“一个人”的固化及其固化过程

本文讨论“一个人”固化说法的形成过程。“一个人”在明代以后开始固化。当复指短语“指人专名 +一个人”作主语时 ,由于“重新分析”机制的促动 ,“一个人”从复指短语中分离出来 ,修饰后边的谓语 ,意义上也发生了变化 ,表示“独自”

Research on Multi-modal In-Vehicle Intelligent Personal Assistant Design

Intelligent personal assistants play a pivotal role in in-vehicle systems,significantly enhancing life efficiency,driving safety,and decision-making support.In this study,the multi-modal design elements of intelligent personal assistants within the context of visual,auditory,and somatosensory interactions with drivers were discussed.Their impact on the driver’s psychological state through various modes such as visual imagery,voice interaction,and gesture interaction were explored.The study also introduced innovative designs for in-vehicle intelligent personal assistants,incorporating design principles such as driver-centricity,prioritizing passenger safety,and utilizing timely feedback as a criterion.Additionally,the study employed design methods like driver behavior research and driving situation analysis to enhance the emotional connection between drivers and their vehicles,ultimately improving driver satisfaction and trust.

Redefine Chinese collectivism/individualism

Chinese culture, which has been regarded as a collectivistic one by such great heads as G. Hofstede and Triands for a long time, seldom receives challenge on its very nature. The authors, however, found at least three critical mistakes in Hofstede＇s work, and raised their argument that Chinese culture is not a collectivistic one, but a ＂shi＂ culture which relies heavily on context. The split of mind is the fundamental cause of this ＂shi＂ culture.

Health Is the Key to Happiness——Profile of Dr.Lixin Shen,President & CEO of Wuxi Howfond Biopharma Co.,Ltd.

No matter where he is and what he does,Dr. Shen always considers himself as a devoted researcher,and holds tough mind that he will go further along the medicine innovation, heading for the health and happiness of human being.

Changes of the cytokine profile in inflammatory bowel diseases

Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosaassociated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis.An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states,such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).Although Crohn's disease(CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases,and ulcerative colitis(UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition,the classic paradigm,which categorises cytokines into pro-and anti-inflammatory groups,has recently been changed.The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings.None the less there are many common immunological responses in IBD that are mediated by cytokines.Although they regulate and influence the development,course and recurrence of the inflammatory process,the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease.Our aim is to review the current information about pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD.The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities.

MiRNA profile in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:Downregulation of miR-143 and miR-145

AIM:To investigate the expression profile of miRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS:The expression profile of miRNA in ESCC tissues was analyzed by miRNA microarray.The expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 in 86 ESCC patients were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using TaqMan assay.The mobility effect was estimated by wound-healing using esophageal carcinoma cells transfected with miRNA expression plasmids.RESULTS:A set of miRNAs was found to be deregulated in the ESCC tissues,and the expression levels of miR-143 and-145 were significantly decreased in most of the ESCC tissues examined.Both miR-143 and miR-145 expression correlated with tumor invasion depth.The transfection of human esophageal carcinoma cells with miR-143 and miR-145 expression plasmids resulted in a greater inhibition of cell mobility,however,the protein level of the previously reported target of miR-145,FSCN1,did not show any significant downregulation.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that the deregulation of miRNAs plays an important role in the progression of ESCC.Both miR-143 and miR-145 might act as anti-oncomirs common to ESCC.

