Homo-urbanicus is a planning concept which treats a human being as a rational animal with distinct material,social and intellectual characteristics,and a human settlement as a space in which human beings seek and offe...Homo-urbanicus is a planning concept which treats a human being as a rational animal with distinct material,social and intellectual characteristics,and a human settlement as a space in which human beings seek and offer opportunities for connection.Human-centered planning is the application of classical Natural Law(balance between self-preservation and mutual preservation)to the matching of human needs and human settlements.展开更多
Buckling of a woven fabric is analyzed in this paper when it is subjected to a simple shear in warp direction.The equation to determine the buckling direction (buckling wave direction) is obtained and it is found that...Buckling of a woven fabric is analyzed in this paper when it is subjected to a simple shear in warp direction.The equation to determine the buckling direction (buckling wave direction) is obtained and it is found that the buckling direction is related to the critical amount of shear.It is shown that the out-of-plane buckling of fabric is possible and only a flexural buckling mode can exist.The buckling condition for flexural mode is obtained and the curve for that is illustrated.展开更多
In order to study the failure mechanism of backfill and the reasonable matches between backfill and rock mass, and to achieve the object of safe and efficient mining in metal mine, four types of backfills were tested ...In order to study the failure mechanism of backfill and the reasonable matches between backfill and rock mass, and to achieve the object of safe and efficient mining in metal mine, four types of backfills were tested under uniaxial compression loading, with cement?tailing ratios of 0.250:1, 0.125:1, 0.100:1 and 0.083:1, respectively. With the help of the stress?strain curves, the deformation and failure characteristics of different backfills with differing cement?tailing ratios were analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the damage constitutive equations of cemented backfills with four cement?tailing ratios were proposed on the basis of damage mechanics. Moreover, comparative analysis of constitutive model and experimental results were made to verify the reliability of the damage model. In addition, an energy model using catastrophe theory to obtain the instability criteria of system was established to study the interaction between backfill and rock mass, and then the system instability criterion was deduced. The results show that there are different damage characteristics for different backfills, backfills with lower cement?tailing ratio tend to have a lower damage value when stress reaches peak value, and damage more rapidly and more obviously in failure process after peak value of stress; the stiffness and elastic modulus of rock mass with lower strength are more likely to lead to system instability. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for the rational strength design of backfill mine.展开更多
Exotic options, or “path-dependent” options are options whose payoff depends on the behavior of the price of the underlying between 0 and the maturity, rather than merely on the final price of the underlying, such a...Exotic options, or “path-dependent” options are options whose payoff depends on the behavior of the price of the underlying between 0 and the maturity, rather than merely on the final price of the underlying, such as compound options, reset options and so on. In this paper, a generalization of the Geske formula for compound call options is obtained in the case of time-dependent volatility and time-dependent interest rate by applying martingale methods and the change of numeraire or the change of probability measure. An analytic formula for the reset call options with predetermined dates is also derived in the case by using the same approach. In contrast to partial differential equation (PDE) approach, our approach is simpler.展开更多
Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress-str...Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress-strain curves display the characteristics of plastic deformation. By making use of a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model and by taking into account that the strain rate and strain are a function of I - E(t)/Eo, a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model was simplified by applying dimensional analysis and consequently, a simplified overstress formula was obtained for the stress model. Then, by taking into consideration the effects of damage under a dynamic load on the dynamic loading strength of the rock, the continuous damage theory and the statistical strength theory were introduced into the development of the simplified overstress constitutive formula for the stress model. Hence, a damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, which can be appropriately applied to the analysis of full dynamic stress-strain curves, was developed. By using the simplified damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, the actually measured curves are fitted, indicating that the fitting curves and those actually measured are in good agreement.展开更多
In GIS field, great varieties of information from different domains are involved in order to solve actual problems. But usually spatial information is stored in diverse spatial databases, manipulated by different GIS ...In GIS field, great varieties of information from different domains are involved in order to solve actual problems. But usually spatial information is stored in diverse spatial databases, manipulated by different GIS platforms. Semantic heterogeneity is caused due to the distinctions of conception explanations among various GIS implements. It will result in the information obtaining and understanding gaps for spatial data sharing and usage. An ontology-based model for spatial information semantic interoperability is put forward after the comprehensive review of progress in ontology theory, methodology and application research in GIS domain.展开更多
