Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been applied for the analyses of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and malic (ME) isoenzymes in Arabian camel for racing and production. Two fraction...Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been applied for the analyses of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and malic (ME) isoenzymes in Arabian camel for racing and production. Two fractions for each of these isoenzymes have been recorded in the studied breeds. ALP showed very weak patterns without remarkable difference between the two breeds and this is an indication to that the samples used were healthy and being from the same age. The cytosolic Mdh-1 and ME-1 have been recorded in both camel breeds with high intensity. The mitochondrial Mdh-2 and ME-2 have been recorded with small intensity in production breeds commonly. The present data indicate the necessity of the mitochondrialMdh-2 for energy production in racing breed and the responsibility of the cytosolic Mdh-1 for lipogenesis and energy production in both breeds. We therefore may assume that the appearance of both Mdh forms is necessary for both energy and lipid production in the production breeds while Mdh-1 was useful as bioenergetic enzyme necessary for racing. The different expressions are indications of the difference in the physiological adaptations of both camel breeds and are not for a systematic value.展开更多
Generation of neurons in the brains of adult birds has been studied extensively in the telencephalon of song birds and few studies are reported on the distribution of PCNA and DCX in the telencephalon of adult non-son...Generation of neurons in the brains of adult birds has been studied extensively in the telencephalon of song birds and few studies are reported on the distribution of PCNA and DCX in the telencephalon of adult non-song learning birds.We report here on adult neurogenesis throughout the brains of two breeds of adult domestic pigeons（Columba livia domestica）,the racing homer and utility carneau using endogenous immunohistochemical markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）for proliferating cells and doublecortin（DCX）for immature and migrating neurons.The distribution of PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was very similar in both pigeon breeds with only a few minor differences.In both pigeons,PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was observed in the olfactory bulbs,walls of the lateral ventricle,telencephalic subdivisions of the pallium and subpallium,diencephalon,mesencephalon and cerebellum.Generally,the olfactory bulbs and telencephalon had more PCNA and DCX cells than other regions.Two proliferative hotspots were evident in the dorsal and ventral poles of the lateral ventricles.PCNA-and DCX-immunoreactive cells migrated radially from the walls of the lateral ventricle into the parenchyma.In most telencephalic regions,the density of PCNA-and DCX-immunoreactive cells increased from rostral to caudal,except in the mesopallium where the density decreased from rostral to middle levels and then increased caudally.DCX immunoreactivity was more intense in fibres than in cell bodies and DCX-immunoreactive cells included small granular cells,fusiform bipolar cells,large round and or polygonal multipolar cells.The similarity in the distribution of proliferating cells and new neurons in the telencephalon of the two breeds of pigeons may suggest that adult neurogenesis is a conserved trait as an ecological adaptation irrespective of body size.展开更多
Purpose:The study aimed to investigate the role of training load characteristics and injury and illness risk in youth ski racing.Methods:The training load characteristics as well as traumatic injuries,overuse injuries...Purpose:The study aimed to investigate the role of training load characteristics and injury and illness risk in youth ski racing.Methods:The training load characteristics as well as traumatic injuries,overuse injuries,and illnesses of 91 elite youth ski racers(age=12.1±1.3 years,mean±SD)were prospectively recorded over a period of 1 season by using a sport-specific online database.Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to monitor the influence of training load on injuries and illnesses.Differences in mean training load characteristics between preseason,in-season,and post-season were calculated using multivariate analyses of variance.Results:Differences were discovered in the number of weekly training sessions(p=0.005)between pre-season(4.97±1.57)and post-season(3.24±0.71),in the mean training volume(p=0.022)between in-season(865.8±197.8 min)and post-season(497.0±225.5 min)and in the mean weekly training intensity(Index)(p=0.012)between in-season(11.7±1.8)and post-season(8.9±1.7).A total of 185 medical problems were reported(41 traumatic injuries,12 overuse injuries,and 132 illnesses).The weekly training volume and training intensity was not a significant risk factor for injuries(p>0.05).Training intensity was found to be a significant risk factor for illnesses in the same week(β=0.348;p=0.044;R^(2)=0.121)and training volume represents a risk factor for illnesses in the following week(β=0.397;p=0.027;R^(2)=0.157).Conclusion:A higher training intensity and volume were associated with increased illnesses,but not with a higher risk of injury.Monitoring training and ensuring appropriate progression of training load between weeks may decrease incidents of illness in-season.展开更多
