Analysis on Countermeasures of Water and Soil Conservation and Eco-environment Construction in China

With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.

Regional Distribution and Sustainable Development Strategy of Mineral Resources in China

This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility between the mineral resources distribution and regional economic development.Significant issues with China's mineral resource industry cause challenges for the sustainable development of both the mining industry and the national socio-economy.The sustainability of regional mineral resources and the environmental pollution by mining in the western China were also analyzed.Results show that the distribution of China's mineral resources is misaligned with its regional layout of economic development.China's mineral resources have been over-exploited,and the mineral resources production in the eastern China is unsustainable.The continuously expanding production of mineral resources in the western China has heavily endangered the ecological environment.We propose strategies to boost the sustainable development of mineral resources,including measures to accelerate economic development and enhance the sustainability of domestic mineral resources.We also offer suggestions for scientifically planning the mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and regional economic layout,as well as for proactively undertaking industry transfer in the eastern China and raising the environmental benchmark requirements for the mineral industry in the central and western China.

Children's participatory design for sustainable development and community planning

The urban developments have been carried out by only professionals for a long time because of efficiency and safety. However, most residents are ordinary people. Therefore, it is necessary to change the awareness of sustainable living environments, not only on the construction side but also the residents. In recent years, the number of cases of residents＇ participation in planning, maintaining, and repairing increased. However, sometimes youths and children, who might spend a lifetime longer than adults in a city after the developments have been done, are not included in this ＂Residents＂. Conceming youth and children＇s participation, CFC （child friendly city） is one of the good practices for sustainable development. It was launched by UNICEF （United Nations Intemational Children＇s Emergency Fund） and UN-Habitat in the Habitat II in 1996. City governments, especially in European countries, started to view CFC as their key concept for preservation and/or sustainable development. CFC means not only being ＂Children＂ friendly but also ＂All people＂ friendly. Various effects have been reported since the Historic Cities/districts included CFC in their city planning as a common concept, especially in education, community re-development, and operation and maintenance by the community. It is expected that better city planning in preservation and sustainable development can be achieved by adding CFC concept. In this research, an ideal way of city planning involving resident participation and the possibility in the future are analyzed based on case studies. Then a strategy of sustainable development and community planning involving youth and children＇s participation is proposed.

The Status of the Ecological Prataculture and Sustainable Development Strategies in Guizhou Province

In accordance with the objective to construct a major province in grassland animal husbandry,the following ways were used for enhancing development,improving the scientific and technological content,increasing the scale of the industry and market development to set up our own ecological grass industry brand and finally reach sustainable development strategy.This paper discussed the status of Guizhou Province grass industry development from the grass industry resources,grassland and animal husbandry production,prataculture technology problem.

Is the German Energy System Sustainable？ An Analysis Based on the UNCSD Theme-Based Approach of Sustainability

Sustainable development is a crucial element for the future of the world and a keystone of the international agenda. The Index of Sustainable Development （ISD） calculates the degree to which sustainable development has been achieved. ISD starts by （1） measuring the individual indicators of a sustainability strategy; （2） then measures the subordinate themes or pillars, which contain these indicators; （3） and finally measures the total system, consisting of the sum of the themes. The ISD provides quantified information for each of these levels for the public and political decision makers. The ISD is used to analyze as an example the sustainability of the German Energy sector, based on the targets the German Government set in its 2002 sustainability strategy.

Research on the Sustainable Development of Chinese Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises-Con-struction and Application of R&D Strategic Alliance

R ＆D strategic alliance is important for enterprises＇ sustainable development and it is a worth research for us. This paper firstly analyzes the condition and situation of tho small and medium-sized enterprises＇ strategic alliance. Then it points out that the small and medium-sized enterprises should choose a sttieable alliance organization, ally themselves with big enterprises, strive for the support of the government, and develop their technology through technology unions. Finally, it suggests that the government should create better innovation environment for R＆D strategic, alliance. A new way is also put forward for the applicotion and foundation of the small and medium-sized enterprises ＇ R＆D ,strategic alliance in China. It is also helpful for the sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Study on National Sustainable Development Strategy Management Based on Stakeholders Management Theory

