帛书《五十二病方》“者”字用法浅析

上世纪以来出土的简帛文献,为汉语史的研究提供了更为翔实的语料,具有较高的研究价值。本文对帛书《五十二病方》中“者”的用法进行分析,除了传世典籍常见的用法以外,“者”作连词的用法值得注意。

“者”字用法辨——兼评周绪全《“者”字新探》

几年前读过周绪全的《“者”字新探》(以下简称周文),就觉得文中的一些论点和例证不妥。今年我到中学指导教育实习,遇见过去对古汉语较有兴趣和钻研精神的校友,询及判断句主语后“者”字的用法,谈到有人认为“者”表复指是个代词的问题,我又记起周文中的一些论点和例证,感到周文中一些似是而非的论点已经给那些学识不深、辨别是非能力不强的青年语文教师造成了模糊看法,觉得大有提出讨论的必要,以就正于周先生及其他专家学者,也作为对质疑问难的校友的答复。

New Media and the Changes in the Communication Paradigm

With the emergence of the new digital platforms, a diversified number of approaches and providers cannot damage too much a rather crowded info sphere. What may come as a general challenge is the ＂performance＂ amateurs who have the devices, the will but not the skills to become reliable communicators. Good training and an expanded concern for the accuracy of messages should distinguish between fact and fiction, and between information and opinion. The smart phone, the iPod, the lap top, or the tablet has expanded the means of communication. They have also diversified the types of messages circulated. The traditional main stream media outlets are facing a mounting competition from the social networks populated with the folk journalists, albeit, and non-professionals. Basic training of all those willing to come into the communication ring and regulations may concern not only the professionals but also the amateurs, and it may be ways to get over what seems to be a deadlock.

The Effects of Touch Button Size on Touchscreen Operability

The present study investigated the effects of touch button size on touchscreen operability and compared these effects between young adult and elderly participants. A total of 21 young adults （aged 22.3 ± 1.5 years） and 20 elderly adults （aged 68.1 ±4.9 years） were recruited and asked to press square number buttons （from 0 to 9） on an experimental touchscreen with their right index finger. The buttons＇ size changed during the experiment with six conditions （6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm）. It was found that a decrease of the button size to l0 mm or below tended to increase the operation time and error rate, whereas it decreased the subjective overall operability of the touchscreen. Such effects were greater in the elderly adults than in the young adults. In addition, the reaction positions on the buttons were found to be close to the right side of them, which led the fingertip to approach the right outline of the buttons. These findings suggest that the use of small touch buttons should be minimised on touchscreens, especially for elderly users.

Brand Marketing in an era of big data

In the digital age, people＇ s lifestyles and ways of thinking are in a series of changes, this change also makes it a big shift in consumer attitudes. It gives consumers a broader perspective, while also improving the self-consciousness of consumers. These effects will no longer fully believe in traditional consumer marketing ＂bombing＂ the dissemination and indoctrination, they are more inclined to be questioned brands and products, and they can express their views on the basis that affects other people. In this era of environment, if businesses and vendors for their view is indifferent attitude, they will lose a lot of attention to the crowd, and also it makes the influence of the traditional marketing model spread greatly reduced.

Development of Patient Rights and Analysis of Patient Complaints in Turkey

The aim of this study is to identify the development of patient rights in Turkey and to analyze patient complaints in the country. An attempt was made to determine how the issues discussed in patient rights committees are differentiated from the applications made to the patient rights units of the hospitals within the body of Ministry of Health in 2009, depending on variables such as branch, province, region, hospital type, title, gender, and subject of application, 18,634 applications were content analysed after they were classified in terms of subject, unit, title, branch, province, and region, and were transformed into numerical codes to prepare the data for analysis. The results show on a regional basis that Marmara is in the first place with 34.9% and East Anatolia is in the last place with 4.6%. The unit receiving the most complaints is outpatient services with 43.1%. Regarding position title, specialists ranked first with 37.9% and managers ranked next with 11.3%. When reviewing the subjects of the applications, they are ranked as follows： （1） lack of benefiting from the services （44%）; and （2） lack of receiving respect and comfort （26.8%）. Patient rights violations were detected in 12.7% but not in 51.6% of the applications made.

Civic Engagement, Fake News and the Path Forward

Media literacy and understanding the digital information around us are an area of communication that affects all of us. How people are represented in the media, social media and our civic participation affect our representations and understanding of the truth. The author would argue through research and practical examples that civic engagement and associations with a peer group can counteract some of the issues facing digital media today. In an age of the so-called ＂fake news,＂ there are tools we can provide for our teams, our employees, and our collaborators to make sure we are all on the same page and dealing with the same set of verifiable facts

A Study on Control of Interconnection Inverter with FRT and Islanding Detection Functions

In this study, the authors aim to develop the interconnection inverter ofPV （photovoltaic generation） system with FRT （fault ride thorough） function and islanding detection function, and analyze the interaction between the both functions during the momentary voltage drop by using an analytical model of distribution system interconnected plural PV systems. Moreover, the authors propose a cooperated control method of the inverters ~vith the islanding detection function and FRT function, and carry out a numerical calculation in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.

