Japanese clinical engineer(CE) is a significant and unique profession compared with other nations with its dual clinical and technology focus and national licensing. The CE system of licensing was established in May 1...Japanese clinical engineer(CE) is a significant and unique profession compared with other nations with its dual clinical and technology focus and national licensing. The CE system of licensing was established in May 1987 under the Clinical Engineers Act. CEs are required to complete 3 to 4 years in designated schools and pass a national examination. It is a professional medical position responsible for the operation and maintenance of life-support and non-life-support medical device systems under the direction of physicians. Currently approximately 70 educational institutes- including technical colleges and universities- provide diverse and wide-ranging curricula from engineering to various clinical disciplines to produce CEs. Since clinical practice training is mandatory as a part of institute work, an important approach for CEs is gained by working in hospitals. The comprehensive curricula and the licensing system in Japan together serve to keep the appropriate quantity and quality of CEs. The Japan Association for Clinical Engineers(JACE) was established in February 1990; one of its aims is to support improvement of CEs throughout their careers through various lectures, seminars, on-the-job trainings, workshops, and an annual member meeting. New CEs can now take advantage of video e-learning. For junior CEs, there are seminars for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, blood purification, heart-lung bypass, respiratory therapy, operating room, intensive care unit, arrhythmia and aphaeresis related devices, as well as healthcare technology management(HTM). Also, the institutes provide a leadership seminar alongside this clinical practice training. Besides the licensing process, a proper certification system for CEs is a critical element in the clinical field. This enhances the ability of CEs to engage in more extensive duties and develop specialties, as well as to provide better healthcare. Associated societies provide certification with technology qualifications in dialysis, extracorporeal circulation, respiratory therapy, clinical medical devices, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and aphaeresis treatment. JACE also launched a unique certification system in 2010, with specializations in blood purification, arrhythmia, respiratory, and hyperbaric oxygen care. What is the difference between certification by the associated societies and that offered by JACE? Certification by the associated societies provides basic knowledge to pass specialty examinations. Certifications by JACE promote deeper knowledge to enhance clinical decisionmaking and to encourage wider experience. JACE also continues to investigate other certifications. In summary, Japan has introduced a national licensing system for keeping an intake of constant quality and quantity of CEs. Additionally, ongoing workshops and seminars stimulate in-depth knowledge and a higher level of medical care for patients. Together, a system of lifelong education for CEs has been built.展开更多
Objective:To ensure that only competent graduates are licensed to practice nursing,councils conduct licensing examinations,which may include among others clinical competency assessment.This review explored current pra...Objective:To ensure that only competent graduates are licensed to practice nursing,councils conduct licensing examinations,which may include among others clinical competency assessment.This review explored current practices in clinical competency assessment of nursing students as part of a larger study aimed at developing an evidence-based,context-specific framework for clinical competency assessment in a sub-Saharan African(SSA)country.Methods:A scoping guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR)was conducted.Results:Findings from 28 out of 1151 studies identified from Scopus,PubMed,CINAHL,Wiley Online Library,and ProQuest were included and synthesized.Results show that a good assessment system must be valid,reliable,transparent,feasible,fair,objective,and must provide feedback and continually improve to have an educational impact.Clinical competency assessment systems must be developed on sound empirical evidence,pilot tested,and involve thorough training and evaluation of the examiners.Continuous evaluation of the assessment system is also essential to ensure the quality and relevance of the assessment system.Only one of the included studies was conducted in Africa.Conclusions:The paucity of clinical competency assessment research in sub-Saharan Africa may lead to benchmarking assessment systems on research conducted outside the context.Sub-Saharan Africa has a set of circumstances that demand a context-specific clinical competency assessment framework to guide clinical competency assessment.展开更多
Regulations of Busi- ness Licensing for Route of Foreign Air Transport Enterprises(CCAR- 287),which were passed at the executive meeting of Civil Aviation Ad- ministration of China on May 19,2008,were hereby promulgat...Regulations of Busi- ness Licensing for Route of Foreign Air Transport Enterprises(CCAR- 287),which were passed at the executive meeting of Civil Aviation Ad- ministration of China on May 19,2008,were hereby promulgated and became effective as of July 11,2008.展开更多
目的探讨基于美国医师执照考试(United States medical licensing examination,USMLE)教材的器官系统整合教学模式在心血管内科学临床实习中的应用效果。方法选择2022年2-7月在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心血管内科进行临床实习的本校2...目的探讨基于美国医师执照考试(United States medical licensing examination,USMLE)教材的器官系统整合教学模式在心血管内科学临床实习中的应用效果。方法选择2022年2-7月在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心血管内科进行临床实习的本校2018级五年制临床医学专业64名学生作为研究对象。按照轮转批次,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组。试验组34名学生,选用USMLE教材并与传统医学教材进行有机融合,采用器官系统整合教学模式进行心血管内科学临床实习;对照组30名学生,选用传统教材和传统教学模式进行心血管内科学临床实习。2周实习教学结束后,通过理论知识和临床技能考核、问卷调查评估两组学生的教学效果。结果理论知识考核成绩比较,试验组学生分数[(83.50±6.35)分]高于对照组学生[(80.10±5.99)分];临床技能考核成绩比较,试验组学生总分[(74.06±2.77)分]高于对照组学生[(70.23±3.26)分];问卷调查结果显示,在知识掌握运用程度、自主学习和独立思考能力、课堂教学参与度、团队协作能力、沟通表达能力、教学方法满意度等多个方面,试验组学生评分均高于对照组学生:其差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论基于USMLE教材的器官系统整合教学模式能够提高心血管内科学临床实习学生的理论知识和临床技能考核成绩,教学效果获得了学生的好评,有助于提高心血管内科学临床实习的教学质量。展开更多