Based on the stakeholders management theory,this paper provides a new strategic management method for the National Sustainable Development Strategy.By taking China's National Sustainable Development Strategy Management as an example,this paper identifies all the stakeholders involved and then assesses stakeholders from two dimensions,namely "Importance" and "Attitude",by which all of the stakeholders are divided into six categories.On this basis,further analysis is made to work out strategic management programme by scheduling the strategic emphases,steps and management countermeasures for different types of stakeholders so as to provide theortical evidence for the practice of National Sustainable Developnent Strategy management.

Management in Sustainable Tourism Development of Serbian Spas

Since Serbia disposes with significant natural potentials, it could have been among the most attractive countries in Europe only if the historical circumstances had been different. Existing natural resources and possibilities for their improvement demand planned strategy to make them efficient. Tourism, as a significant instrument of development, can and should take an active part in the strategy of sustainable development. Special attention in the paper is paid to the development of Vrnjacka Banja Spa as it is one of the main tourist destinations in Serbia. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business venture （SWOT） analysis offers the basic elements for defining the strategic direction and program priorities, measures and targets for improving the overall development of spas in Serbia. To identify the SWOT factors, we used materials from a number of studies on Serbian tourism, surveys on tourists in Vrnjcka Banja Spa and analysis of the market and competition. The SWOT analysis proves that the priority in development of spas in Serbia is attractiveness of the destination which involves the spa-health tourism with great potential in complementary forms of tourism, such as sport-recreational, cultural, transit and hunting tourism. It means that the future strategy should be based on improving and involving modern spa products. It means improving and maximizing marketing so as to make the tourist destination attractive. It further implies maximum investment in modern tourist products.

Corporate Social Responsibility： An Analysis on Consumer Perception

The purpose of this paper is to consider and analyze the profile of modem consumer （careful to consequences of its purchasing decisions in terms of social, ethical and environmental aspects）, in order to identify the role of corporate social responsibility （CSR） for consumer through a study on critical, ethical and responsible purchase of food products. The problem is investigated empirically through a choice experiment method, which is a stated preference method based on a household survey, and through the analysis of the survey on consumer perception. In the food industry, the choice of goods and services requires the consumer decisions that seem to be increasingly dependent on factors not attributable only to the quality/price relationship, instead, they also involve issues directly related to ethics, environment and protection of labor. Today, companies do not limit themselves to undertake CSR, but often they choose to bring the stakeholders aware of such conduct, in an attempt to improve corporate reputation and business results. Therefore, it is to outline a synergy between companies＇ businesses and consumer＇s choice. The findings are based on data from an Italian region, and as such are not directly extendable elsewhere, although they may result to be of interest to other industrialized areas. The paper offers a comprehensive view of relationship between consumers and theme of social responsibility, and how they interface with firms （especially agri-food big companies） and their products; role that CSR plays in relation to the impact it can have on the consumption of food products from buyers; importance that the consumer gives to CSR when purchasing a food product and consumers＇ receptiveness towards sustainable strategies; knowledge degree of particular food categories; consumer willingness to purchase ethically oriented companies＇ products.

Strategies to Promote Sustainable Development of Industrial Parks in Vietnam＇s Northern Key Economic Zone

Industrial Parks （IPs） in the Northern Key Economic Zone of Vietnam （NKEZ） have been making significant contributions to the development of the zone since the first two industrial parks--Noi Bai in Hanoi and Nomura in Hal Phong--were established 15 years ago. So far, there have been 51 IPs in the zone, covering a total area of 13,000 ha. Such IPs play a crucial role in mobilizing capital from domestic and international investors for investments in infrastructure enhancement, trade and production aimed at promoting the economic structure transition. However, besides the above benefits, there are a number of unstable factors preventing further development of the IPs. Thus, the objectives of this study are two-fold. The first is to analyze the unstable factors, and the second is to map out strategies to enhance sustainable development of industrial parks in Vietnam＇s northern key economic zone.