To making the decision of the developing blue prints,ideal point method was selected to estimate the life cycle cost with effectiveness of torpedo.At the same time,the concept of grey relational entropy of the grey sy...To making the decision of the developing blue prints,ideal point method was selected to estimate the life cycle cost with effectiveness of torpedo.At the same time,the concept of grey relational entropy of the grey system theory was adopted to compute the distance between each blue print and the ideal point(or negative ideal point).The blue print,nearest to the ideal point and farthest to the negative ideal point,is the best one.As an example,four blue prints of torpedo were estimated.The result indicates the practical value of this method.展开更多
A rigid-ion model is used to calculate the force constants and effective dynamical charges of sulphide and selenide spinels. The Raman and infrared phonon modes of normal cubic sulphide spinels MCr2S4 (M = Mn, Co, Fe...A rigid-ion model is used to calculate the force constants and effective dynamical charges of sulphide and selenide spinels. The Raman and infrared phonon modes of normal cubic sulphide spinels MCr2S4 (M = Mn, Co, Fe, Hg, Zn, and Cd) and selenide spinels MCr2Se4 (M = Hg, Zn, and Cd) are calculated at the first Brillouin zone-centre using above model, The significant outcome of the present work is (i) the interatomic interaction between Cr-S (Se) dominates over the Cr-S(Se) and S-S(Se-Se) type of interatomic interactions, (ii) the effective dynamical charges of the bivalent metal ions are nearly zero, and (iii) the selenide spinels are less ionic than the sulphide spinels and the ionicity decreases as MnCr2S4 〉 FeCr2S4 〉 CoCr2S4 〉 and CdOr2C4 〉 ZnCr2C4 〉 HgCr2C4 (C = S and Se). The zone-center phonon frequencies, calculated using these parameters, are found to be in very good agreement with the observed results.展开更多
Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to...Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.展开更多
Implementing effective cost management approaches has recently gained momentum due to intense competition and increasing customer demands. Moreover, effective cost management approaches have contributed to firms' com...Implementing effective cost management approaches has recently gained momentum due to intense competition and increasing customer demands. Moreover, effective cost management approaches have contributed to firms' competitive advantage in relation to cost leadership strategy. Consequently, firms have implemented contemporary cost management systems, such as activity-based management, business process re-engineering, life-cycle costing, target costing, and theory of constraint (TOC), to enable them to become low-cost producers and compete effectively and sustain their performance. Furthermore, focusing on cost management to improve profitability has led to the integration of activity-based costing (ABC) and TOC. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review literature and discuss how integration of ABC and TOC can result in improved and sustained cost management. While these methods have different approaches in addressing cost management, treating them as complementary cost management approaches can result in improved cost management due to improved product costing, improved cost reporting, improved product-mix decisions, and improved cycle-time management. Improvement in cost management will then result in sustained cost management. Sustained cost management is further enhanced with the investment in information customer and shareholder value technology that supports cross-functional decision making to continue creating to remain competitive in the market.展开更多
We propose a model to describe the energy structure and dynamics of a system of a molecule interacting with infinite photon modes in a vibrating microcavity whose boundary oscillates in the fundamental resonance. By c...We propose a model to describe the energy structure and dynamics of a system of a molecule interacting with infinite photon modes in a vibrating microcavity whose boundary oscillates in the fundamental resonance. By constructing an Lie algebra for the infinite photon modes, we obtain analytical expressions of the energy eigenstates, energy eigenvalues and the system's evolution operator for this Raman model under certain conditions.展开更多
We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of multi-qubit with three-party from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite GHZ state. We obtain...We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of multi-qubit with three-party from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite GHZ state. We obtain the successful totM probability of the scheme in the general case and special case, respectively. We also calculate total classical communication cost required in the RSP process with three-party in the general case and special case, respectively.展开更多
China appears to have a "paradox" in its environmental management policies. For example, China's recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world's largest emitter ...China appears to have a "paradox" in its environmental management policies. For example, China's recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world's largest emitter of urban waste. Under such a situation, China is aiming to build up a recycling economy by enacting a number of related laws. Despite the development of waste recycling regulations, however, the load on the environment by continuously increasing waste has not reduced in China so far. What explains this seemingly paradoxical situation of waste recycling in China? It has been pointed out in the previous study on China's climate change policies that environment protection falls under the rubric of sustainable development in China. The question here is whether the same story can be applied to areas other than climate change in China's environmental management. This paper examines it in the area of its waste recycling policy. This paper conducts an evaluation of waste recycling regulations in China by comparing it with the experience of Japan, China's next-door advanced country. It concludes that the waste recycling regulations in China do not primarily aim at reducing the environmental load by reducing the amount of waste but rather for the main purpose of recycling and reusing resources effectively for the sake of economic development.展开更多
