Aspirations on the Bright Side of Humanity: It is Time to Translate Aspirations Into Actions With Establishing the Government of Earth

The thesis of this paper is that the digital noosphere of the World Wide Web and its users,the borderless move of virtually all resources of the planet,and the consequent globalization of most aspects of national politics,economy,and culture,along with the increasing difficulty of controlling the related high-tech military conflicts,human-made environmental crises,and the abnormal migrations of abused people now make it inevitable to leave behind the competitive international chaos rooted in humankind’s animal past and turn to the cooperative social spirit recommended by Aristotle,Lao Tzu,Jesus,Dante,H.G.Wells,Martin Luther King Jr.,John Lennon,Nicholas Hagger,and others to finally translate their aspirations into actions via establishing the Government of Earth for the decent and free.The paper presents a five-step,15-year,~$25B plan to start this process.That this plan has nothing to do with the Godless work of secret societies,the authoritarian urges of renewed fascism or the political absurdities of Marxism-Leninism it is relayed by the envisioned Intercontinental Education System of the outlined Government of Earth to teach every child on the planet-via a new community of digitally linked extraordinary teachers-for the beauty of lifelong learning,tolerance,duty,honor,free cooperation,and artful communication for divine missions.

Note on:“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”

A recently published modeling approach for the penetration into adobe and previous approaches implicitly criticized are reviewed and discussed.This article contains a note on the paper titled“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”(DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2018.07.017).Reply to the Note from Li Piani et al is linked to this article.

Ecological environmental quality evaluation and driving factor analysis of the Lijiang River Basin,based on Google Earth Engine

For regional ecological management,it is important to evaluate the quality of ecosystems and analyze the underlying causes of ecological changes.Using the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform,the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)was calculated for the Lijiang River Basin in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for 1991,2001,2011,and 2021.Spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to investigate spatiotemporal variations in the ecological environmental quality of the Lijiang River Basin.Furthermore,geographic detectors were used to quantitatively analyze influencing factors and their interaction effects on ecological environmental quality.The results verified that:1)From 1991 to 2021,the ecological environmental quality of the Lijiang River Basin demonstrated significant improvement.The area with good and excellent ecological environmental quality in proportion increased by 19.69%(3406.57 km^(2)),while the area with fair and poor ecological environmental quality in proportion decreased by 10.76%(1860.36 km^(2)).2)Spatially,the ecological environmental quality of the Lijiang River Basin exhibited a pattern of low quality in the central region and high quality in the periphery.Specifically,poor ecological environmental quality characterized the Guilin urban area,Pingle County,and Lingchuan County.3)From 1991 to 2021,a significant positive spatial correlation was observed in ecological environmental quality of the Lijiang River Basin.Areas with high-high agglomeration were predominantly forests and grasslands,indicating good ecological environmental quality,whereas areas with low-low agglomeration were dominated by cultivated land and construction land,indicating poor ecological environmental quality.4)Annual average precipitation and temperature exerted the most significant influence on the ecological environmental quality of the basin,and their interactions with other factors had the great influence.This study aimed to enhance understanding of the evolution of the ecological environment in the Lijiang River Basin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and provide scientific guidance for decision-making and management related to ecology in the region.

Explaining the dynamics of the sub-relativistic electron third belt in the Earth's radiation belts by using medium Earth orbit satellite observations

