简帛“说体”故事与中国古代“训语”传统——以北大简《周驯》为例

中国古代素有寓教于成败故事的"训语"传统,此"训"属于"说体"之"训"。北大简《周驯》恰是历史故事书,为战国时期周昭文公每月一讲训诫龏(共)太子的记录文本,印证了传世文献所提《训典》《训语》、"教之《语》"等等的"训语"之制。《周驯》所讲故事,有与《吕氏春秋》《新书》《韩诗外传》《说苑》等相同相似相异者,也有新见者,可作为传世"说体"文本来源之证、变异之证和缺载之证,也是先秦时期"说体"文本存在、传播及其与"训语"传统之关系的直接呈现。

先秦“语”体的发生、演化及内在脉络

先秦"语"体由论答他人提出的问题这一性质的行为而名体,原本具有教、议、论等方面的原始意蕴,雏形当为远古具有格言性质的"语",其功能主要是告诫。早期的"语"原本是主体和言说对象面对面的言说,因其被史官记载而形成了记载的言说主体言说的话语文本即"训语"和记述主体记述的话语文本即"事语"的两种形态。后"训语"演化出《墨子》《庄子》《荀子》等论说文体,而这些文体尤其是《庄子》又往往采用"事语"来说理;"事语"则演化出《国语》《晏子春秋》《战国策》和《论语》《孟子》中部分篇章的记述性语、论文体,大多所记以人物话语为主。这种演化内在脉络的形成,是因为中国的文体是一种功能性文体,"语"体的第二文本形态不仅与训语言说的目的有着一致性,而且这一目的很多时候是借第一文本形态的训语来实现。它们这一内在的逻辑关系,规定了"训语"和"事语"的演化及相互影响。

Region-Aware Fashion Contrastive Learning for Unified Attribute Recognition and Composed Retrieval

Clothing attribute recognition has become an essential technology,which enables users to automatically identify the characteristics of clothes and search for clothing images with similar attributes.However,existing methods cannot recognize newly added attributes and may fail to capture region-level visual features.To address the aforementioned issues,a region-aware fashion contrastive language-image pre-training(RaF-CLIP)model was proposed.This model aligned cropped and segmented images with category and multiple fine-grained attribute texts,achieving the matching of fashion region and corresponding texts through contrastive learning.Clothing retrieval found suitable clothing based on the user-specified clothing categories and attributes,and to further improve the accuracy of retrieval,an attribute-guided composed network(AGCN)as an additional component on RaF-CLIP was introduced,specifically designed for composed image retrieval.This task aimed to modify the reference image based on textual expressions to retrieve the expected target.By adopting a transformer-based bidirectional attention and gating mechanism,it realized the fusion and selection of image features and attribute text features.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a mean precision of 0.6633 for attribute recognition tasks and a recall@10(recall@k is defined as the percentage of correct samples appearing in the top k retrieval results)of 39.18 for composed image retrieval task,satisfying user needs for freely searching for clothing through images and texts.

谋近以致远,养根而俟实——关于湖南人文科技学院校训的思考

一般而言,校训有训导性、切合性、文化传承性、精要性、文学性、新颖性、相对长效性等特性。湖南人文科技学院的校训可以拟定为"谋近以致远,养根而俟实"两句话。这个校训切合校情,包含厚德、博学、求实、坚毅、刻苦、求真、自强等内容母题。表达上,采用宏观表述角度和二元对举句式,运用了借代、比喻修辞格。

ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH LANGUAGE TRAINING FOR TREATMENT OF MOTOR APHASIA CAUSED BY ISCHEMIC APOPLEXY