THE Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival which originated from the worship of celestial phenomena, and evolved from Dragon totem sacrifice in the remote ages. The festival falls on the fifth day of t...THE Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival which originated from the worship of celestial phenomena, and evolved from Dragon totem sacrifice in the remote ages. The festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month (June 7 on the solar calendar 2019). To celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival, people pray for blessings and protection against calamities with vibrant and colorful festivities. The Dragon Boat Festival began to be observed around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago.展开更多
The automotive seat market is positioned to significantly grow over the next five years. Research into how sensor implementation in every day driver cars can enhance driver wellness is becoming increasingly popular an...The automotive seat market is positioned to significantly grow over the next five years. Research into how sensor implementation in every day driver cars can enhance driver wellness is becoming increasingly popular and visible in the automotive seat industry. However, in the competitive race car industry,?drivers prioritize driving ability over wellness. To further examine this phenomenon, the Human-Machine Interaction?Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology took a unique approach to developing strong use cases for implementing sensor technology to improve driving ability for race car drivers by combining qualitative and quantitative research data obtained through modern design research and planning methodology. Following a process relying heavily on user-centered design methods, the authors developed a business case concept?for?a sensor-based seat accessory that acts as a competitive racer’s?driving coach?that is able to identify the mechanics of braking, turning, and accelerating through pressure sensors in the driver’s seat pan surface. This technology allows drivers to precisely understand when and how hard to brake, turn, or accelerate out of turns, thus reducing heat times and financial burden for drivers.展开更多
ZHEJIANG Province in southeast China borders the East China Sea to its east, Fujian Province to its south, Anhui and Jiangxi Province to its west, and Jiangsu Province and Shanghai to its north. Its 101,800-sq-km land...ZHEJIANG Province in southeast China borders the East China Sea to its east, Fujian Province to its south, Anhui and Jiangxi Province to its west, and Jiangsu Province and Shanghai to its north. Its 101,800-sq-km land area is home to 44.22 million people. Zhejiang has a coastline measuring 6,486 kilometers, the longest in China. Across its vast sea area are scattered over 3,000 islands of a total area of 1,670 square kilometers.展开更多
文摘Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been applied for the analyses of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and malic (ME) isoenzymes in Arabian camel for racing and production. Two fractions for each of these isoenzymes have been recorded in the studied breeds. ALP showed very weak patterns without remarkable difference between the two breeds and this is an indication to that the samples used were healthy and being from the same age. The cytosolic Mdh-1 and ME-1 have been recorded in both camel breeds with high intensity. The mitochondrial Mdh-2 and ME-2 have been recorded with small intensity in production breeds commonly. The present data indicate the necessity of the mitochondrialMdh-2 for energy production in racing breed and the responsibility of the cytosolic Mdh-1 for lipogenesis and energy production in both breeds. We therefore may assume that the appearance of both Mdh forms is necessary for both energy and lipid production in the production breeds while Mdh-1 was useful as bioenergetic enzyme necessary for racing. The different expressions are indications of the difference in the physiological adaptations of both camel breeds and are not for a systematic value.