文摘Japanese clinical engineer(CE) is a significant and unique profession compared with other nations with its dual clinical and technology focus and national licensing. The CE system of licensing was established in May 1987 under the Clinical Engineers Act. CEs are required to complete 3 to 4 years in designated schools and pass a national examination. It is a professional medical position responsible for the operation and maintenance of life-support and non-life-support medical device systems under the direction of physicians. Currently approximately 70 educational institutes- including technical colleges and universities- provide diverse and wide-ranging curricula from engineering to various clinical disciplines to produce CEs. Since clinical practice training is mandatory as a part of institute work, an important approach for CEs is gained by working in hospitals. The comprehensive curricula and the licensing system in Japan together serve to keep the appropriate quantity and quality of CEs. The Japan Association for Clinical Engineers(JACE) was established in February 1990; one of its aims is to support improvement of CEs throughout their careers through various lectures, seminars, on-the-job trainings, workshops, and an annual member meeting. New CEs can now take advantage of video e-learning. For junior CEs, there are seminars for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, blood purification, heart-lung bypass, respiratory therapy, operating room, intensive care unit, arrhythmia and aphaeresis related devices, as well as healthcare technology management(HTM). Also, the institutes provide a leadership seminar alongside this clinical practice training. Besides the licensing process, a proper certification system for CEs is a critical element in the clinical field. This enhances the ability of CEs to engage in more extensive duties and develop specialties, as well as to provide better healthcare. Associated societies provide certification with technology qualifications in dialysis, extracorporeal circulation, respiratory therapy, clinical medical devices, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and aphaeresis treatment. JACE also launched a unique certification system in 2010, with specializations in blood purification, arrhythmia, respiratory, and hyperbaric oxygen care. What is the difference between certification by the associated societies and that offered by JACE? Certification by the associated societies provides basic knowledge to pass specialty examinations. Certifications by JACE promote deeper knowledge to enhance clinical decisionmaking and to encourage wider experience. JACE also continues to investigate other certifications. In summary, Japan has introduced a national licensing system for keeping an intake of constant quality and quantity of CEs. Additionally, ongoing workshops and seminars stimulate in-depth knowledge and a higher level of medical care for patients. Together, a system of lifelong education for CEs has been built.
文摘Objective:To ensure that only competent graduates are licensed to practice nursing,councils conduct licensing examinations,which may include among others clinical competency assessment.This review explored current practices in clinical competency assessment of nursing students as part of a larger study aimed at developing an evidence-based,context-specific framework for clinical competency assessment in a sub-Saharan African(SSA)country.Methods:A scoping guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR)was conducted.Results:Findings from 28 out of 1151 studies identified from Scopus,PubMed,CINAHL,Wiley Online Library,and ProQuest were included and synthesized.Results show that a good assessment system must be valid,reliable,transparent,feasible,fair,objective,and must provide feedback and continually improve to have an educational impact.Clinical competency assessment systems must be developed on sound empirical evidence,pilot tested,and involve thorough training and evaluation of the examiners.Continuous evaluation of the assessment system is also essential to ensure the quality and relevance of the assessment system.Only one of the included studies was conducted in Africa.Conclusions:The paucity of clinical competency assessment research in sub-Saharan Africa may lead to benchmarking assessment systems on research conducted outside the context.Sub-Saharan Africa has a set of circumstances that demand a context-specific clinical competency assessment framework to guide clinical competency assessment.
文摘Regulations of Busi- ness Licensing for Route of Foreign Air Transport Enterprises(CCAR- 287),which were passed at the executive meeting of Civil Aviation Ad- ministration of China on May 19,2008,were hereby promulgated and became effective as of July 11,2008.
文摘目的探讨基于美国医师执照考试(United States medical licensing examination,USMLE)教材的器官系统整合教学模式在心血管内科学临床实习中的应用效果。方法选择2022年2-7月在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心血管内科进行临床实习的本校2018级五年制临床医学专业64名学生作为研究对象。按照轮转批次,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组。试验组34名学生,选用USMLE教材并与传统医学教材进行有机融合,采用器官系统整合教学模式进行心血管内科学临床实习;对照组30名学生,选用传统教材和传统教学模式进行心血管内科学临床实习。2周实习教学结束后,通过理论知识和临床技能考核、问卷调查评估两组学生的教学效果。结果理论知识考核成绩比较,试验组学生分数[(83.50±6.35)分]高于对照组学生[(80.10±5.99)分];临床技能考核成绩比较,试验组学生总分[(74.06±2.77)分]高于对照组学生[(70.23±3.26)分];问卷调查结果显示,在知识掌握运用程度、自主学习和独立思考能力、课堂教学参与度、团队协作能力、沟通表达能力、教学方法满意度等多个方面,试验组学生评分均高于对照组学生:其差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论基于USMLE教材的器官系统整合教学模式能够提高心血管内科学临床实习学生的理论知识和临床技能考核成绩,教学效果获得了学生的好评,有助于提高心血管内科学临床实习的教学质量。