Identification of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome

AIM:To clarify the efficiency of the criterion of metabolic syndrome to detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS:Authors performed a cross-sectional study involving participants of a medical health checkup program including abdominal ultrasonography.This study involved 11 714 apparently healthy Japanese men and women,18 to 83 years of age.NAFLD was defined by abdominal ultrasonography without an alcohol intake of more than 20 g/d,known liver disease,or current use of medication.The revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PanelⅢ were used to characterize the metabolic syndrome.RESULTS:NAFLD was detected in 32.2%(95%CI:31.0%-33.5%)of men(n=1874 of 5811)and in 8.7%(95%CI:8.0%-9.5%)of women(n=514 of 5903).Among obese people,the prevalence of NAFLD was as high as 67.3%(95%CI:64.8%-69.7%)in men and 45.8%(95%CI:41.7%-50.0%)in women.Although NAFLD was thought of as being the liver phenotype of metabolic syndrome,the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among subjects with NAFLD was low both in men and women.66.8%of men and 70.4%of women with NAFLD were not diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome.48.2%of men with NAFLD and 49.8%of women with NAFLD weren't overweight[body mass index(BMI)≥25 kg/m2].In the same way,68.6%of men with NAFLD and 37.9%of women with NAFLD weren't satisfied with abdominal classification(≥90 cm for men and≥80 cm for women).Next,authors defined it as positive at screening for NAFLD when participants satisfied at least one criterion of metabolic syndrome.The sensitivity of the definition"at least 1 criterion"was as good as 84.8%in men and 86.6%in women.Separating subjects by BMI,the sensitivity was higher in obese men and women than in non-obese men and women(92.3%vs 76.8%in men,96.1%vs 77.0%in women,respectively).CONCLUSION:Authors could determine NAFLD effectively in epidemiological study by modifying the usage of the criteria for metabolic syndrome.

Detection of 36 antibiotics in coastal waters using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines （TCs）, sulfanilamides （SAs）, and quinolones （QLs）. The method consists of solid-phase extraction （SPE） and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis, using electrospray ionization （ESI） in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a Cr8 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation （RSD）, was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection （LODs） varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to detemaine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal ＇waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems

Comparison of early pre-cutting vs standard technique for biliary cannulation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A personal experience

AIM： To compare the results and complications of early pre-cutting technique with standard technique. METHODS： From January 2003 to December 2004, a total of 426 consecutive therapeutic biliary ERCP procedures were performed by one endoscopist （T.A.）. Data were retrospectively collected according to procedure indication and results. Of these, 293 procedures （70.4%） were done with standard technique （group A） and 223 procedures （29.6%） with early pre-cutting technique in case of difficult cannulation （group B）. The results and complications of ERCP were compared. RESULTS： Success rate of first attempt cannulation was 98.0% in group A and 87.8% in group 13. The overall incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, hemorrhage, perforation and cholangitis was 0%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively. Morbidity rate was not significantly different. No procedure-related mortality was occurred. CONCLUSION： For an experienced hand, the early pre-cutting technique for biliary cannulation is safe and effective as standard technique.

Demand analysis of an intelligent medication administration system for older adults with chronic diseases based on the Kano model

Objectives Gerontechnology has great potential in promoting older adults’well-being.With the accelerated aging process,gerontechnology has a promising market prospect.However,most technological developers and healthcare professionals attached importance to products’effectiveness,and ignored older adults’demands and user experience,which reduced older adults'adoption intention of gerontechnology use.The inclusion of older adults in the design process of technologies is essential to maximize the effect.This study explored older adults’demands for a self-developed intelligent medication administration system and proposed optimization schemes,thus providing reference to developing geriatric-friendly technologies and products.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore older adults’technological demands for the self-developed intelligent medication administration system,and data were analyzed based on the Kano model.A self-made questionnaire was administered from July 2020 to October 2020 after participants used this system for two weeks.The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2000040644).Results A total of 354 older adults participated in the survey.Four items,namely larger font size,simpler operation process,scheduled medication reminders and reliable hardware,were classified as must-be attributes;three items,namely searching drug instructions through WeChat,more sensitive system and longer battery life,as attractive attributes;one item,viewing disease-related information through WeChat,as the one-dimensional attribute;and the rest were indifferent attributes,including simple and beautiful displays,blocking advertisements automatically,providing user privacy protection protocol,viewing personal medical information only by logged-in users,recording all the medications,ordering medications through WeChat.The satisfaction values were between 0.24 and 0.69,and dissatisfaction values were between 0.06 and 0.94.Conclusion This study suggested that older adults had personalized technology demands.Including their technological demands and desire may assist in decreasing the digital divide and promoting the satisfaction of e-health and/or m-health.Based on older adults’demands,our study proposed optimization schemes of the intelligent medication administration system,which may help developers design geriatric-friendly intelligent products and nurses to perform older adults-centered and efficient medication management.

