The Role of Chittagong Port Authority to Develop Other National Ports in Bangladesh to Provide Maritime Logistics Support in South Asia

Chittagong Port is the principal seaport in Bangladesh that has contributed to the national economy with the opportunity to be a world-class regional port in South Asia.Cooperation among the three national ports Chittagong,Mongla and Payra is essential to do maritime logistics business in the region after serving the nation proudly.Here,Chittagong Port Authority(CPA)has the opportunity to help others in the process of port development for increasing efficiency and productivity by providing financial and technical assistance because of its financial and technical capabilities as a pioneer seaport in the port world.This paper examines the role of CPA to bolster and develop the underutilized Mongla Port and newly established Payra Port,where qualitative research methodology is applied to explore the ways,by which CPA can assist,link and integrate with others effectively,especially in developing the port infrastructure and inland transport networks.In addition,the research found the prospectus of Mongla and Payra to supply port services to the neighbors India,Nepal,and Bhutan as well as serve the South-West part of China with the aim of increasing regional connectivity and promoting international trade in those basically landlocked areas and countries of Asia.

Analysis of Wave Added Drag and Motion Response of Mid-high-speed Ship against Waves

In order to accurately predict the on-wave resistance and responses to hull motions of ships in actual sea conditions,the k-εmethod of the RNG model is adopted on the basis of the unsteady RANS method.The two-formula turbulence model deals with the viscous flow,the VOF method captures the free surface,the velocity boundary method makes waves,the artificial damping method is used to eliminate waves,and the nested grid technology is used to deal with the motion response of ships on waves.Combined with the 6-DOF motion formula,a three-dimensional numerical wave cell for regular waves is established.For one example,taking a KCS Container ship and fishing boat sailing at a mid-high-speed,the increase of wave resistance and motion response at different wavelengths are analyzed,and the simulation results are compared with the experimental value,the content of strip theory in potential flow theory and the panel method to prove the reliability of CFD method in predicting ship motion.

Environmental Assessment of Coastal Sand Mining Using Proposed DPSIR Criteria:A Case of Hai Phong

The environmental impact of coastal sand mining activities in Hai Phong city was assessed using ten proposed sustainable criteria for socio-economic development,and ecological and environmental protection.These ten criteria were developed by the analysis of the Dynamics-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)framework,including one driver and pressure criterion(D and P),seven status and impact criteria(S and I),and two response criteria(R).Each criterion is quantified according to five specific evaluation criteria corresponding to the evaluation score from 1 to 5.The results of the ten criterion application for environmental impact assessment of coastal mining Hai Phong by weighting show that the areas with economic activities,benthic biodiversity,and coastal ecosystems are most negatively impacted(score 4/5 and 3.5/5).Other subjects suffer low to moderate impacts(score 1/5 to 3/5).The environmental impact of sand mining(2015-2020)is generally moderate(score ranging from 2/5 to 3/5).The set of adjusted criteria can be applied to similar activities in coastal provinces and cities in Vietnam.

Harvesting Offshore Renewable Energy an Important Challenge for the European Coastal Environment

In the last decades significant changes in the climate are noticed and it becomes obvious that these dynamics are strongly influenced by recent human development.From this perspective,there is an increasing concern regarding the possible evolution of the climate and various possible scenarios have been designed and analysed.Thus,in 2014 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)adopted the Fifth Assessment Report,where the concept of Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)was introduced for climate modelling.This is a greenhouse gas concentration trajectory labelled after the expected values of the radiative forcing by the end of 2100.