Objective To observe therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with language training on aphasia induced by ischemic apoplexy and investigate the mechanisms. Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group treated by acupuncture associated with language training and a control group treated by simple language training. Tongue-acupuncture was applied as the main therapy, and language training included speech organ training, mouth-shape and voice training, spoken language expression training and practical communication ability training. According to Aphosio Bottery of Chinese （ABC）, language ex- amination evaluation was made, and event related potential （P300） was detected before and after treatment. Results The therapeutic effect in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group （P〈O. 05）, and the scores of ABC items including information content, speech fluency, repetition, vocabula- ry denomination, color naming, response denomination, confirmation or negation, acoustic recognition and carrying out instruction in the treatment group were obviously higher than those in the control group （P〈0.05）. After one course of treatment, the latencies of N2 and P3 waves in P300 were significantly short- ened and the amplitude of P3 was significantly elevated in the treatment group, compared with those in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with language training provided remarkable therapeutic effects in treating cerebral infarction-induced motor aphasia, and it was better than simple lan- guage training. The results of enhancing of the ABC scores including information content, speech fluency, repetition, vocabulary denomination, color naming, response denomination, confirmation or negation, acous- tic recognition and carrying out instruction, and shortening of the latencies of N2 and P3 waves in P300 and ele- vation of P3 amplitude may be taken as the indices for evaluating and anticipating clinical therapeutic effects of the therapy for treating the disease, which may also be some of the mechanisms.

Recognition of Speech Based on HMM/MLP Hybrid Network

This paper presents a new HMM/MLP hybrid network for speech recognition. By taking advantage of the discriminative training of MLP, the unreasonable model correctness assumption on the model correctness of the ML training in basic HMM can be overcome, and its discriminative ability and recognition performance can be improved. Experimental results demonstrate that the discriminative ability and recognition performance of HMM/MLP is apparently better than normal HMM.

《汉语大字典》误用《释名》声训考辨(二)

文章对《汉语大字典》引用《释名》声训的30条材料进行了考辨,纠正了《汉语大字典》误用声训的错误。

Beyond Parroting:Using English Fun Dubbing to Improve English Oral Performance

The present paper is a response to the current problematic situation of oral English teaching at the tertiary level in China and the increasing popularity of web-based mobile oral English learning in oral English classes.Our paper focuses on the use of mobile-phone-based educational software known as“English Fun Dubbing”(EFD)and its advantages in terms of teaching and learning phonetics and oral English in the college classroom.The starting point was a needs analysis which revealed the lack of practice regarding English speaking.In this study,an action research method was adopted,involving 40 second-year students,who employed“classroom teaching+English Fun Dubbing”model as the intervention.Extensive examples from this model were used to build up a picture of the blended learning processes at work.Several imitation tasks,a conversational activity and a speech-delivering task were designed and implemented.Direct observation and the results of the questionnaire survey provided the evidence of the improvement in the students’oral performance.It is our aim to develop the present project to incorporate oral proficiency.The main results of this action research were reflected in the adjustments in the pedagogical treatment,the changes in the role of the teacher and the student,and the shifts in the students’attitudes towards their learning process.

Evaluation of CALL software ＂Language Coach＂

Using CALL authoring software ＂Language Coach＂ as a field example, this case study looks into criteria of software evaluation. Theoretical and empirical analyses reveal that Chapelle＇s principles for evaluating CALL software, which focus on ＂Language Learning Potential,＂ not only broaden ways for the innovation of CALL software, but also shed lights on CALL pedagogy.

Learning strategies training in classroom teaching

In contemporary English teaching, the study of English learning strategies has become one of the main concerns in teachers＇ teaching and research processes. The necessity of implementation of learning strategies training in the field of English teaching practice still remains disputable. This essay first introduces the different reactions towards the field; then advances the idea of combining English teaching strategies with English learning strategies attempting the implementation of learning strategies training in the classroom teaching. Finally, some thinking produced in the process of practicing the strategies training is raised to reexamine this teaching mode.

Discourse Intonation and Teacher Cognition

This study examines the relationship between discourse intonation （henceforth DI） and teacher cognition. Drawing on the rich literature on the teacher cognition in grammar, this study borrows some relevant insights for a better understanding of the relationship between teacher cognition and DI. Following a qualitative treatment, the study concludes that instruction on D1 is a dynamic debate fed by both teacher training and teachers＇ experience of teaching and learning in general, which leads into suggesting the need for any teacher training on DI to take into account both DI knowledge as well as teacher core and peripheral belief. The contribution of the study lies in its tapping of a relatively poorly investigated area and offering advances on the many negative or simplistic teacher attitudes regarding intonation instruction as expressed in the literature, as well as in bringing to the surfaces something which teachers sometimes are not explicitly aware of.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Language Learning Strategy Training for Chinese Adult English Learners