China＇s Sustainable Strategy on Waste Paper as Reusable Resources

Resource reuse and sustainability are gradually becoming hot issues nowadays. Waste paper is an important material in paper reproducing. Comparing to wood pulp, waste paper is more energy-saving and environmentally-friendly. Being a top of one paper producing country in the world, China needs a continuous large quantity of waste paper supply. Waste paper strategy＂ is being taken seriously until the ti^ding of paper manufacttlring period. This paper strives to examine the waste paper circle and the changes of waste paper resource strategy in China nowadays by doing both amount and price analysis on waste paper trade. It is found that China now strives to promote a sustainability of waste paper resource reuse by drawing down waste paper import, increasing domestic reuse and increasing import channels and categories.

The Game-Theoretical Approach to the Simulation of Sustainable Development Strategies

Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. This contradiction is possible to be adequately described in the complex game-theoretic models. But analysis of them is complicated by the problems of algorithmic solvability and the payoff functions construction. Also, the volume of data required creates considerable complexity increased by the conditions of situations uncertainty and conflict. At the same time, international organizations, such as UN （United Nations）, ITU （International Telecommunications Union）, are widely used index system. Indices, built on the aggregation of elementary indicators, allow the estimation of the components of the system and its overall development. The paper discusses the basic concepts of game-theoretic approach to the problems of finding strategies for sustainable development, using indicative analysis techniques. In the proposed approach, estimating of sustainability is considered as the result of finding the optimal values of the payoff functions in general game-theoretical model where the players are matched indices. The interests of the player are to increase of the corresponding index and the optimal situation is implemented as a set of optimal payoff functions values. This allows switching from processing of large amounts of data describing the behavior of the ecological-economic system by the aid of indicators to aggregate estimations, which significantly reduce the sample, and also facilitates the interpretation of the results.

Evolved Urban Form to Respond to Extreme Sea Level Events in Coastal Cities

Along with climate change and global warming, ESLEs （extreme sea level events） are seriously threatening coastal cities＇ development. In order to respond to such events, transformational adaptation strategy in urban planning might play an important role. For instance, it has been proposed that BCR （building coverage ratio） should be minimized to a certain range in order to enhance coastal areas＇ resiliency. For the purpose of urban planning practices, the main objective of this research is to develop a method which could formulate the proper BCR range in vulnerable coastal areas. The research is conducted through simulating storm surge floods in simplified waterfront settlements with different BCRs. Data representing the impact of ESLEs collected through CFD （computational fluid dynamic） simulations has been examined. This research has proved that in dense coastal areas, ESLEs may cause serious damage to the built environment if their protective structures fail. It showed that controlling BCR is an effective way to enhance their resiliency. When the BCR is low, the pressure caused by storm surge floods and wave height can be greatly reduced. However, decreased BCR may also reduce land utilization efficiency. Simulation results indicated that controlling the BCR to around 36% might be the most effective scenario which balances resiliency and land use efficiency. They also showed that under the same storm surge flood scenario, the pressures caused by flood waves could be reduced if the length of the building is increased. This study might be considered as transformational adaptation measures that contributes some knowledge for waterfront development in vulnerable locations, and it also provides scientific and useful proof for sustainable strategies in coastal cities and reveals that particular urban design tools, such as BCR control, could play an essential role in responding to ESLEs.

Planning Strategic Sustainable Development in Malaysia by Incorporating the Concept of Low Carbon Society

Malaysia has undergone rapid urbanization and economic growth for past decades and is expected to continue to have an average economic grow at 5%-6% per annum in the next five years. This phenomenon of growth and pursuit of socio-economic progress has great impact not only on the economy but also on community life style and environment. The concept of sustainable development was adopted by Malaysia government as early as mid 1990s to address some of the emerging environmental issues and more specifically on climate change issues recently. Malaysia government announced a commitment of voluntary 40% reduction in CO2 emission intensity by 2020 during the Conference of Party （COP15） meeting in Copenhagen in 2009. In parallel to this commitment of CO2 emission reduction, the concept of sustainable development in urban planning should incorporate a more comprehensive and quantitative approach in the preparation of development plan as well as in exercising the routine development control practice at the local planning authority. This paper prepares a quantitative scenario study on the establishment of low carbon society in Iskandar Malaysia.