In managing an international project, claims are very important. In this paper, a complete information dynamic game model is designed; with the Nash equilibrium values, the huge influence of claim cost on claim strate...In managing an international project, claims are very important. In this paper, a complete information dynamic game model is designed; with the Nash equilibrium values, the huge influence of claim cost on claim strategy is testified and the importance of claims to both sides of a contract especially the contractor is elucidated. Claim chances are also discussed with game theory. At last, from the angle of a repeated game and by comparison with Pareto optimization and Nash equilibrium values, it is concluded that the best payoff can be obtained with a honest attitude and through cooperation between companies.展开更多
Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study a...Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study aims to uncover the facilitative role of the cross-lingual strategy in foreign language instruction by theorizing experienced language teachers' practice. To this end, some experienced teachers were selected in line with the sampling procedures of Grounded Theory from famous English language institutes of Tehran, the capital city of lran. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that first language use can be differentiated based on learners' level of proficiency. For the beginners, it can be used to present classroom management rules, provide learners with the necessary classroom language and establish rapport. Similarly, at intermediate level LI can be used to check mastery over the teaching points, give vocabulary equivalents, and explain writing rules. As for advanced learners, it can be used to explain the subtleties of grammar and provide learners with ideas to participate in classroom discussion and text processing.展开更多
In this paper,the solution of a parallel redundant repairable system is investigated.by using the method of functional analysis.Especially,the linear semigroups of operator theory on Banach space,we prove the existenc...In this paper,the solution of a parallel redundant repairable system is investigated.by using the method of functional analysis.Especially,the linear semigroups of operator theory on Banach space,we prove the existence of the strictly dominant eigenvalue,and show the linear stability of solution.展开更多
This paper presents an introduction to the concepts of domestication and foreignization and the theory of Nida's "dynamic equivalence". Then, the paper makes an analysis of "dynamic equivalence" from the perspect...This paper presents an introduction to the concepts of domestication and foreignization and the theory of Nida's "dynamic equivalence". Then, the paper makes an analysis of "dynamic equivalence" from the perspective of domestication and foreignization.展开更多
文摘Homo-urbanicus is a planning concept which treats a human being as a rational animal with distinct material,social and intellectual characteristics,and a human settlement as a space in which human beings seek and offer opportunities for connection.Human-centered planning is the application of classical Natural Law(balance between self-preservation and mutual preservation)to the matching of human needs and human settlements.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China!(No.1 9772 0 32 )
文摘Buckling of a woven fabric is analyzed in this paper when it is subjected to a simple shear in warp direction.The equation to determine the buckling direction (buckling wave direction) is obtained and it is found that the buckling direction is related to the critical amount of shear.It is shown that the out-of-plane buckling of fabric is possible and only a flexural buckling mode can exist.The buckling condition for flexural mode is obtained and the curve for that is illustrated.
基金Projects(2013BAB02B05,2012BAB08B01)supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of ChinaProject(2013JSJJ029)supported by the Teacher Foundation of Central South University,ChinaProject(51074177)supported by the Joint Funding of National Natural Science Foundation and Shanghai Baosteel Group Corporation,China
文摘In order to study the failure mechanism of backfill and the reasonable matches between backfill and rock mass, and to achieve the object of safe and efficient mining in metal mine, four types of backfills were tested under uniaxial compression loading, with cement?tailing ratios of 0.250:1, 0.125:1, 0.100:1 and 0.083:1, respectively. With the help of the stress?strain curves, the deformation and failure characteristics of different backfills with differing cement?tailing ratios were analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the damage constitutive equations of cemented backfills with four cement?tailing ratios were proposed on the basis of damage mechanics. Moreover, comparative analysis of constitutive model and experimental results were made to verify the reliability of the damage model. In addition, an energy model using catastrophe theory to obtain the instability criteria of system was established to study the interaction between backfill and rock mass, and then the system instability criterion was deduced. The results show that there are different damage characteristics for different backfills, backfills with lower cement?tailing ratio tend to have a lower damage value when stress reaches peak value, and damage more rapidly and more obviously in failure process after peak value of stress; the stiffness and elastic modulus of rock mass with lower strength are more likely to lead to system instability. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for the rational strength design of backfill mine.
