Microreaction technology is one of the most innovative and rapid developing fields in chemical engineering, synthesis and process technology. Many expectations toward enhanced product selectivity, yield and purity, im...Microreaction technology is one of the most innovative and rapid developing fields in chemical engineering, synthesis and process technology. Many expectations toward enhanced product selectivity, yield and purity, improved safety, and access to new products and processes are directed to the microreaction technology. Microfluidic mixer is the most important component in microfluidic devices. Based on various principles, active and passive micromixers have been designed and investigated. This review is focused on the recent developments in microfluidic mixers. An overview of the flow phenomena and mixing characteristics in active and passive micromixers is presented, including the types of physical phenomena and their utilization in micromixers. Due to the simple fabrication technology and the easy implementation in a complex microfluidic system, T-micromixer is highlighted as an example to illustrate the effect of design and operating parameters on mixing efficiency and fuid flow inside microfluidic mixers.展开更多
Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the fitnes...Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the fitness assignment strategy of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). The fitness assignment strategy is improved and a new self-adjustment scheme of is proposed. This algorithm is proved to be very efficient both computationally and in terms of the quality of the Pareto fronts produced with five test problems including GA difficult problem and GA deceptive one. Finally, SNSGA is introduced to solve multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problems in process synthesis.展开更多
We present a Darboux transformation for Tzitzeica equation associated with 3 × 3 matrix spectral problem.The explicit solution of Tzitzeica equation is obtained,
With the acceleration of globalization and internationalization, the demand for multilingual speakers is urgent, which promotes the development of foreign language teaching and learning especially English. Consequentl...With the acceleration of globalization and internationalization, the demand for multilingual speakers is urgent, which promotes the development of foreign language teaching and learning especially English. Consequently, the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching is paid great attention to in China. Many previous studies show the connection of EFL teaching and teachers' intercultural communicative competence (ICC). Although it is presumed that teachers' ICC at this stage is a prerequisite to raise students' ICC, the specific strategies to promote teachers' intercultural skills in EFL teaching have not yet been empirically demonstrated. The goal of the present study is to put forward some specific strategies to promote teachers' ICC in EFL teaching. Two cases including interview and teaching plans, were administered in high school teachers. Sample analysis demonstrated teachers' current problems in ICC and in Chinese EFL teaching as well as the necessity for teachers to acquire the specific teaching strategies. These findings seem to suggest that specific strategies are indeed essential to promote teachers' ICC in EFL teaching.展开更多
With the acceleration of the process of the globalization, the teaching of the English major is becoming more and more important. The teaching should take the students as the main subjects, and the teaching of English...With the acceleration of the process of the globalization, the teaching of the English major is becoming more and more important. The teaching should take the students as the main subjects, and the teaching of English should be based on the ability of the students. Our country is a big economic country, and the knowledge of English is spread widely in China, but most of its theoretical researches are t^om abroad. We should pay enough attention to the contents of this theoretical research. This kind of situation has also aroused the high attention of the relevant educational personnel. Therefore, we need to improve the self-confidence of the academic theories, strengthen the existing teaching theories and promote the localization of the teaching of English majors in an all-round way, which is also the key point of this article.展开更多
In the music education universities in China,the international music education and localization problem is a key problem in current society.It is also the music Chinese universities that must be facing the problem in ...In the music education universities in China,the international music education and localization problem is a key problem in current society.It is also the music Chinese universities that must be facing the problem in education development.In current international society today in our country, the international music education in China has also become the trend of music education,and how the music education internationalization at the same time keeps the Chinese traditional music culture has become a common problem that today' s music industry pays attention to.In this paper, it makes the analysis and discussion on the internationalization of foreign music education idea introducing to our country' s music education process and localization problem.展开更多
The study of sustainable consumption (SC) and quality of life (QoL) in Baku City was undertaken as part of the Baku Strategic Plan prepared by the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Azerbaijan Architec...The study of sustainable consumption (SC) and quality of life (QoL) in Baku City was undertaken as part of the Baku Strategic Plan prepared by the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University, and partially supported by the Society of Urbanists of Azerbaijan, Research Group. The key purpose of the research was to provide useful information for developing planning and design strategies that would foster sustainable urbanization through enhancing QoL and consumption, which was one of the most important principles of sustainable urbanization. Another purpose was to explore the impact of environmental, economic, social, physical, and health-related indicators on SC and QoL satisfaction among Baku residents. Ultimately, the research will provide recommendations which will further enhance the SC and QoL in Baku City at a number of levels, from empowering communities at a local level to participate in the evolution of their neighborhoods to influence institutional and corporate objectives and sustainability policies. The information collated will feed into the Baku Strategic Planning Process and help to determine developed strategies for urban development and urban regeneration.展开更多
In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation...In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.展开更多