Vibration Isolation Characteristics of Impedance-balanced Ship Equipment Foundation under Unbalanced Excitation

A new type of impedance-balanced ship equipment foundation structure based on the principle of impedance balancing using a“discontinuous panel-vibration isolation liquid layer-foundation structure”is proposed to solve the problem of poor low-frequency vibration isolation of the foundation under unbalanced excitation of shipboard equipment.Based on the finite element method,the influence of characteristic parameters of the foundation panel structure on its vibration reduction characteristics under unbalanced excitation is explored.The results show that the vibration isolation level of the impedance-balanced foundation is 10 dB higher than the traditional foundation in the low-frequency band of 10-500 Hz when subjected to combined excitation of concentrated force and moment.Increasing the thickness of the impedance-balanced foundation panel can enhance the isolation effect.Increasing the number of sub-panels can effectively reduce the vibration response of the foundation panel and enhance the isolation performance of the foundation.The connection stiffness between sub-panels has a small effect on the isolation performance of the foundation.

Study the Role of Maritime Energy Management in Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), in particular, Goal 7, in Oman Maritime Community

Sustainability is a concept for achieving integration and balance in development to preserve and use resources properly by providing new solutions to overcome structural,social and economic misconceptions to prevent further degradation and waste of natural resources and create a better future for human societies.Sustainable development can be defined as a strategy for the correct use of resources,by modifying and redefining consumption patterns and avoiding one-sided development approaches.Therefore,sustainable development is defined as a long-term and unlimited solution for aligning different concepts(social,economic,and environmental),seemingly independent but related and influencing each other.This paper examines the challenges and capacities of the Oman Maritime Community and Maritime Energy Management's role in terms of sustainable development.To analyze this issue,the role of key players in Oman's maritime industry,such as the Oman Fisheries Company and the Oman Shipping Company,has been studied with the five main indicators of sustainable development goals,including people,the planet,peace,welfare,and partnership.

Hydroelastic Behaviour and Analysis of Marine Structures

Hydroelasticity of marine structures with and without forward speed is studied directly using time dependent Boundary Integral Equation Method with Neumann-Kelvin linearisation where the potential is considered as the impulsive velocity potential.The exciting and radiation hydrodynamic parameters are predicted in time with transient wave Green function whilst the structural analysis is solved with Euler-Bernoulli beam method at which modeshapes are defined analytically.The modal analysis is used to approximate the hydroelastic behaviour of the floating systems through fully coupling of the structural and hydrodynamic analyses.As it is expected,it is found with numerical experience that the effects of the rigid body modes are greater than elastic modes in the case of stiff structures.The predicted numerical results of the present in-house computational tool ITU-WAVE are compared with experimental results for validation purposes and show the acceptable agreements.

Thermocline Model for Estimating Argo Sea Surface Temperature Thermocline Model for Estimating Argo Sea Surface Temperature

Argo has become an important constituent of the global ocean observation system.However,due to the lack of sea surface measurements from most Argo profiles,the application of Argo data is still limited.In this study,a thermocline model was constructed based on three key thermocline parameters,i.e,thermocline upper depth,the thermocline bottom depth,and thermocline temperature gradient.Following the model,we estimated the sea surface temperature of Argo profiles by providing the relationship between sea surface and subsurface temperature.We tested the effectiveness of our proposed model using statistical analysis and by comparing the sea surface temperature with the results obtained from traditional methods and in situ observations in the Pacific Ocean.The root mean square errors of results obtained from thermocline model were found to be significantly reduced compared to the extrapolation results and satellite retrieved temperature results.The correlation coefficient between the estimation result and in situ observation was 0.967.Argo surface temperature,estimated by the thermocline model,has been theoretically proved to be reliable.Thus,our model generates theoretically feasible data present the mesoscale phenomenon in more detail.Overall,this study compensates for the lack surface observation of Argo,and provides a new tool to establish complete Argo data sets.

Applications of Peridynamics in Marine Structures

Marine environment is a harsh and challenging environment for both operators and analysers due to extreme weather conditions.As a result of these conditions,marine structures are subjected to extreme and/or cyclic loadings.