The Earth's electron radiation belts typically exhibit a two-belt structure.However,observations from the Van Allen Probes revealed the existence of a three-belt structure.This structure consists of an inner belt,a slot region,a remnant belt,a“second slot,”and a new outer belt(or the“third belt”).The formation of the structure involves both the partial loss of the original outer belts and the formation of the third belts.These processes are likely associated with radial diffusion induced by ultra-low-frequency(ULF)waves.In this study,we mainly analyzed electron flux data from medium Earth orbit(MEO)navigation satellites M17–M19 to supplement the observational evidence for the sub-relativistic electron(~100–500 keV)three-belt structure.Evidence of substorm injections and ULF waves during the three-belt event was identified,suggesting they played significant roles in the formation and evolution of the third belt.Substorm injections may introduce new electron populations to the third belt,whereas ULF waves may influence the evolution of the third belt through radial diffusion.Toward the end of the three-belt event,the compression of the magnetosphere by shocks may lead to the dropout of the third belt because of the magnetopause shadowing effect and outward radial diffusion,ultimately disrupting the three-belt structure.This study provides more evidence for the presence of a sub-relativistic electron three-belt structure and offers an analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms of the third belt,which may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the electron three-belt structure in the radiation belts.

Effect and Mechanism of Rare Earth Hydrotalcite Inhibiting Coal Spontaneous Combustion

A hydrotalcite(layered double hydroxide, LDH) inhibitor which is suitable for the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion and a LDH inhibitor containing rare earth lanthanum elements were prepared. The inhibition effect and mechanism were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermal performance analysis, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed experiment. The results have shown that the inhibitor containing lanthanum can play a good inhibitory role in every stage of coal oxidation. During the slow oxidation of coal samples, the inhibitor containing lanthanum ions can slow down the oxidation process of coal and increase the initial temperature of coal spontaneous combustion. At the same time, because the hydroxyl groups in LDHs are connected with-COO-groups on the coal surface through hydrogen bonds, the stability of coal is improved. With the increase of temperature, LDHs can remove interlayer water molecules and reduce the surface temperature of coal. CO release rate of coal samples decreases significantly after adding inhibitor containing lanthanum element, and the maximum inhibition rate of the inhibitor is 58.1%.

Quantitative Analysis of Seeing with Height and Time at Muztagh-Ata Site Based on ERA5 Database

Seeing is an important index to evaluate the quality of an astronomical site.To estimate seeing at the Muztagh-Ata site with height and time quantitatively,the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis database(ERA5)is used.Seeing calculated from ERA5 is compared consistently with the Differential Image Motion Monitor seeing at the height of 12 m.Results show that seeing decays exponentially with height at the Muztagh-Ata site.Seeing decays the fastest in fall in 2021 and most slowly with height in summer.The seeing condition is better in fall than in summer.The median value of seeing at 12 m is 0.89 arcsec,the maximum value is1.21 arcsec in August and the minimum is 0.66 arcsec in October.The median value of seeing at 12 m is 0.72arcsec in the nighttime and 1.08 arcsec in the daytime.Seeing is a combination of annual and about biannual variations with the same phase as temperature and wind speed indicating that seeing variation with time is influenced by temperature and wind speed.The Richardson number Ri is used to analyze the atmospheric stability and the variations of seeing are consistent with Ri between layers.These quantitative results can provide an important reference for a telescopic observation strategy.

A Parallel Discrete Event Simulation Engine for the Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Constellation Networks

Low-Earth-Orbit satellite constellation networks(LEO-SCN)can provide low-cost,largescale,flexible coverage wireless communication services.High dynamics and large topological sizes characterize LEO-SCN.Protocol development and application testing of LEO-SCN are challenging to carry out in a natural environment.Simulation platforms are a more effective means of technology demonstration.Currently available simulators have a single function and limited simulation scale.There needs to be a simulator for full-featured simulation.In this paper,we apply the parallel discrete-event simulation technique to the simulation of LEO-SCN to support large-scale complex system simulation at the packet level.To solve the problem that single-process programs cannot cope with complex simulations containing numerous entities,we propose a parallel mechanism and algorithms LP-NM and LP-YAWNS for synchronization.In the experiment,we use ns-3 to verify the acceleration ratio and efficiency of the above algorithms.The results show that our proposed mechanism can provide parallel simulation engine support for the LEO-SCN.