Targeting the youth group of the American Chinatowns, this paper attempts to explore the continuous interactions of the people and the community on each other. As a result of combined impact of the immigration history...Targeting the youth group of the American Chinatowns, this paper attempts to explore the continuous interactions of the people and the community on each other. As a result of combined impact of the immigration history of Chinese Americans and the unfolding political and economical reality, a complicated relationship has developed between the growing Chinese immigrants and the Chinatown where they happen to inhabit and influence. Literature and history have captured the interesting development in their specific perspectives and paradigms, between whom the comparison is creatively presented. The great process of modern urbanization of American cities since the 1950s is given serious highlight in shaping the small community as well as the large one. The authors invite further argument on whether the youths are cushioned or bound by the traditional physical and cultural environment, or they bring change to the community in return at the end of the paper. It is suggested that they mature into a beautiful compromise and pride on creating the immigrant legacy characteristic of the great country.展开更多
abstract: According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document lit...abstract: According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document literature. By analyzing the severe aging problems, we will know about the leisure sporting activities of the old people. Sports is a very useful way to slow down the pace of getting old. Through the efforts of the whole society, we can take full advantage of sports to slow down the aging process and make the senior sports a healthy and scientific development direction. Keywords: population aging Sports Strategy展开更多
Urbanization of China is substantial and growing, and water resources are crucial for both economic and social sustainable development. Unfortunately, the frequency and intensity of water contamination events are incr...Urbanization of China is substantial and growing, and water resources are crucial for both economic and social sustainable development. Unfortunately, the frequency and intensity of water contamination events are increasing at an unprecedented rate and often accompanied by increased pollutant loading due to human activities such as irreversible industrialization and urbanization. The impacts of human pollution are most evident and of greatest concern at the microbial level. The research of the Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been focusing mainly on aquatic microorganisms in the urban environment, from drinking water and landscape water to waste water. Its projects fall into three categories: biomonitoring and bioassessment, microbial ecology and diversity, ecotoxicology and environmental microbiology. Its scientif ic topics include the aquatic ecological safety and microbial food web.展开更多
Population differentiation is a fundamental process of evolution, and many evolutionary studies, such as population genetics, phylogeography and conservation biology, all require the inference of population differenti...Population differentiation is a fundamental process of evolution, and many evolutionary studies, such as population genetics, phylogeography and conservation biology, all require the inference of population differentiation. Recently, there has been a lot of debate over the validity of FST (and its analogue Gsr) as a measure for population genetic differentiation, notably since the proposal of the new index D in 2008. Although several papers reviewed or explored specific features of these statistical measures, a succinct account of this bewildering issue with an overall update appears to be desirable. This is the purpose of the present review. The available statistics generally fall into two categories, represented by Fsv and D, respectively. None of them is perfect in measuring population genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, they each have advantages and are valuable for current re- search. In practice, both indices should be calculated and a comparison of them can generate useful insights into the evolutionary processes that influence population differentiation. FsT (GsT) has some unique irreplaceable characteristics assuring its standing as the default measure for the foreseeable near future. Also, it will continue to serve as the standard for any alternative measures to contrast with. Instead of being anxious about making choice between these indices, one should pay due attention to the equili-brium status and the level of diversity (especially Hs) of the populations, since they largely sway the power of a given statistic to address a specific question. We provide a multi-faceted comparative summary of the various statistics, which can serve as a basic reference for readers to guide their applications [Current Zoology 61 (5): 886-897, 2015].展开更多
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2006AA030202,2006AA05Z316)
文摘Microreaction technology is one of the most innovative and rapid developing fields in chemical engineering, synthesis and process technology. Many expectations toward enhanced product selectivity, yield and purity, improved safety, and access to new products and processes are directed to the microreaction technology. Microfluidic mixer is the most important component in microfluidic devices. Based on various principles, active and passive micromixers have been designed and investigated. This review is focused on the recent developments in microfluidic mixers. An overview of the flow phenomena and mixing characteristics in active and passive micromixers is presented, including the types of physical phenomena and their utilization in micromixers. Due to the simple fabrication technology and the easy implementation in a complex microfluidic system, T-micromixer is highlighted as an example to illustrate the effect of design and operating parameters on mixing efficiency and fuid flow inside microfluidic mixers.
文摘Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the fitness assignment strategy of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). The fitness assignment strategy is improved and a new self-adjustment scheme of is proposed. This algorithm is proved to be very efficient both computationally and in terms of the quality of the Pareto fronts produced with five test problems including GA difficult problem and GA deceptive one. Finally, SNSGA is introduced to solve multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problems in process synthesis.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10471132 and the Special Foundation for the State Key Basic Research Program "Nonlinear Sciencc"
文摘We present a Darboux transformation for Tzitzeica equation associated with 3 × 3 matrix spectral problem.The explicit solution of Tzitzeica equation is obtained,
文摘With the acceleration of globalization and internationalization, the demand for multilingual speakers is urgent, which promotes the development of foreign language teaching and learning especially English. Consequently, the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching is paid great attention to in China. Many previous studies show the connection of EFL teaching and teachers' intercultural communicative competence (ICC). Although it is presumed that teachers' ICC at this stage is a prerequisite to raise students' ICC, the specific strategies to promote teachers' intercultural skills in EFL teaching have not yet been empirically demonstrated. The goal of the present study is to put forward some specific strategies to promote teachers' ICC in EFL teaching. Two cases including interview and teaching plans, were administered in high school teachers. Sample analysis demonstrated teachers' current problems in ICC and in Chinese EFL teaching as well as the necessity for teachers to acquire the specific teaching strategies. These findings seem to suggest that specific strategies are indeed essential to promote teachers' ICC in EFL teaching.