基金Project (No. Y604137) supported by the Natural Science Foundationof Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Exotic options, or “path-dependent” options are options whose payoff depends on the behavior of the price of the underlying between 0 and the maturity, rather than merely on the final price of the underlying, such as compound options, reset options and so on. In this paper, a generalization of the Geske formula for compound call options is obtained in the case of time-dependent volatility and time-dependent interest rate by applying martingale methods and the change of numeraire or the change of probability measure. An analytic formula for the reset call options with predetermined dates is also derived in the case by using the same approach. In contrast to partial differential equation (PDE) approach, our approach is simpler.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51374013, 51174005 and 51134012)the Huo Yingdong Funds for Young Teachers to Conduct Researches on Basic Sciences (No. 121050)+1 种基金the academic research activities subsidies for academic and technical leaders and backup candidate in Anhui provincethe funds for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20133415110006)
文摘Using the Splitting Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experimental system, investigations were made into the dynamic mechanical performances of underground soft rocks. The experiments proved that the measured stress-strain curves display the characteristics of plastic deformation. By making use of a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model and by taking into account that the strain rate and strain are a function of I - E(t)/Eo, a revised overstress constitutive formula for the stress model was simplified by applying dimensional analysis and consequently, a simplified overstress formula was obtained for the stress model. Then, by taking into consideration the effects of damage under a dynamic load on the dynamic loading strength of the rock, the continuous damage theory and the statistical strength theory were introduced into the development of the simplified overstress constitutive formula for the stress model. Hence, a damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, which can be appropriately applied to the analysis of full dynamic stress-strain curves, was developed. By using the simplified damage-based constitutive formula for an overstress model, the actually measured curves are fitted, indicating that the fitting curves and those actually measured are in good agreement.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 40601083 ), the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ( No. 2004CB318206).
文摘In GIS field, great varieties of information from different domains are involved in order to solve actual problems. But usually spatial information is stored in diverse spatial databases, manipulated by different GIS platforms. Semantic heterogeneity is caused due to the distinctions of conception explanations among various GIS implements. It will result in the information obtaining and understanding gaps for spatial data sharing and usage. An ontology-based model for spatial information semantic interoperability is put forward after the comprehensive review of progress in ontology theory, methodology and application research in GIS domain.
基金the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No.CX200304)
文摘To making the decision of the developing blue prints,ideal point method was selected to estimate the life cycle cost with effectiveness of torpedo.At the same time,the concept of grey relational entropy of the grey system theory was adopted to compute the distance between each blue print and the ideal point(or negative ideal point).The blue print,nearest to the ideal point and farthest to the negative ideal point,is the best one.As an example,four blue prints of torpedo were estimated.The result indicates the practical value of this method.
文摘A rigid-ion model is used to calculate the force constants and effective dynamical charges of sulphide and selenide spinels. The Raman and infrared phonon modes of normal cubic sulphide spinels MCr2S4 (M = Mn, Co, Fe, Hg, Zn, and Cd) and selenide spinels MCr2Se4 (M = Hg, Zn, and Cd) are calculated at the first Brillouin zone-centre using above model, The significant outcome of the present work is (i) the interatomic interaction between Cr-S (Se) dominates over the Cr-S(Se) and S-S(Se-Se) type of interatomic interactions, (ii) the effective dynamical charges of the bivalent metal ions are nearly zero, and (iii) the selenide spinels are less ionic than the sulphide spinels and the ionicity decreases as MnCr2S4 〉 FeCr2S4 〉 CoCr2S4 〉 and CdOr2C4 〉 ZnCr2C4 〉 HgCr2C4 (C = S and Se). The zone-center phonon frequencies, calculated using these parameters, are found to be in very good agreement with the observed results.