Association between Exposure of Rare Earth Elements and Outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer in Beijing

Objective The study aimed to investigate the impact of rare earth elements(REEs)exposure on pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)by analyzing samples from spouses.Methods A total of 141 couples were included.Blood and follicular fluid from the wives and semen plasma from the husbands,were analyzed for REEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Spearman's correlation coefficients and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess correlations and compare REE concentrations among three types of samples,respectively.Logistic models were utilized to estimate the individual REE effect on IVF-ET outcomes,while BKMR and WQS models explored the mixture of REE interaction effects on IVF-ET outcomes.Results Higher La concentration in semen(median 0.089 ng/mL,P=0.03)was associated with a lower fertilization rate.However,this effect was not observed after artificial selection intervention through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)(P=0.27).In semen,the REEs mixture did not exhibit any significant association with clinical pregnancy.Conclusion Our study revealed a potential association between high La exposure in semen and a decline in fertilization rate,but not clinical pregnancy rate.This is the first to report REEs concentrations in follicular fluid with La,Ce,Pr,and Nd found at significantly lower concentrations than in serum,suggesting that these four REEs may not accumulate in the female reproductive system.However,at the current exposure levels,mixed REEs exposure did not exhibit reproductive toxicity.

Reshaping the concept of bonded magnets——recent progress in the industrialization of anisotropic rare earth-ferro nitrides(SmFeN,NdFeN)

The chemical formula for rare earth-ferro nitrides is R_(x)Fe_(y)N_(z),where R represents a rare earth element.Anisotropic rare earth-ferro nitrides include two types of materials with different chemical compositions and crystal structures:(1) Nd(Fe,M)_(12)N_(x) or Pr(Fe,M)_(12)N_(x),where M=Ti,V,Mo,etc.,having a ThMn_(12)-type tetragonal crystal structure,commonly referred to as Neodymium-Ferro-Nitrogen (NdFeN);(2) Sm_(2)Fe_(17)N_(x), having a Th_(2)Zn_(17)-type rhombohedral crystal structure,abbreviated as Samarium-Ferro-Nitrogen (SmFeN).The academic community refers to these two types of materials collectively as rare earth-ferro nitrides.

The Concept of the Soul of Multiverse as a Genuine Supporter of Wildlife and Biodiversity on Earth

This work used the cosmological neuroscientific concept of Soul of Multiverse for placing the problem of wildlife and biodiversity protection into a new philosophical environment where religious,scientific and philosophical approaches are in harmony.It resulted in the thought that the obligation of protecting wildlife and biodiversity on Earth,just as the sanctity of caring for all human lives,originated in cosmic laws set in the divine blueprints of the Soul of Multiverse.These laws seem to relay that in the 21st century the time has come on Earth to stop killing animals for food,to stop overhunting and overfishing,to stop industrial activities responsible for deforestation,desertification,air pollution and climate change,and to run animal experiments for science and medicine only in the extremely limited,most justified cases and only until new technologies make them no longer necessary.The conclusion was that to achieve these goals,new global governing mechanisms are needed.Specifically,the establishment of a Government of Earth,the next step of the political process that started with the United Nations in the first place,may be necessary to solve the global problems of wildlife and biodiversity protection since meaningful solutions for global problems require global governing mechanisms.

Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer properties of rare earth complexes with Schiff base and o-phenanthroline

Five novel ternary complexes of the rare earth ions with o-phenanthroline（Phen） and Schiff base salicylaldehyde L-phenyla- lanine（KHL） were synthesized in ethanol. Their compositions were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, ^1H NMR, FT-IR, and Raman spectra. The formulas of the complexes were verified to be RE（L）（Phen）Cl（H2O） （RE=La^3＋, Ce^3＋, Nd^3＋, Er^3＋, and Gd^3＋; L=Schiff base salicylaldehyde L-phenylalanine; phen=o-phenanthroline）. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） colorimetry and flow cytometry were used to test the anticancer effect of the complexes with K562 tumor cell. The research showed that the complexes could inhibit K562 tumor cell＇s growth, generation, and induce apoptosis. The inhibition ratio was accelerated by increasing the dosage, and it had significant positive correlation with the medication dosage.

