteristics of railway scenarios and the requirements of railway dispatching,operation and safety;raises further solutions on the network deployment and coverage schemes of 5G public networks so as to meet the application requirements of 5G public networks.The study results show that the integrated railway 5G innovation test platform scheme contains co-existence of 5G public and private networks,combines the indoor and outdoor scenarios,as well as takes into account of the dynamic and static tests so as to meet the environmental requirements for the integrated railway 5G test and application of all network functions,for which it can provide comprehensive technical support for railway 5G technology research and development,standard formulation,testing,etc.

Demand Analysis and Solution Exploration on 5G Carrying Railway Operational Services

Given the overwhelmed GSM-R network in China,the railway sector has turned to the public network to promote railway communication technologies.With 5G identified as the next-generation mobile communication network for railways,China has proposed a holistic approach for the building of intelligent railway via 5G public network.Based on the characteristics of 5G and the classic services of railway,the paper proposes a categorized carrying scheme for railway in mobile communication network,as well as a graded scheme based on 5G-R.The paper then advises to accelerate the development of 5G-R equipment and adopt diverse mobile communication networks to carry railway business,which are of reference to future studies on the issue.

Study on Mechanism of Water Inrush of Karst Tunnels

Water inrush,which is one of the challenging issues and hot topics in the tunneling industry,is very easy to occur during the construction of karst tunnels.The mechanism of water inrush of karst tunnels is discussed and analyzed in the paper:the water inrush of karst tunnels is generally divided into three steps,i.e.,the forming of the hazard source,the forming of the water inrush passage and the failure of the anti-inrush rock mass.The failure of the anti-inrush rock mass of karst tunnels are classified into 5 types,i.e.,the integral tensile-shear failure,the hydraulic fracturing,the infiltration induced sliding of the filling medium,the loss of key blocks and the comprehensive water inrush mode.The failure mechanism is studied on basis of typical cases and by means of numerical simulation or theoretical analysis.Conclusion is drawn that most of the water inrushes in actual tunneling are comprehensive water inrushes,which are the comprehensive results of the interrelation and interaction of various water inrush types,and that different types of water inrushes have related continuity and progressive evolution relationships under certain conditions.