New Changes in the International Situation and China＇ s Strategic Choices

The international situation is evolving more impressively than it has at any time since the end of the Cold War. Globalization has been in decline. Nations are scrambling to gain greater influence. The intemational strategic pattern is being adjusted. Many countries have problems with public management, and are faced with a new array of social trends and increasingly popular movements. The world is entering a new era full of chaos and anxiety. Mankind once again faces significant trade-offs and choices in peace and conflict, development and recession, openness and isolation, liberalism and conservatism. China strives to advocate win-win cooperation and lead the trend of reform and opening to maintain a favorable external environment despite world chaos, and enhance status and institutional fights in the international system. China＇s 30 years of development was successful in the process of integrating into the existing international system; China is a participant as well as a builder of the international system, rather than a challenger or a subversive. In the future, with a constructive attitude, China will promote the international system in a more reasonable direction together with international partners, in order to better safeguard world peace and security, and promote sustainable development throughout the world.

Analysis on the Hotel Management Mode from the Perspective of Low-carbon Tourism

As the global warming is becoming more and more serious, people have gradually come to realize the important role of low- carbon life. Since a strategy of sustainable development was proposed in China, the concept of low-carbon tourism has emerged, requiring tourists to carry out energy conservation and environmental protection as much as possible in the process of travel. The hotels in scenic areas naturally become an important part of tourists in travel and play a crucial role in the development of low-carbon tourism. Therefore, a deep analysis on the present hotel management mode is necessary, promoting hotels to conform to the requirements of low-carbon tourism. In this paper, hotel management is discussed from the perspective of low-carbon tourism, so as to provide ideas of practical significance and guiding role and a basis for the future low-carbon tourism and hotel management.

Recycling economy development model and macroeconomic policy

To develop circular economy is an important way to implement sustainable development strategies. This paper discusses the theoretical origin of the circular economy, and clarifies the mechanism development of circular economy. Combined with the status quo of China＇s economic development, it analyzed the facing problems in the development of circular economy. Our country has carried on the positive exploration and practice in the use of the concept of circular economy to promote sustainable development, and China＇s circular economy is transferred from the start-up phase to promote the establishment of policy mechanisms. Circular economy strategy will also begin to implement in some of China＇s mega-cities. Faced with the arrival of the circular economy, we should look to a higher level up to explore how people should take effective measures to turn challenges into opportunities.

Durban Conference and Carbon Emission Challenge for China

In recent years,with the soaring development of its national strength,China has made the world hear its voice and gained strength in negotiations.However,China is still confronting huge pressure placed by the dominant western countries.During the Durban Conference,three main groups,namely the EU(Europe Union),the Umbrella Group,and the Group of 77 and China,played important roles,among which China is outstanding but is bearing a huge corresponding pressure on carbon emission reduction.China must continue to reinforce the coordination among those emerging developing countries and strive for the status and negotiation rights it deserves.Since energy conservation and emissions reduction is a key component of China's strategy for sustainable development,China should consider the low-carbon economy as an opportunity for development,strongly promote the development of clean energy technology and occupy the international strategic highland of the world economy.

Clusters, Governance and Sustainability

One of the most important aspects of current economical and social reality of each local and regional territory, and very much determinative for its economic development potential, is the nature of its territorial organization of the productive processes, as well as, the characteristics, and sophistication level, of the enterprise strategies that are functioning in it. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role of clusters as engines of economic and social development and sustainability of local and regional territories. Based on a study research methodology, we intend to answer to the following research questions： （1） What is the importance of clusters in the increment process of the local and regional conditions of governance and sustainability？ （2） How specific models of clusters＇ governance can contribute to greater territorial setting of enterprises and to increasing the sustainability of its development strategies？ （3） To what extent industrial public policies can increase the sustainability of development solutions for local and regional economies？