Synthesis,Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Rare Earth (Ce^(3+) ,Pr^(3+) ,Nd^(3+) ,Sm^(3+) ,Er^(3+) ) Complexes with L-Aspartic Acid and o-Phenanthroline

Five novel ternary complexes of rare earth ions with L-Aspartic acid (Asp) and o-phenanthroline (Phen) were synthesized in ethanol aqueous solution. Their compositions were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, Raman, UV-VIS and TG-DTA. The compositions of the complexes were confirmed to be: RE( Asp)3PhenCl3·3H2O (RE: Ce3+ , Pr3+ , Nd3+ , Sm3+ , Er3+ ). The antibacterial activity test shows that all these complexes exhibit excellent antibacterial ability against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial spectrum of the complexes are broad.

Correlation analysis on partition of rare earth in ion-exchangeable phase from weathered crust ores

The rare earth(RE)in weathered crust ores mainly exists as ion-exchangeable phase,approximately 80%.The correlation analysis on partition of 376 samples in ion-exchangeable phase from weathered crust ores was conducted.The results show that partition both among heavy RE elements and light RE elements with high partition appears positive correlation,but partition sums between the heavy RE elements and the light RE elements appear close negative correlation obviously.Clear negative correlations exist between the light RE elements(except Ce)and yttrium(Y).Matrix of correlation analysis on this partition can be divided into three zones.The correlated coefficient variation from negative to positive in zones B and C occurs at Gd,so does that in zones B and A(except Ce,Eu,and Sm),suggesting that RE elements can be divided into two groups with Gd as border.This phenomenon is called Gadolinium-broken effect.

Effects of Earth's curvature and radial heterogeneity in dislocation studies:Case studies of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2004 Sumatra earthquake

Recently, effects of Earth＇s curvature and radial heterogeneity on coseismic deformations are often investi- gated based on the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. However, such effects are strongly related to earthquake types. As a low dip angle event, the 2004 Sumatra earthquake is not a good seismic case for such a topic since the effects for moderate dip angle events are much bigger. In this study, the half-space and spherical dislocation theories are used, respectively, to calculate co- seismic displacements caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. Effects of Earth＇s curva- ture and stratification are investigated through the discrepancies of results calculated using the two dislocation theories. Re- sults show that the effects of Earth＇s curvature and stratification for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are much larger than those for the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. Ignoring the effects will cause errors up to 100%-200% in far field displacements for a moderate dip angle event like the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Such great effects are much bigger than those conclusions of previous studies. Besides, comparison with observations verifies that spherical dislocation theories yield better results than half-space ones in far fields.

Effect of Roasting Conditions of Rich Cerium Rare Earth Carbonate on Crystallite Morphology and Polishing Ability of Ceria-Based Rare Earth Oxide

The granule shape and crystal structure of the the ceria-based rare earth oxide which were roasted at 600～1050 ℃ for 2～6 h and then cooled in furnace, cooled out of furnace or cooled in water were studied by means of XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the rich cerium rare earth carbonate could be changed into the rare earth oxide which was a kind of sandwich made of globose granule whose diameter was between 0.5～3.0 μm after being roasted in 900 ℃ for 2 h. This kind of crystal lattice in rare earth oxide belonged to face-centered cubic lattice and its space between crystal surface {111} and {200} (viz. L111 and L200) would enlarge as the roasting temperature increasing. With increasing roasting temperature, L111 would rise straightly upward, and L200 would rise straightly upward when roasting time was 2～4 h but changed little when roasting time was 4～6 h. The glass-polishing experiments found that the polishing ability of the ceria-based rare earth oxide was the best as L111 was 43～53 nm and the L200 was 43～56 nm.

