Development Trend of Energy and Key Points of Ecological Environment Protection in China's "14^(th) Five-Year Plan" Period

From the changes of total primary energy consumption and primary energy consumption structure,installed capacity and power generation of secondary energy(electricity),etc.,the development characteristics of China's energy structure in the"13^(th) Five-Year Plan"period was comprehensively studied.Combined with the complexity of the international situation,the diversification of the domestic energy system,the intelligence of the energy industry,etc.,the situation and challenges faced by China's energy development were deeply discussed in the four aspects of energy security,energy low-carbon transformation,energy system efficiency,and energy technology level.From the angle of ecological environment protection,the development of energy in the"14^(th) Five-Year Plan"period in China was analyzed,and some policies and measures were put forward.

Economic development, energy demand, and carbon emission prospects ofChina's provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan period: Application ofCMRCGE model

This study focuses on a national regional coordinated development strategy and adopts China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the economic and social development, energy demand, and carbon emissions of the provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP, 2021 2025) period based on the economic development and energy demand since the New Normal. The main conclusions are the following: 1) Under the guidance of the regional coordinated development strategy, 13 provinces/municipalities are expected to have a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$15,000, and 16 provinces/municipalities will have a per capita GDP of US$10,000 15,000. All provincial economies are expected to achieve steady and rapid development by the end of the 14th FYP. 2) The total energy consumption of the provinces is expected to reach 5.45 Gtce (excluding Tibet) in 2025, and the average annual growth rate is approximately 1.5%. The growth of energy demand will remain in low speed. The key point of energy demand will gradually shift from the eastern to the middle area, while the proportion of energy use in the western provinces will remain stable, which is consistent with the economic development stage and regional coordinated development strategy. 3) The annual average carbon intensity (mainly considering carbon emissions from energy use) of the provinces will approximately with most provinces dropping by over 4.0%. The trend of a considerable decline in carbon intensity, as observed in recent years, is expected to continue.

Economists’Judgement on China’s Socio-Economic Development in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.

China’s 13th and 14th Five-Year Plans:Review and Advice

The 13th Five-year Plan period ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During this period,China’s economy transitioned from rapid to high-quality growth and weathered the storms of the trade war with the United States and the COVID-19 outbreak.Chinese policymakers embraced new development concepts,and fought to cut overcapacity and excess inventory,deleverage,lower costs,and bolster weak areas under the theme of supply-side structural reforms.In fighting the three tough battles of major risk prevention,targeted poverty reduction and pollution abatement,China has largely resolved myriad structural contradictions and maintained rapid domestic economic growth and stability.Most targets for the 13th Five-year Plan period have been achieved ahead of time or are near completion on time.Institutional sophistication has bolstered high-quality development.

China’s Rural Development in the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan Period

The 14^(th) Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025)is a critical transition for China’s social and economic development.After achieving moderate prosperity and eradicating absolute poverty in 2020,China will embark upon a new journey towards an affluent society with rural revitalization replacing poverty eradication as a new priority of government agenda on agriculture and rural affairs.In the 14^(th) FYP period,China should increase rural prosperity in all respects,modernize agriculture and the countryside,address food security challenges,raise farmers’incomes,and roll out rural reforms.

A Review of Development of Environmental Protection Information during the 12^(th) Five-Year Plan Period and Its Outlook

During the 12^(th)Five-Year Plan period,the environmental protection information work made remarkable achievements,and the construction of nationwide air quality monitoring network was completed; the trinitarian monitoring system was established,and environmental emergency command ability enhanced significantly. However,the issues of " information island" and " application silo" are still outstanding,and the application and promotion of new technologies make slow progress; the capacity of information system to support environmental protection business is insufficient,and there is no capacity for decision analysis. In the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan period,it is needed to strengthen the application and promotion of new technologies such as cloud computing,big data,Internet of Things,and spatial information,mainly construct and improve " Cloud Computing Based Environmental Protection( CCBEP) ", " big data platform of ecological environment",and then realize the core objective of improving environmental quality.

Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, China

Over the past decade,the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice,and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles.Through the formulation and implementation of these policies,the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in 2019 were 147.9,25.3,43.4,and 0.91 kton in Beijing,respectively.The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control.In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing,different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established,and emissions reductions were projected.The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants(CO,VOCs,NO_(x),and PM_(2.5))fromvehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019,compared to their levels in 2009.The contribution of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019,which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved.Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions.With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles,it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Towards carbon neutrality and China's 14th Five-Year Plan: Clean energy transition, sustainable urban development, and investment priorities

China's 14th Five-Year Plan,for the period 2021e25,presents a real opportunity for China to link its longterm climate goals with its short-to medium-term social and economic development plans.China's recent commitment to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 has set a clear direction for its economy,but requires ratcheting up ambition on its near-term climate policy.Against this background,this paper discusses major action areas for China's 14th Five-Year Plan after COVID-19,especially focusing on three aspects:the energy transition,a new type of sustainable urban development,and investment priorities.China's role in the world is now of a magnitude that makes its actions in the immediate future critical to how the world goes forward.This decade,2021e2030,is of fundamental importance to human history.If society locks in dirty and high-carbon capital,it raises profound risks of irreversible damage to the world's climate.It is crucial for China to peak its emissions in the 14th Five-Year Plan(by 2025),making the transition earlier and cheaper,enhancing its international competitiveness in growing new markets and setting a strong example for the world.The benefits for China and the world as a whole could be immense.

我国人工智能产业人才政策的量化分析、前沿动态与“十四五”展望

创新型人才是实现我国人工智能产业关键核心技术突破的重要抓手。通过量化分析和知识图谱聚类等方法,对我国人工智能产业人才政策和文献进行量化评估和可视化分析。结果表明,我国人工智能产业人才政策总体偏向于社会人才引进,人才自主培养较为薄弱,人才质量与产业发展速度不相适配。同时,我国人工智能人才的顶层设计、培养模式是学术界和产业界研究与关注的热点。"十四五"时期,我国应该在基础研究等方面弥补人才短板,引培并举,用好人才评价激励的"指挥棒"。

我国香蕉产业“十三五”回顾与“十四五”展望

“十三五”期间,在国家高度重视下,香蕉产业发展取得较大成就,为香蕉产业提质增效、蕉农增收、精准脱贫和热区农业现代化建设作出重要贡献。回顾“十三五”,我国香蕉产业亮点突出,主要表现在政策引导、科技支撑、产业联盟和三产融合发展等多方面。“十四五”期间,香蕉产业在把握新趋势和新机遇的基础上,要加强品种培育力度、提高病虫害防控的社会化服务能力、提高采后处理能力、培育品牌、延长产业链等,促进香蕉产业高质量发展。

中国“十四五”绿色消费衡量指标体系构建与战略展望

“十四五”期间,消费领域的绿色转型对推动经济社会整体绿色转型意义重大。本文通过借鉴国内外绿色消费衡量指标的理论研究与实践经验,探索构建了反映消费产品、消费行为、消费结果绿色,同时又涵盖衣、食、住、用、行等当前消费重点领域的绿色消费衡量指标体系。在此基础上,对绿色消费的现实状况以及变化趋势进行了分析,提出了“十四五”中国推动绿色消费的战略展望,为“十四五”时期中国推进绿色消费工作提供宏观决策参考。

中欧班列物流实践与“十四五”发展愿景展望

中欧班列是"一带一路"建设的黄金品牌项目,也是惠及欧亚各国的物流大通道。自2011年中欧班列开行至今,已经度过了10年春秋。2020年是中欧班列第一个五年规划收官之年,班列年度开行量突破万列关口,为"十三五"画上一个圆满句号,得到了欧亚沿线国家和人民的认同和肯定。"十四五"时期,随着"一带一路"建设的深入推进,作为新兴的欧亚物流运输方式和便捷通道,中欧班列要顺势而为,解决好运行过程中遇到的难点问题,服务好欧亚商贸经济发展和人文交流,服务好欧亚各国人民的生产生活,服务好欧亚各国企业、货主和承运商,为构建起新时代绿色、安全、繁荣的新丝绸之路贡献力量。