This paper explores how to implement effective strategy training for part-time Chinese adult English learners in a tertiary FLT （Foreign Language Teaching） classroom. Through a study of threx~ semesters during which six sessions of learner training workshops and constant, integrated task-based instruction were carried out, empirical evidence was collected via the instrument of questionnaires, interviews, learners＇ regular written reports, and the findings indicate that： （1） The students reported a statistically significant increase of the overaU average frequency of language strategy use over all SILL （The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） items with 2.95 at the beginning and 3.61 at the end; and （2） Well-organized, explicit, and discrete leaner training workshops combined with frequent, explicit, and integrated task-based strategy instruction are an effective and helpful way to improve learners＇ awareness, selection, and frequency of strategy use, which can further foster learner autonomy.

The Existing Situation and Training about Maritime English Teachers in China

Based on analyzing the existing situation about Maritime English teachers in China, a qualified maritime English teacher must not only have the good English competence but also be familiar with the related maritime knowledge. In this paper, the author proposes some effective ways to improve the qualities of maritime English teachers.

Analysis of Training and Application of College English translation capabilities

The University English translation requirements focus on improving students ＇ ability to translate and apply to all areas of the English translation, the article proposes how to improve students＇ English translation capability, and expounded in English translation in business activities in the correct application.

Study of Revelatory Impact of College English Teaching for Cross-cultural Awareness Training

With the rapid development of the world economy and technology, Chinese cross-cultural communication with the outside world has become more frequent and widespread. It caused challenges for college English teaching in current stage. It is more urgent for us to adapt to the 21st century and cultivate cross-cultural personnel with practical language skills. This also caused widespread concern in foreign language field. English teachers who research the relations culture and language 20 years ago began to realize the importance of cross-cultural awareness training in foreign language teaching. However, compared to the fruitful theoretical results of cross-cultural awareness, training practice in college English teaching is not satisfactory. On the one hand, due to the lack of deep-rooted traditional language teaching methods and the necessity of understanding of cross-cultural awareness training, a part of the University haven＇ t implement literature teaching and develop students＇ cross-cultural awareness. On the other hand, many colleges and universities did try cross-cultural awareness trainings. However, due to lack of necessary theoretical guidance and effective implementation of the program, the effect is not very good. Many students still lack the necessary cross-cultural awareness.

What do student writers benefit from pre-writing discussions？

Given that speaking plays a fundamental role in writing, this paper reports on a one-year program of the training of student writers. This training program consists of three parts： a pre-training investigation over learners＇ needs and expectations, various forms of the pre-writing discussions over different stages of the program, and a post-training investigation to get the feedback from the learners.

Practical use of task design in oral English teaching： Focus on task types

The implication of Task-Based Language Teaching （TBLT） in oral English teaching continues to draw attention of language teachers and researchers. This paper will survey issues at the core of TBLT, with particular emphasis on the six task types in Jane Willis＇ theory. Following a brief introduction of TBLT, the six types of task will be reviewed and its practical use in oral English teaching will be explored. Finally, the paper will point out some problems in TBLT, mainly focus on task and its design.

TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY WITH APHASIA BY LINGUISTIC TRAINING COMBINED WITH ACUPUNCTURE

Objective： To explore the best remedies for cerebral palsy with aphasia. Methods： A total of 76 cases of cerebral palsy children with aphasia were evenly randomized into control group and treatment group. Patients of treatment group were treated with “consciousness-restoring needling” plus linguistic training and these of control group treated with simple linguistic training method. Acupuncture was given once every other day, and linguistic training conducted once 6 times a week, with 10 times being a therapeutic course and the interval between two weeks being 10 - 15 days. Following 3 courses of treatment, the therapeutic effect was analyzed. Results. After 3 courses of treatment, of the two 38 cases in treatment and control groups, 27 （71.1% ） and 13 （34.2%） had remarkable improvement in their symptoms. The therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly superior to that of control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The developmental quotient values of speech of treatment and control groups were 56.36 ± 19.77 and 46.96± 15.63 respectively, displaying that acupuncture could significantly improve cerebral palsy patients＇ speaking ability （P〈0 05）. Conclusion. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy plus linguistic training is significantly superior to that of simple linguistic training .

Teaching Listening

In many settings, listening is the most used language skill and also the channel through which students get much of their language input. Development of listening skills should thus be given the same attention as development of other skills.