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Kinetic Mechanisms of Thermal Decomposition of Rare Earth Complexes with Schiff Base Derived from o-Vanillin and p-Toluidine

Three complexes, [Pr（NO3）3（HL）2] （1）, [Nd（NO3）3（HL）2] （2） and [Er（NO3）3（HL）2] ·0.5H2O （3）, were synthesized from the reaction of a Schiff base ligand 2-[ （4-methylphenylimino）methyl ]-6-methoxyphenol （C15 H15 NO2, HL） with Ln（NO3）3·6H2O （Ln = Pr, Nd, Er）. Characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique, elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, UV-Vis, ^1H NMR and thermal analysis shows the title complexes are neutral molecules where the central Ln（ Ⅲ） ion is ten-coordinated in biapical anti-hexahedron prism geometry, with four oxygen atoms of the phenolic hydroxy and methoxy groups in the two bidentate Schiff base ligands and six oxygen atoms provided by the three bidentate NO3 - anions. Additionally, the kinetic mechanism of thermal decomposition of complex 3 was determined with a TG-DTG curves by both integral and differential methods. The functions of thermal decomposition reaction mechanism and the equation of kinetic compensation effect were obtained.

Effects of 4f Electron Characteristics and Alternation Valence of Rare Earths on Photosynthesis: Regulating Distribution of Energy and Activities of Spinach Chloroplast

Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with taCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3. Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, energy transfer from LHC Ⅱ to PS Ⅱ, excitation energy distribution from PS Ⅰ to PS Ⅱ, and fluorescence quantum yield around 680 nm. Compared with Ce treatment, Nd treatment resulted in relatively lower enhancement in these physiological indices, as Nd did not have alternation valence. La treatment presented the lowest enhancement, as La did not have either 4f electron or alternation valence. The increase in activities of whole chain electron transport, PS ⅡDCPIP photoreduction, and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts was of the following order： Ce〉Nd 〉La〉 control. However, the photoreduction activities of spinach PS I almost did not change with La, Ce, or Nd treatments. The results suggested that 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence of rare earths had a close relationship with photosynthesis improvement.

Effects of Rare Earth Oxides on Viscosity,Thermal Expansion,and Structure of Alkali-Free Boro-Aluminosilicate Glass

Effects of rare earth oxides（Y2O3,La2O3,and Er2O3） on the viscosity,thermal expansion,and structure of alkali-free boro-aluminosilicate glasses were investigated by the rotating crucible viscometer,dilatometry and FT-IR absorption spectra.The results showed that the melting temperature of alkali-free boroaluminosilicate glasses decreased from 1 697.55 to 1 662.59,1 674.37 and 1 640.87 ℃ with the introduction of 1 mol%La2O3,Y2O3 and Er2O3,respectively.However,the glass transition temperature Tg,dilatometric softening temperature T_d and coefficient of thermal expansion of alkali-free boro-aluminosilicate glasses increased when adding the rare-earth oxides.At high temperatures,incorporating rare earth oxides into glass resulted in the peak at about 1 085 cm^-1 towards lower wavenumber and the absorption band in the region of 850-1 260 cm^-1 broader,which indicated that rare earths acted as network modifiers and increased the numbers of non-bridging oxygen in the glass melts.However,the rare earths had an opposite effect and accumulated the glass structure at low temperatures near Tg.

On Mechanism of The Effect of Rare Earth on Wearability of Nickel Base Self-Fluxing Alloy Spray-Welding Layers

The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.

Comparison of Economical and Technical Indices on Rare Earth Separation Processes of Bastnasite by Solvent Extraction

According to the composition of rare earth ores and the market, several feasible separation processes of bastnasite in Baotou of Inner Mongolia and Mianning of Sichuan by solvent extraction in HEH(EHP) HCl system were presented. The parameters of the processes such as stage numbers, volume of mixer settler, fixed investment of extractant and rare earths, consumption of chemical reagents including HCl and NH 3 were calculated and compared. The results show that the novel scheme can save cost more than 20% compared with those of others. By the economical analysis, the optimized separation process of bastnasite was obtained, which can be applied to the treatment of monazite too.