Influence of Moonpool on the Total Resistance of a Drillship by the Effect of Water Motions inside the Moonpool

Moonpools are openings right through the hull from continuous deck to bottom of the ship,allowing equipment or mini-submarines to be put into the water at a location on the vessel with minimum ship motion.Open moonpools in a drillship are causing additional resistance when the ship is in forward speed.It was shown that the water inside the moonpool started to oscillate at forward speed.The water mass in the moonpool is subjected to sloshing and piston modes.The vertical motion is piston mode and the longitudinal one is called as sloshing mode.This water particle motion inside the moonpool is mainly depended on the geometry,moonpool depth,and encountered wave frequency.Out of this,moonpool geometry is one of the key factors for the performance of the moonpool.The varying cross-section geometry is one of the practically possible and economically feasible solutions to reduce the oscillation to a considerable level is attempted in this paper.Also the resistance caused by the moonpool and the free surface generated around the hull is investigated with the use of computer simulation.

Application of Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies to Marine Aquaculture for Future Food:Imperatives,Challenges and Prospects

This study was undertaken to examine the options and feasibility of deploy­ing new technologies for transforming the aquaculture sector with the ob­jective of increasing the production efficiency.Selection of technologies to obtain the expected outcome should,obviously,be consistent with the crite­ria of sustainable development.There is a range of technologies being sug­gested for driving change in aquaculture to enhance its contribution to food security.It is necessary to highlight the complexity of issues for systems approach that can shape the course of development of aquaculture so that it can live-up to the expected fish demand by 2030 in addition to the current quantity of 82.1 million tons.Some of the Fourth Industrial Revolution(IR4.0)technologies suggested to achieve this target envisage the use of re­al-time monitoring,integration of a constant stream of data from connected production systems and intelligent automation in controls.This requires ap­plication of mobile devices,internet of things(IoT),smart sensors,artificial intelligence(AI),big data analytics,robotics as well as augmented virtual and mixed reality.AI is receiving more attention due to many reasons.Its use in aquaculture can happen in many ways,for example,in detecting and mitigating stress on the captive fish which is considered critical for the success of aquaculture.While the technology intensification in aquaculture holds a great potential but there are constraints in deploying IR4.0 tools in aquaculture.Possible solutions and practical options,especially with re­spect to future food choices are highlighted in this paper.

Analysis of Some Elements and Speciated Compounds in Fish Found in the New Calabar River of the Niger Delta Area,Nigeria

The flesh of guinean and blackchin tilapia,and mullet found in Choba river were collected for elemental studies of mercury,cadmium,lead,arsenic,nickel and speciated forms.Analytical method of X-ray fluorescence(XRF)was used for the elemental studies while Gas chromatographymass spectrometer(GC-MS)was used for the speciated forms.4.3 mg/kg was the highest concentration of cadmium observed in blackchin tilapia.The three fish species all contained about 0.5 mg/kg of arsenic and 1 mg/kg of mercury.1.7 mg/kg of lead was detected in mullet while 7.3 mg/kg of nickel was detected in blackchin tilapia.Organometallic compounds found were nickel tetracarbonyl,borane carbonyl in guinean tilapia,nickel tetracarbonyl,borane carbonyl and germanium(iv)pthalocyanine dichloride in blackchin tilapia and[μ-(ƞ6-benzene)]bis(ƞ5-2,4-cyclopentadien-yl)di-μ-hydrodi-vanadium.Borane carbonyl was found in mullet.

Contribution of Gulf of Aqaba Water(GAW)to Red Sea waters

Data obtained on hydrography and currents in meridional sections in the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea in November 2013 and March 2015 were used to determine the extent of contribution of Gulf of Aqaba Water(GAW)to the formation of Red Sea waters.The southward flow across the Strait of Tiran was^0.02 Sv in both periods which is direct evidence of significant contribution of GAW to Red Sea waters in autumn-winter.A multiple tracer analysis using temperature,salinity,and dissolved oxygen showed that the GAW,on entry into Red Sea,bifurcates into two branches.The upper branch exiting the Strait in the depth range 150-220 m has densities between 28.3 and 28.5,continues to flow at the same depths,and feeds the Red Sea Overflow Water(RSOW).The lower branch that exits between 220 and 250 m above the sill cascades down its southern face,mixes with northward recirculating branch of Red Sea Deep Water(RSDW)and sinks to the bottom and forms part of southward-flowing RSDW.Contribution of GAW to northern Red Sea waters below 100 m depth was 36±0.4%in November 2013 and 42.1±5.4%in March 2015.GAW is traceable down to 17-19°N in RSDW and RSOW.Volume contribution of GAW to RSOW was 9.6*1012 m3,about 50%higher than that for RSDW(6*1012 m3).Analyses of the data from R.V.Maurice Ewing cruise in 2001 gave similar results and lend support for these deductions.