Effects of Social Security Spending on Income Distribution and Poverty Reduction in China

Reasonable income distribution and eradication of rural poverty are vital for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China.This paper primarily examines the income distribution and poverty reduction effects of social security spending.Market income and redistribution policies are two determinants of income gaps.Based on CHIP2018 household survey data,we find that inadequate income redistribution policies have contributed to yawning income gaps,and that social security spending is more redistributive than personal income tax and social security contributions.After estimating the redistribution effects of social security spending and itemized incomes,we find that pension payments have contributed the most to household income gaps,and that subsistence protection and rural pension payments help improve income distribution.With respect to the poverty reduction effects of social security spending,we have estimated China’s current poverty incidence and the poverty reduction effects of pension payments,healthcare,and educational allowances with CHIP2018 data,and discover that an increase in social security spending may effectively reduce rural poverty.In building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,China should increase social security spending,focusing on specific target groups,and promote the role of social security spending in regulating income distribution and offering social protection to rural residents.

A theoretical model for the estimation of maximum impact force from a rockfall based on contact theory

Rockfall poses a great threat to buildings and personal security. To understand the dynamic characteristics of rockfalls is a prerequisite for disaster prevention and assessment. Models for rockfalls in different forms are established based on the theory of rigid body motion. The equivalent velocity considering the rotational effect is determined by the energy ratio. Besides, considering plastic deformation and nonlinear hardening, the maximum impact force is estimated based on the Hertz contact theory. Then, a case study is carried out to illustrate the applicability of the model and sensitive analyses on some affecting parameters are also made. Calculation results show that the maximum impact force increases with the increasing of incident velocity, angle and slope gradient reflected by the changing of energy ratio. Moreover, the model for the estimation of maximum impact force is validated by two different scales of experiments and compared with other theoretical models. Simulated maximum impact forces agree well with the experiments.

Wage and Income Distribution in China:Review and Outlook

Under the planned economy,China’s distribution relations were relations among the state,state-run enterprises,employees and the collective economy;relations between heavy industry and light industry;and relations between cities and the countryside.After China’s transition to a market-oriented economy,the distribution relations among the state,state-run enterprises and employees evolved into distribution relations between the government,enterprises and households;the distribution relations between heavy industry and light industry evolved into distribution relations between the state sector and the private sector;and the distribution relations between cities and the countryside evolved into distribution relations between original urban dwellers and migrant populations.Wage system reform was carried out throughout the transition of these three types of distribution relations.Income distribution contradictions in China,which are a problem left over from history and intrinsic to the market-based economy,eased over the years.Some people and regions achieved prosperity,and urban-rural and interregional income gaps narrowed.However,widening household income gaps pose barriers to China’s economic sustainability and vision of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Mechanisms to promote common prosperity are incomplete and inadequate.The disequilibrium of functional distribution is an important cause of these income inequalities.The overall wage level of ordinary workers is low.In the future,China'should give full play to the decisive role of the market in primary distribution to ensure proper return to all types of factors,and enhance redistribution to achieve common prosperity for all its people.

User Identification Based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making in Social Networks

Social networks are becoming increasingly popular and influential,and users are frequently registered on multiple networks simultaneously,in many cases leaving large quantities of personal information on each network.There is also a trend towards the personalization of web applications;to do this,the applications need to acquire information about the particular user.To maximise the use of the various sets of user information distributed on the web,this paper proposes a method to support the reuse and sharing of user profiles by different applications,and is based on user profile integration.To realize this goal,the initial task is user identification,and this forms the focus of the current paper.A new user identification method based on Multiple Attribute Decision Making(MADM) is described in which a subjective weight-directed objective weighting,which is obtained from the Similarity Weight method,is proposed to determine the relative weights of the common properties.Attribute Synthetic Evaluation is used to determine the equivalence of users.Experimental results show that the method is both feasible and effective despite the incompleteness of the candidate user dataset.