文摘With the acceleration of the process of the globalization, the teaching of the English major is becoming more and more important. The teaching should take the students as the main subjects, and the teaching of English should be based on the ability of the students. Our country is a big economic country, and the knowledge of English is spread widely in China, but most of its theoretical researches are t^om abroad. We should pay enough attention to the contents of this theoretical research. This kind of situation has also aroused the high attention of the relevant educational personnel. Therefore, we need to improve the self-confidence of the academic theories, strengthen the existing teaching theories and promote the localization of the teaching of English majors in an all-round way, which is also the key point of this article.
文摘In the music education universities in China,the international music education and localization problem is a key problem in current society.It is also the music Chinese universities that must be facing the problem in education development.In current international society today in our country, the international music education in China has also become the trend of music education,and how the music education internationalization at the same time keeps the Chinese traditional music culture has become a common problem that today' s music industry pays attention to.In this paper, it makes the analysis and discussion on the internationalization of foreign music education idea introducing to our country' s music education process and localization problem.
文摘The study of sustainable consumption (SC) and quality of life (QoL) in Baku City was undertaken as part of the Baku Strategic Plan prepared by the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University, and partially supported by the Society of Urbanists of Azerbaijan, Research Group. The key purpose of the research was to provide useful information for developing planning and design strategies that would foster sustainable urbanization through enhancing QoL and consumption, which was one of the most important principles of sustainable urbanization. Another purpose was to explore the impact of environmental, economic, social, physical, and health-related indicators on SC and QoL satisfaction among Baku residents. Ultimately, the research will provide recommendations which will further enhance the SC and QoL in Baku City at a number of levels, from empowering communities at a local level to participate in the evolution of their neighborhoods to influence institutional and corporate objectives and sustainability policies. The information collated will feed into the Baku Strategic Planning Process and help to determine developed strategies for urban development and urban regeneration.
文摘In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.
文摘Targeting the youth group of the American Chinatowns, this paper attempts to explore the continuous interactions of the people and the community on each other. As a result of combined impact of the immigration history of Chinese Americans and the unfolding political and economical reality, a complicated relationship has developed between the growing Chinese immigrants and the Chinatown where they happen to inhabit and influence. Literature and history have captured the interesting development in their specific perspectives and paradigms, between whom the comparison is creatively presented. The great process of modern urbanization of American cities since the 1950s is given serious highlight in shaping the small community as well as the large one. The authors invite further argument on whether the youths are cushioned or bound by the traditional physical and cultural environment, or they bring change to the community in return at the end of the paper. It is suggested that they mature into a beautiful compromise and pride on creating the immigrant legacy characteristic of the great country.
文摘abstract: According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document literature. By analyzing the severe aging problems, we will know about the leisure sporting activities of the old people. Sports is a very useful way to slow down the pace of getting old. Through the efforts of the whole society, we can take full advantage of sports to slow down the aging process and make the senior sports a healthy and scientific development direction. Keywords: population aging Sports Strategy
文摘Urbanization of China is substantial and growing, and water resources are crucial for both economic and social sustainable development. Unfortunately, the frequency and intensity of water contamination events are increasing at an unprecedented rate and often accompanied by increased pollutant loading due to human activities such as irreversible industrialization and urbanization. The impacts of human pollution are most evident and of greatest concern at the microbial level. The research of the Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been focusing mainly on aquatic microorganisms in the urban environment, from drinking water and landscape water to waste water. Its projects fall into three categories: biomonitoring and bioassessment, microbial ecology and diversity, ecotoxicology and environmental microbiology. Its scientif ic topics include the aquatic ecological safety and microbial food web.
文摘Population differentiation is a fundamental process of evolution, and many evolutionary studies, such as population genetics, phylogeography and conservation biology, all require the inference of population differentiation. Recently, there has been a lot of debate over the validity of FST (and its analogue Gsr) as a measure for population genetic differentiation, notably since the proposal of the new index D in 2008. Although several papers reviewed or explored specific features of these statistical measures, a succinct account of this bewildering issue with an overall update appears to be desirable. This is the purpose of the present review. The available statistics generally fall into two categories, represented by Fsv and D, respectively. None of them is perfect in measuring population genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, they each have advantages and are valuable for current re- search. In practice, both indices should be calculated and a comparison of them can generate useful insights into the evolutionary processes that influence population differentiation. FsT (GsT) has some unique irreplaceable characteristics assuring its standing as the default measure for the foreseeable near future. Also, it will continue to serve as the standard for any alternative measures to contrast with. Instead of being anxious about making choice between these indices, one should pay due attention to the equili-brium status and the level of diversity (especially Hs) of the populations, since they largely sway the power of a given statistic to address a specific question. We provide a multi-faceted comparative summary of the various statistics, which can serve as a basic reference for readers to guide their applications [Current Zoology 61 (5): 886-897, 2015].