New Method for Building Vector of Diagnostic Signs to Classify Technical States of Marine Diesel Engine by Torsional Vibrations on Shaft-Line

Vector of diagnostic signs(VDS)using torsional vibration(TV)signal on the main propulsion plant(MPP)is the vector of z maxima(or minima)values of the TV signal in accordance with the cylinder firing orders.The technical states of the marine diesel engine(MDE)include R=z+1 classes and are presented in z-dimensional space coordinate of VDS.The presentation of Dk,k=1÷R using z diagnostic signs(Vi,i=1÷z)is nonfigurative and quite complicated.This paper aims to develop a new method for converting VDS from z-dimensional to 2-dimensional space(two-axes)based on the firing orders of the diesel cylinders,as an equivalent geometrical sign of the all diagnostic signs.The proposed model is useful for presenting a technical state Dk in two-dimensional space(x,y)for better visualization.The paper verifies the simulation of the classification illustration of the 7–state classes for the MDE 6S46-MCC,installed on the motor vessel(MV)34000DWT,using the new above mentioned method.The seven technical state classes(for 6-cylinder MDE,z=6)are drawn separately and visually in the Descartes.The received results are valuable to improve smart diagnostic system for analyzing normal/misfire states of cylinders in operation regimes.

Corrosion Control of Coated Structural Components in Marine Environment

Tropical waters are with more salinity and harbor millions of micro organisms.Such environmental condition challenges the strength and reliability of marine structures.The behaviour of structural materials due to pitting and uniform corrosion is studied,and a method based on coating is suggested to improve the life cycle ensuring reliability in its functionality.The structural materials like high strength steel and AA6063 were selected for the study and metallic coating performed for evaluation of corrosion resistances.Samples are investigated in chloride concentration of 3.5%NaCl by weight loss measurements and potentiodynamic polarization.The coating was done by electroplating and PVD(Physical Vapour Deposition)method for high strength steel,where as aluminum samples were coated by an electroplating method.The high strength steel samples were mono coated by Ni and Cr using the electroplating method,and composite coating was done with Al-N(Aluminium nitride)and Ti-Al-N(Titanium Aluminium Nitride)by PVD techniques.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used for evaluation of fracture toughness of coating around the pits formed.The investigation showed that the methods and thickness of coating influenced corrosion resistances of the substrate metals.Composite coated samples by PVD showed excellent corrosion resistance properties compared to electroplated samples after the investigations.Finite element analysis was performed by FRANC 2D/L(Fracture Analysis Code)showed a decrease in stress intensity values for composite coated samples of PVD compared to mono coated electroplated samples.Increase in the duty cycle of the structure was observed in the simulation has a result of a decrease in stress intensity values for PVD coated samples.

Mechanical Behavior of Patched Steel Panels at Elevated Temperatures

Preventive maintenance is an accepted practice in engineering to keep the structural reliability of ship hulls at the highest possible level.Designers ensure a longer period in between the consecutive maintenance of ship hull parts to optimize expenditure.This is relevant in view of the difficulty in reaching farthest corners in ballast tanks,fuel storage tanks,cofferdams etc.Prior maintenance of the deck and hull parts save a considerable amount of the owner's budget.A portable technology like patching becomes more handy and economic.Performance of both unpatched and patched samples during dynamic loading conditions being examined in the present investigation.The high strength steel panels with a dimension of 70mm×15mm×3mm were edge cracked for lengths of 4mm and 7mm,with width of 1mm for both.The edge cracked high strength steel panels are repaired with composite patches using GFRP(glass fiber reinforced plastic),CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastic)and AFRP(aramid fiber reinforced plastic).The patching was done by 3 and 5 layered and impact tested by Charpy impact tester at ranges of high temperatures.The amount of energy absorbed in the impact is converted to dynamic fracture toughness values and compared for evaluating the performance of FRP(fiber reinforced plastics).Finite element analysis was done for evaluating the stress intensity factors at different types of patching and testing conditions.Comparatively the AFRP patched samples showed better dynamic fracture toughness values at different temperatures.