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression as a predictor of outcome in colorectal carcinoma

AIM:To correlate cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression profile with clinical and pathological variables to assess their prognostic/predictive value in colorectal carcinoma(CRC).METHODS:Archival tumor samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for COX-2 expression in 94 patients with CRC.Patients were diagnosed and treatedat the Departments of Surgery and Oncology,King Abdulaziz University Hospital,Saudi Arabia.RESULTS:Fifty-six percent of the tumors showed positive cytoplasmic COX-2 expression,whereas 44%of cases were completely COX-2-negative.There were no significant correlations between COX-2 expression and sex,age,grade or tumor location.However,COX-2 expression revealed a significant correlation with tumor stage(P=0.01)and distant metastasis(P=0.02),and a borderline association with lymph node involvement(P =0.07).Tumors with high COX-2 expression showed a higher recurrence rate than tumors with no expression(P<0.009).In univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,there was a significant(P=0.026)difference in disease-free survival between COX-2-positive and negative tumors in favor of the latter.COX-2 expression did not significantly predict disease-specific survival,which was much shorter for COX-2-positive tumors.In multivariate(COX)models,COX-2 did not appear among the independent predictors of disease-free survival or disease-specific survival.CONCLUSION:COX-2 expression seems to provide useful prognostic information in CRC,while predicting the patients at high risk for recurrent disease.

Decentralized Mobile SNS Architecture and Its Personal Information Management Mechanism

Mobile SNS popular topics of mobile is one of the most Internet. In order to fulfill the user demand for self-maintained independent social network and ensure the privacy of their personal information and resources, the paper proposes system architecture of decentralized mobile SNS.In the temporary scenarios, the system makes use of the existent specification of FOAF （Friend- of-a-Friend） to describe users＇ personal information and act as a certificate to be identified by SNS sites. Ticket-based Access Authorization System （TAAS） is provided to grant permission to acquire resources on personal portal. Meanwhile, the mechanism and algorithm are devised for user profile complete deletion when users are going to quit the service for the temporary scenarios.

Analysis of the psychological conditions and related factors of breast cancer patients

Sufferers of breast cancer are often plagued by various psychological problems. Mastectomy, which has a serious influence on the female sex characteristics, can bring about especially serious psychological problems. These problems affect not only the patients’ quality of life but also the beginning, development, and end of the disease. This paper reviewed the relationships between the patients’ personal factors, the disease itself, treatment factors, and other socio-psychological factors and psychological conditions so as to provide new ideas for the psychological intervention on breast cancer patients, comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and cure.

An Overview of Big Data Industry in China

The year of 2011 is considered the first year of big data market in China.Compared with the global scale,China's big data growth will be faster than the global average growth rate,and China will usher in the rapid expansion of big data market in the next few years.This paper presents the overall big data development in China in terms of market scale and development stages,enterprise development in the industry chain,the technology standards,and industrial applications.The paper points out the issues and challenges facing big data development in China and proposes to make polices and create support approaches for big data transactions and personal privacy protection.

Subjective Evaluation of Clothing Comfort and Their Correlation with Laboratory Test

A series of polyester, cotton, and polyester/cotton blend fabrics were evaluated in a subjective wear. Subjective trial data were correlated with the results of in-house laboratory tests with the regression methods. Experimental results indicate that clothing-comfort assessment by human perception provides a sound basis for comparison of apparel garments under combined microclimates and human-activity levels of

On Financing Models of Real Estate Enterprise

Against the background that the central government is strengthening macro control and tightening credit scale of real estate businesses, financing capacity becomes the determinant for a real estate enterprise＇s development. Domestic enterprises have many ways of financing, and this paper describes ten common models, simply analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each model, while explains and recommends three financing models with practical examples： individual entrusted loan, trust financing and assets securitization.