基金supported by a grant from the South African National Research Foundation(NRF),No.CSUR13082730945(to AOI)
文摘Generation of neurons in the brains of adult birds has been studied extensively in the telencephalon of song birds and few studies are reported on the distribution of PCNA and DCX in the telencephalon of adult non-song learning birds.We report here on adult neurogenesis throughout the brains of two breeds of adult domestic pigeons（Columba livia domestica）,the racing homer and utility carneau using endogenous immunohistochemical markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）for proliferating cells and doublecortin（DCX）for immature and migrating neurons.The distribution of PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was very similar in both pigeon breeds with only a few minor differences.In both pigeons,PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was observed in the olfactory bulbs,walls of the lateral ventricle,telencephalic subdivisions of the pallium and subpallium,diencephalon,mesencephalon and cerebellum.Generally,the olfactory bulbs and telencephalon had more PCNA and DCX cells than other regions.Two proliferative hotspots were evident in the dorsal and ventral poles of the lateral ventricles.PCNA-and DCX-immunoreactive cells migrated radially from the walls of the lateral ventricle into the parenchyma.In most telencephalic regions,the density of PCNA-and DCX-immunoreactive cells increased from rostral to caudal,except in the mesopallium where the density decreased from rostral to middle levels and then increased caudally.DCX immunoreactivity was more intense in fibres than in cell bodies and DCX-immunoreactive cells included small granular cells,fusiform bipolar cells,large round and or polygonal multipolar cells.The similarity in the distribution of proliferating cells and new neurons in the telencephalon of the two breeds of pigeons may suggest that adult neurogenesis is a conserved trait as an ecological adaptation irrespective of body size.
文摘Purpose:The study aimed to investigate the role of training load characteristics and injury and illness risk in youth ski racing.Methods:The training load characteristics as well as traumatic injuries,overuse injuries,and illnesses of 91 elite youth ski racers(age=12.1±1.3 years,mean±SD)were prospectively recorded over a period of 1 season by using a sport-specific online database.Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to monitor the influence of training load on injuries and illnesses.Differences in mean training load characteristics between preseason,in-season,and post-season were calculated using multivariate analyses of variance.Results:Differences were discovered in the number of weekly training sessions(p=0.005)between pre-season(4.97±1.57)and post-season(3.24±0.71),in the mean training volume(p=0.022)between in-season(865.8±197.8 min)and post-season(497.0±225.5 min)and in the mean weekly training intensity(Index)(p=0.012)between in-season(11.7±1.8)and post-season(8.9±1.7).A total of 185 medical problems were reported(41 traumatic injuries,12 overuse injuries,and 132 illnesses).The weekly training volume and training intensity was not a significant risk factor for injuries(p>0.05).Training intensity was found to be a significant risk factor for illnesses in the same week(β=0.348;p=0.044;R^(2)=0.121)and training volume represents a risk factor for illnesses in the following week(β=0.397;p=0.027;R^(2)=0.157).Conclusion:A higher training intensity and volume were associated with increased illnesses,but not with a higher risk of injury.Monitoring training and ensuring appropriate progression of training load between weeks may decrease incidents of illness in-season.
文摘THE Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival which originated from the worship of celestial phenomena, and evolved from Dragon totem sacrifice in the remote ages. The festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month (June 7 on the solar calendar 2019). To celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival, people pray for blessings and protection against calamities with vibrant and colorful festivities. The Dragon Boat Festival began to be observed around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago.
文摘The automotive seat market is positioned to significantly grow over the next five years. Research into how sensor implementation in every day driver cars can enhance driver wellness is becoming increasingly popular and visible in the automotive seat industry. However, in the competitive race car industry,?drivers prioritize driving ability over wellness. To further examine this phenomenon, the Human-Machine Interaction?Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology took a unique approach to developing strong use cases for implementing sensor technology to improve driving ability for race car drivers by combining qualitative and quantitative research data obtained through modern design research and planning methodology. Following a process relying heavily on user-centered design methods, the authors developed a business case concept?for?a sensor-based seat accessory that acts as a competitive racer’s?driving coach?that is able to identify the mechanics of braking, turning, and accelerating through pressure sensors in the driver’s seat pan surface. This technology allows drivers to precisely understand when and how hard to brake, turn, or accelerate out of turns, thus reducing heat times and financial burden for drivers.
文摘ZHEJIANG Province in southeast China borders the East China Sea to its east, Fujian Province to its south, Anhui and Jiangxi Province to its west, and Jiangsu Province and Shanghai to its north. Its 101,800-sq-km land area is home to 44.22 million people. Zhejiang has a coastline measuring 6,486 kilometers, the longest in China. Across its vast sea area are scattered over 3,000 islands of a total area of 1,670 square kilometers.