Zoning Marine Disposal for Dredged Material Management:A Case Study in Vietnam

The fast growth of Hai Phong ports in the two last decades requires not only their upgrading facilities but also expanding port area and dredging their shipping channels(existing and new ones)that generate a huge amount of unused dredged materials.While all existing dumping sites in sea waters and on land get over capacity,looking for new dumping sites in sea waters is an urgent need.This study is to zone coastal waters of Hai Phong for suitable dumping sites meeting sustainable coastal management.Multi-criteria overlay analysis on GIS platform was employed with the criteria of natural conditions,environment and socio-economics for zoning coastal waters of Hai Phong.These criteria were detailed into eight subcriteria and then developed to eight GIS weighted thematic sub-layers of bottom depth,litho-hydrodynamics,ecosystems,distribution of benthos,distance to residential areas and tourist sites,distance to aquaculture area,distance to ecosystems and distance to conservation areas.Analysis results show the highly suitable zone for dredged material dumping in South,South West Hai Phong at depth below 15m to the deeper areas.Disposals of dredged materials in the zone would minimize impacts on the environment,ecology and socio-economics in surrounding waters and coastal areas.

Current Status and Future Trends for Mooring Systems of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

With the increasing demand of energy and the limitation of bottom-fixed wind turbines in moderate and deep waters,floating offshore wind turbines are doomed to be the right technical choice and they are bound to enter a new era of rapid development.The mooring system is a vital system of a floating wind turbine for station-keeping under harsh environmental con­ditions.In terms of existing floating wind turbine projects,this paper is devoted to discussing the current status of mooring systems and mooring equipment.This paper also presents the mooring analysis methods and points out the technical difficulties and challenges in mooring design,in­stallation,operation and maintenance stages.Finally,the developing trends of the mooring system are summarized,aiming to provide a reference for future mooring research.

A Practical Decision Making on Design of Fixed Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structure Considering Socio-economic Impact

Wind energy is considered one of the most promising alternative energy sources against the conventional fossil fuels.However,the deployment of these structures in deep-water for better power production is considered as a complex task.This also has raised the issue regarding selection of appropriate support structures for various sea conditions by considering environmental impact and carbon footprint.This paper considers a jacket like support structure as a case study for an intermediate water depth(50m).The jacket is considered to be located in North of Dutch Sea,and 100-extreme wave is applied as load condition.Here,the presented methodology provides an insight towards environmental/social impact made by the optimized designs in comparison with reference design.

An In-depth Analysis for Optimal Cable Tray Support Span

Nowadays,it is crucial to reduce the cost of the overall project so that the competitiveness of offshore oil and gas without compromising on quality or safety can be achieved.This study investigates how to define the longest cable tray support span considering constructability in order to reduce the number of supports which is a chief cost of a cable tray system.This study presents not only material and geometry frequently used for cable tray but also the formula to estimate the maximum cable load which can be installed within cable tray.To verify the longest span without increasing the crosssection of cable tray,finite element modelling approach was employed based on ANSYS and comparisons were made between numerical analysis and simplified hand calculation.The constructability for the longer span obtained from finite element analysis has been validated in view of manual handling of the cable tray.It is shown that the optimal span suggested in this paper can lead to a better economic benefit without degrading the constructability.For instance,as the span is longer,the cost of material as well as construction manpower can be saved.It is also expected that this approach will contribute to enhance the competitiveness of offshore oil and gas.