Despite the massive efforts that have been made to conserve plant diversity across the world during the past few decades, it is becoming increasingly evident that our current strategies are not sufficiently effective ...Despite the massive efforts that have been made to conserve plant diversity across the world during the past few decades, it is becoming increasingly evident that our current strategies are not sufficiently effective to prevent the continuing decline in biodiversity. As a recent report by the CBD indicates,current progress and commitments are insufficient to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by 2020.Threatened species lists continue to grow while the world's governments fail to meet biodiversity conservation goals. Clearly, we are failing in our attempts to conserve biodiversity on a sufficient scale.The reasons for this situation are complex, including scientific, technical, sociological, economic and political factors. The conservation community is divided about how to respond. Some believe that saving all existing biodiversity is still an achievable goal. On the other hand, there are those who believe that we need to accept that biodiversity will inevitably continue to be lost, despite all our conservation actions and that we must focus on what to save, why and where. It has also been suggested that we need a new approach to conservation in the face of the challenges posed by the Anthropocene biosphere which we now inhabit. Whatever view one holds on the above issues, it is dear that we need to review the effectiveness of our current conservation strategies, identify the limiting factors that are preventing the Aichi goals being met and at the same time take whatever steps are necessary to make our conservation protocols more explicit, operational and efficient so as to achieve the maximum conservation effect. This paper addresses the key issues that underlie our failure to meet agreed targets and discusses the necessary changes to our conservation approaches. While we can justifiably be proud of our many achievements and successes in plant conservation in the past 30 years, which have helped slow the rate of loss, unless we devise a more coherent, consistent and integrated global strategy in which both the effectiveness and limitations of our current policies, action plans and procedures are recognized, and reflect this in national strategies, and then embark on a much bolder and ambitious set of actions,progress will be limited and plant diversity will continue to decline.展开更多
Global biodiversity is in crisis as a result of human activity.This biodiversity crisis has been well documented by scientists,recognized by world leaders,politicians,businesses,and citizens.Both the biodiversity and ...Global biodiversity is in crisis as a result of human activity.This biodiversity crisis has been well documented by scientists,recognized by world leaders,politicians,businesses,and citizens.Both the biodiversity and climate crises need to be addressed now.2020 was when this change was supposed to start,with the 15th Conference of Parties(COP15)of the Convention on Biodiversity(CBD)meeting in Kunming,and the 26th Conference of Parties(COP26)of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Glasgow,but both meetings were postponed.COP26 was held a year late(November 2021),while COP15 was split into two,with the first part held in Kunming in October 2021,and the second part scheduled for Montreal in December 2022.This meeting in Montreal-arguably the most important in the CBDs history-must agree on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF),to reverse biodiversity loss.Failure to reach agreement in Montreal would ultimately be a failure of us all,with irreversible consequences for life on earth.Yet,with three months before the final deadline only 20%of text and two targets are agreed.This paper reviews the factors hindering progress on the agreement and suggests possible solutions.展开更多
Nature provides significant benefits to people,especially those living in and around protected areas.Ecosystem services from protected areas include producing wild food,supporting biodiversity and water cycles,regulat...Nature provides significant benefits to people,especially those living in and around protected areas.Ecosystem services from protected areas include producing wild food,supporting biodiversity and water cycles,regulating climate,and providing cultural services like better health,tourism,and legacy for future generations.In economic terms,the flows of ecosystem services provided by protected areas are worth hundreds of billions of dollars each year,well justifying the costs of managing these sites,but protected areas are suffering from environmental problems such as impacts from human population growth,rural poverty,growing demands for natural resources,land use change that degrades ecosystem productivity,invasive non-native species that harm natural ecosystems,and climate change that is affecting all ecosystems.Addressing these linked challenges will require mobilizing all parts of the economy,including the protected area estate.For example,protected areas can take a leadership role in rural development,expand the conservation estate to half of the planet through connectivity and improved management of more of the non-agricultural land,enhance the prominent role of protected areas in contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation,encourage productive research on applying modern technology to protected areas management,seek broader private sector participation in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services,and include protected areas as relevant parties in relevant trade and other international negotiations.When protected area managers embrace this broader role,they will find enthusiastic public support for this contribution to a sustainable human society.展开更多