A fast-track diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for acute pulmonary embolism patients at peri-operational period

Acute pulmonary embolism(APE) in operation room is a constant,lethal but treatable disease.A fast determination of APE in an operation room is currently difficult due to a non-specificity on its signs,symptoms,electrocardiograph findings,arterial blood gas abnormalities and chest X-rays.Clinically,an APE can automatically originate from a small and clinically asymptomatic embolus to massive,proximal emboli with shock during a scheduled surgery period.An accurate,brief and prompt diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for APE in a peri-operation period is crucial for anesthesiologists to make a decision on an appropriate clinical intervention to improve patients' outcomes.The purpose of this mini-review article is to illuminate a fast-track diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for APE patients in a perioperative period through a hybrid of the high sensitive and high specific viable diagnostic modality of D-dimer assay in conjunction with necessary emergent pulmonary angiography(EPA),including digital subtraction angiography(DSA),or a spiral computed tomography angiography(sCTA) for APE patients' diagnosis and treatment during operation.The postulated fast-track diagnostic and therapeutic strategy can effectively confirm or exclude highly suspected APE and simultaneously provide fast therapeutic opportunities for APE patients at an operative period.

Secondary Text： Author＇s Conception and Translator＇s Individuality

Translation, or interpretive and language code conversion of the text, is considered as an independent complex type of speech activity which consists of such stages as perception, understanding and interpretation of the foreign-language text and actual translation, that is selection of language means for the expression of the interpretive version of the original. Considerable attention is paid nowadays to the translations of works of such literary genre as literary fairy tale. Fairy tale is a type of prosaic folklore, which is met in the folklore of various peoples. Not only have literary fairy tales grown on the basis of folklore, but they also inherited its genre characteristics, developing and transforming them. Translation as an interpretive conversion of the text is considered within the concept ＂secondary text＂. The conspicuous feature of secondary texts is the double reference of the word： to its own culture referent and to a foreign culture referent. The secondary text cannot be completely understood and appreciated without its reference to ＂the second plane＂. Subjected to analysis are the problems of preserving original pragrnatics in secondary texts. The challenge of national fairy tales translation lies in the discrepancy of cultural concepts of the two nations and in considerable distinctions between the characters of Russian and British national fairy tales. The traditions of Russian national culture and the consistency of grammatical gender expression in the Russian language lead to gender shifts in the translation of English literary fairy tales.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques in the era of hybrid coronary revascularization： additional benefits for the elderly patients？

Geriatric patients affected by stable multi-vessel coronary artery disease （CAD） are at the crossroad： they can live with the risks of acute coronary syndrome, malignant arrhythmias or heart failure, or they can undergo a rapid evaluation for myocardial revascularization.

Unsuccessful letter–sound integration in English reading by native Chinese speakers: evidence from an event related potentials study

Integrating letters and sounds are essential for successful reading in alphabetic languages. It remains unclear if native speakers of non-alphabetic languages integrate letters and sounds in reading an alphabetic lan- guage in the same way as native alphabetic readers do. Chinese is a morpho-syllabic system （each character cor- responds to one syllable） and contrasts sharply with alphabetic languages such as English. Several fMRI studies have shown that native Chinese speakers apply their native language system to read English words. By using the cross- modal mismatch negativity （MMN） paradigm, we directly investigated letter-sound integration for reading in English among native Chinese speakers. To investigate the effect of native language background on letter-sound integration in second language reading, a group of native Korean English learners served as a comparison group. We compared MMN responses between an auditory only condition （only vowels presented） and two audiovisual conditions （AV0, vowel presented synchronously with the corresponding letter; AV200, the letter presented 200 ms before the corresponding vowel） for both native Chinese and native Korean speakers. Native Chinese speakers demonstrated significantly attenuated MMN amplitudes in audiovisual conditions compared with the auditory only condition, regardless of their phonological decoding speed. In con- trast, native Korean speakers showed amplified amplitude MMN in AV200 compared with that in the auditory only condition. The results suggest that native language may shape the brain responses of second language learners to reading a second language in the early stages. Native non- alphabetic language speakers may be unable to use visual information to facilitate their phonological processing in the early stage while naT：lye alphabetic language speakers are capable of integrating letter sounds automatically.

Degree-Based Moment Estimation for Ordered Networks

The edges between vertices in networks take not only the common binary values, but also the ordered values in some situations(e.g., the measurement of the relationship between people from worst to best in social networks). In this paper, the authors study the asymptotic property of the moment estimator based on the degrees of vertices in ordered networks whose edges are ordered random variables. In particular, the authors establish the uniform consistency and the asymptotic normality of the moment estimator when the number of parameters goes to infinity. Simulations and a real data example are provided to illustrate asymptotic results.