China’s Economic Development in the New Era: Challenges and Paths

China’s economy has seen rapid development ever since its reform and opening-up strategy was launched in 1978.Strong economic expansion over the past four decades has taken China from low-income to upper-middle-income status.Looking back at the transformation that China has made,however,we must recognise that the old growth story is coming to an end.The phase of development driven by investment in physical capital will be increasingly supplanted by investment in assets such as knowledge and social capital as well as investment in preservation of natural capital.Recognising the challenges that China is facing,with this paper we aim to offer an approach to growth and development that could spell out a new development strategy for the country as the 21st century progresses.China will focus on the technologies with high-quality growth prospects:modern service sectors,including health,education,transport,communications and IT,artificial intelligence,finance,logistics,sustainable urban infrastructure and new food and land-use systems.With today’s technologies,China can help the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries embark on a much more sustainable,more efficient and greener form of development,avoiding historical problems of pollution and congestion,with China itself moving up the value chain at the same time.

The Next Five Years(2022-2027)Will Be Crucial for Building a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects:Implications from the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC

As pointed out in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the next five years(2022-2027)will be crucial for beginning to build a modern socialist country in all respects.Firstly,the next five years will be a period of historical transition in the central task of the CPC.The central task of the CPC will be to realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.At this crucial stage for getting our efforts off to a good start,China should understand and pursue the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization.Secondly,the next five years will be a period of deep reform in which strategic opportunities,risks and challenges are concurrent.Alongside a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation well underway,the new principal contradiction facing Chinese society,a historical transition in the central task of the CPC,and a shift in the international balance of power,profound and complex changes are taking place in China's internal and external environment for development.Uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising and must be dealt with appropriately.Thirdly,the next five years will be a key period of achieving China's overall development objectives for 2035.It is a paramount stage of meeting the 14th Five-Year Plan goals,formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan goals,and realizing Chinese modernization by 2035.China should uphold the CPC's overall leadership,follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,apply a people-centered development philosophy,remain committed to deepening reform and opening up,and carry forward our fighting spirit.Fourthly,the next five years will be a crucial period of accelerating the creation of a new pattern of development and pursuing high-quality development.Chinese modernization should be advanced through a series of strategic initiatives,such as building a high-standard socialist market economy,modernizing the industrial system,propelling rural revitalization across the board,promoting coordinated regional development,and boosting high-standard opening up.Fifthly,the next five years will be an impact period of unprecedented downward pressure on the national economy under various factors and risks beating expectations.In order to achieve the 14th Five-Year Plan goals and the overall development objectives by 2035,it is necessary to defuse the threefold pressure composed of increasing demand shrinkage,supply shocks and flagging market expectations,as well as intensifying potential risks.To accomplish the main objectives and tasks for the next five years,it is necessary to observe objective laws,apply the new development philosophy,continue to pursue economic development as central task,adopt system-based thinking,take steady steps to sustain progress,and promote high-quality development in a scientific and effective manner.

Contributions on the Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme and the Supply of Rural Teachers

In the past decade,the Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme has witnessed remarkable progress,but there are deficiencies including inadequate benefit guarantee for and mixed reviews on the quality of special-contracted teachers.In the context of developing the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)for education and accelerating the modernization of education,the current implementation of the Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme requires to be further examined and judged,to adjust the policy in time and present policy recommendations for the supply of rural teachers during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.Therefore,several scholars were invited to contribute to gain insight into this policy from multiple perspectives.

Economic implications of the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee for China’s Hong Kong

The sixth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),also known as‘the Sixth Plenum’,was successfully held in Beijing from 8 to 11 November 2021.It passed a historic resolution on the major achievements and historical experience of the CPC over the past 100 years and set forth the direction of China’s development in the next few decades.This paper aims to analyse the conclusions reached in the sixth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and discuss its economic implications for the Hong Kong SAR.

我国服务型制造发展和“十四五”展望

适应全球新技术革命和产业变革的大趋势,我国生产性服务业与制造业融合互动发展成为新的经济增长动力。"十四五"时期,大力发展服务型制造对于提升产业创新能力、市场竞争能力、抵御风险能力,全面推进从科技强到产业强、经济强、国家强的历史进程十分重要。文章阐述了我国服务型制造进入新阶段"六个转变"的特征,剖析了服务型制造发展的"十种模式"。明确提出"十四五"期间,我国服务型制造要坚持高端化与国际化、网络化与协同化、数字化与虚拟化、平台化与生态化、精益化与集约化、绿色化与循环化的发展方向。