文摘Despite the massive efforts that have been made to conserve plant diversity across the world during the past few decades, it is becoming increasingly evident that our current strategies are not sufficiently effective to prevent the continuing decline in biodiversity. As a recent report by the CBD indicates,current progress and commitments are insufficient to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by 2020.Threatened species lists continue to grow while the world's governments fail to meet biodiversity conservation goals. Clearly, we are failing in our attempts to conserve biodiversity on a sufficient scale.The reasons for this situation are complex, including scientific, technical, sociological, economic and political factors. The conservation community is divided about how to respond. Some believe that saving all existing biodiversity is still an achievable goal. On the other hand, there are those who believe that we need to accept that biodiversity will inevitably continue to be lost, despite all our conservation actions and that we must focus on what to save, why and where. It has also been suggested that we need a new approach to conservation in the face of the challenges posed by the Anthropocene biosphere which we now inhabit. Whatever view one holds on the above issues, it is dear that we need to review the effectiveness of our current conservation strategies, identify the limiting factors that are preventing the Aichi goals being met and at the same time take whatever steps are necessary to make our conservation protocols more explicit, operational and efficient so as to achieve the maximum conservation effect. This paper addresses the key issues that underlie our failure to meet agreed targets and discusses the necessary changes to our conservation approaches. While we can justifiably be proud of our many achievements and successes in plant conservation in the past 30 years, which have helped slow the rate of loss, unless we devise a more coherent, consistent and integrated global strategy in which both the effectiveness and limitations of our current policies, action plans and procedures are recognized, and reflect this in national strategies, and then embark on a much bolder and ambitious set of actions,progress will be limited and plant diversity will continue to decline.
基金This research was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number XDA19050404)China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development(CCICED)。
文摘Global biodiversity is in crisis as a result of human activity.This biodiversity crisis has been well documented by scientists,recognized by world leaders,politicians,businesses,and citizens.Both the biodiversity and climate crises need to be addressed now.2020 was when this change was supposed to start,with the 15th Conference of Parties(COP15)of the Convention on Biodiversity(CBD)meeting in Kunming,and the 26th Conference of Parties(COP26)of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Glasgow,but both meetings were postponed.COP26 was held a year late(November 2021),while COP15 was split into two,with the first part held in Kunming in October 2021,and the second part scheduled for Montreal in December 2022.This meeting in Montreal-arguably the most important in the CBDs history-must agree on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF),to reverse biodiversity loss.Failure to reach agreement in Montreal would ultimately be a failure of us all,with irreversible consequences for life on earth.Yet,with three months before the final deadline only 20%of text and two targets are agreed.This paper reviews the factors hindering progress on the agreement and suggests possible solutions.
文摘Nature provides significant benefits to people,especially those living in and around protected areas.Ecosystem services from protected areas include producing wild food,supporting biodiversity and water cycles,regulating climate,and providing cultural services like better health,tourism,and legacy for future generations.In economic terms,the flows of ecosystem services provided by protected areas are worth hundreds of billions of dollars each year,well justifying the costs of managing these sites,but protected areas are suffering from environmental problems such as impacts from human population growth,rural poverty,growing demands for natural resources,land use change that degrades ecosystem productivity,invasive non-native species that harm natural ecosystems,and climate change that is affecting all ecosystems.Addressing these linked challenges will require mobilizing all parts of the economy,including the protected area estate.For example,protected areas can take a leadership role in rural development,expand the conservation estate to half of the planet through connectivity and improved management of more of the non-agricultural land,enhance the prominent role of protected areas in contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation,encourage productive research on applying modern technology to protected areas management,seek broader private sector participation in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services,and include protected areas as relevant parties in relevant trade and other international negotiations.When protected area managers embrace this broader role,they will find enthusiastic public support for this contribution to a sustainable human society.