文摘Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.
文摘Implementing effective cost management approaches has recently gained momentum due to intense competition and increasing customer demands. Moreover, effective cost management approaches have contributed to firms' competitive advantage in relation to cost leadership strategy. Consequently, firms have implemented contemporary cost management systems, such as activity-based management, business process re-engineering, life-cycle costing, target costing, and theory of constraint (TOC), to enable them to become low-cost producers and compete effectively and sustain their performance. Furthermore, focusing on cost management to improve profitability has led to the integration of activity-based costing (ABC) and TOC. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review literature and discuss how integration of ABC and TOC can result in improved and sustained cost management. While these methods have different approaches in addressing cost management, treating them as complementary cost management approaches can result in improved cost management due to improved product costing, improved cost reporting, improved product-mix decisions, and improved cycle-time management. Improvement in cost management will then result in sustained cost management. Sustained cost management is further enhanced with the investment in information customer and shareholder value technology that supports cross-functional decision making to continue creating to remain competitive in the market.
文摘We propose a model to describe the energy structure and dynamics of a system of a molecule interacting with infinite photon modes in a vibrating microcavity whose boundary oscillates in the fundamental resonance. By constructing an Lie algebra for the infinite photon modes, we obtain analytical expressions of the energy eigenstates, energy eigenvalues and the system's evolution operator for this Raman model under certain conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60674040,10325523,and 10775048the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant No.2007CB925204China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of multi-qubit with three-party from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite GHZ state. We obtain the successful totM probability of the scheme in the general case and special case, respectively. We also calculate total classical communication cost required in the RSP process with three-party in the general case and special case, respectively.
文摘China appears to have a "paradox" in its environmental management policies. For example, China's recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world's largest emitter of urban waste. Under such a situation, China is aiming to build up a recycling economy by enacting a number of related laws. Despite the development of waste recycling regulations, however, the load on the environment by continuously increasing waste has not reduced in China so far. What explains this seemingly paradoxical situation of waste recycling in China? It has been pointed out in the previous study on China's climate change policies that environment protection falls under the rubric of sustainable development in China. The question here is whether the same story can be applied to areas other than climate change in China's environmental management. This paper examines it in the area of its waste recycling policy. This paper conducts an evaluation of waste recycling regulations in China by comparing it with the experience of Japan, China's next-door advanced country. It concludes that the waste recycling regulations in China do not primarily aim at reducing the environmental load by reducing the amount of waste but rather for the main purpose of recycling and reusing resources effectively for the sake of economic development.
文摘In managing an international project, claims are very important. In this paper, a complete information dynamic game model is designed; with the Nash equilibrium values, the huge influence of claim cost on claim strategy is testified and the importance of claims to both sides of a contract especially the contractor is elucidated. Claim chances are also discussed with game theory. At last, from the angle of a repeated game and by comparison with Pareto optimization and Nash equilibrium values, it is concluded that the best payoff can be obtained with a honest attitude and through cooperation between companies.
文摘Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study aims to uncover the facilitative role of the cross-lingual strategy in foreign language instruction by theorizing experienced language teachers' practice. To this end, some experienced teachers were selected in line with the sampling procedures of Grounded Theory from famous English language institutes of Tehran, the capital city of lran. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that first language use can be differentiated based on learners' level of proficiency. For the beginners, it can be used to present classroom management rules, provide learners with the necessary classroom language and establish rapport. Similarly, at intermediate level LI can be used to check mastery over the teaching points, give vocabulary equivalents, and explain writing rules. As for advanced learners, it can be used to explain the subtleties of grammar and provide learners with ideas to participate in classroom discussion and text processing.
基金Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Henan Education Committee(2008A110022)
文摘In this paper,the solution of a parallel redundant repairable system is investigated.by using the method of functional analysis.Especially,the linear semigroups of operator theory on Banach space,we prove the existence of the strictly dominant eigenvalue,and show the linear stability of solution.
文摘This paper presents an introduction to the concepts of domestication and foreignization and the theory of Nida's "dynamic equivalence". Then, the paper makes an analysis of "dynamic equivalence" from the perspective of domestication and foreignization.