Megacity pathways in China under the dual carbon goal:The case of Shanghai

The pathways to achieving carbon neutrality at the city level are diverse due to varying energy supply and demand conditions.Shanghai faces obstacles such as limited land resources,high costs of renewable energy technologies,and instability of renewable energy.These challenges hinder the city’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon).Therefore,Shanghai must identify and optimize its development path for renewable energy under the dual carbon goal.We employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform Shanghai(LEAP-SH)model to simulate the impact of policies,such as industrial upgrading,energy efficiency improvement,energy structure optimization,increased technical innovation on energy,and ecological restoration,on the carbon emission pathways from 2022 to 2060 using five different scenarios.Our results indicate that Shanghai has the potential to achieve carbon neutrality in 2059 by promoting carbon reduction,pollution control,and green expansion.Moreover,we determined that the manufacturing industry;power generation industry;and transportation,storage,and mail services are the three major sectors for emission reduction under the dual carbon goal.Furthermore,the capacity and output of coal-fired power plants will be gradually replaced by offshore wind power in the dual carbon pathway.Finally,this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for Shanghai to attain the dual carbon goal and high-quality development.

Fiscal and Tax Policy Research on Promoting Energy Transition in China under the"Dual Carbon"Goal

The"Dual Carbon"Goal is one of the critical strategic tasks in China's new stage of development,and fiscal and tax policies play an essential role in promoting the"dual carbon target"process.Currently,China's fiscal and taxation policies to encourage the realization of the"dual carbon"target are faced with problems such as the lack of budgetary and tax regulation means and the lack of investment in the energy conservation industry.Throughout the mature experience of Britain,the United States,Japan,and other countries,although different,they all chose to levy carbon tax and tax incentives as the path to promote energy transformation.To further encourage energy conversion,China can choose to establish a carbon tax mechanism and promote and improve low-carbon preferential policies and other diversified fiscal and tax policies.

Identifying influencing factors and characterizing key issues in urban sustainable development capacity through machine learning

In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of China’s Innovation Demonstration Zones for Sustainable Development Agenda(IDZSDAs),combines carbon emission-related metrics to construct a comprehensive assessment system for Urban Sustainable Development Capacity(USDC).After obtaining USDC assessment results through the assessment system,an approach combining Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Random Forest(RF)based on machine learning is proposed for identifying influencing factors and characterizing key issues.Combining Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)analysis,the study further summarizes the systemic patterns and future directions of urban sustainable development.A case study on the IDZSDAs from 2015 to 2022 reveals that:(1)the combined identification method based on machine learning and CCD models effectively quantifies influencing factors and key issues in the urban sustainable development process;(2)the correspondence between influencing factors and key subsystems identified by the LASSO-RF combination model is generally consistent with the development situations in various cities;and(3)the machine learning-based combined recognition method is scalable and dynamic.It enables decision-makers to accurately identify influencing factors and characterize key issues based on actual urban development needs.

A Brief Introduction to Infrastructure Planning for Next-Generation Smart Computing Data Centers

Globally,digital technology and the digital economy have propelled technological revolution and industrial change,and it has become one of the main grounds of international industrial competition.It was estimated that the scale of China’s digital economy would reach 50 trillion yuan in 2022,accounting for more than 40%of GDP,presenting great market potential and room for the growth of the digital economy.With the rapid development of the digital economy,the state attaches great importance to the construction of digital infrastructure and has introduced a series of policies to promote the systematic development and large-scale deployment of digital infrastructure.In 2022 the Chinese government planned to build 8 arithmetic hubs and 10 national data center clusters nationwide.To proactively address the future demand for AI across various scenarios,there is a need for a well-structured computing power infrastructure.The data center,serving as the pivotal hub for computing power,has evolved from the conventional cloud center to a more intelligent computing center,allowing for a diversified convergence of computing power supply.Besides,the data center accommodates a diverse array of arithmetic business forms from customers,reflecting the multi-industry developmental trend.The arithmetic service platform is consistently broadening its scope,with ongoing optimization and innovation in the design scheme of machine room processes.The widespread application of submerged phase-change liquid cooling technology and cold plate cooling technology introduces a series of new challenges to the construction of digital infrastructure.This paper delves into the design objectives,industry considerations,layout,and other dimensions of a smart computing center and proposes a new-generation data center solution that is“flexible,resilient,green,and low-carbon.”

Study on Medium-and Long-Term Fiscal Policies to Cope with Climate Change under the"Dual Carbon"Goals

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality constitute an extensive,profound and systemic economic and social change.It is worthwhile to explore how fiscal policy,as a key institutional arrangement in the public policy system to cope with climate change,can play a fundamental and pillar role.Based on literatures,theories and empirical materials,this paper systematically explores the relationship between climate change and public finance.The fiscal impact of climate change will eventually be reflected in fiscal behavior,fiscal costs and fiscal relations,and the fiscal system has the adaptability of an"automatic stabilizer"and the proactiveness to enable the Discretionary Approaches function when facing climate change impacts.This implies such a governance logic of fiscal policy that is systematic,forward-looking and flexible in addressing climate change.In the future,it is necessary to further incorporate climate change or related environmental factors into the fiscal policy framework,target the two key aspects of mitigation and adaptation,and carry out a holistic,systematic and forward-looking reform of the existing fiscal expenditure policy,fiscal revenue policy,fiscal investment and financing policy,government budget system,government procurement policy and ecological compensation policy.While highlighting the"governance"function of fiscal policy in addressing climate change,Chinese government needs to strengthen the coordination and collaboration between fiscal policy tools and other public policies,and magnify the governance effectiveness of fiscal policy in the process of addressing climate change.This paper helps understand the positioning,role and influence of fiscal policy in the process of addressing climate change,provides a basis for better playing the fundamental and underpinning role of the modern fiscal system in the governance of ecological civilization,and presents an analytical framework for building a theoretical system of ecological fiscal governance.