Research on Policy Diffusion Path and Reproduction of River Chief System

The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.

The river chief system and agricultural non-point source water pollution control in China

As part of their efforts to control water pollution,local governments in China introduced the river chief system,whereby a named individual undertakes responsibility for protecting a specified waterway.As one of the most prominent sources of water pollution,agricultural non-point-source(NPS)pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Determining whether the river chief system,an institutional reform in China's decentralized environmental regulation regime,is effective in alleviating NPS pollution is important for the realization of green development.The effect of the river chief system on reducing agricultural NPS pollution is explored in this study using panel data from 308 Chinese counties during the period from 2004 to 2015.The results reveal that the negative impact of manure output from animal breeding operations on surface water quality is reduced with the implementation of the river chief system.However,the river chief system is ineffective in dealing with the water pollution caused by fertilizer use.Furthermore,in the current system,cooperation among river chiefs only occurs within a province.Local governments should increase their efforts in reducing fertilizer source loads and preventing fertilizer loads from entering surface waters.In addition,the central government should improve cooperation among the river chiefs in upstream and downstream provinces.

Research on the Public Behaviors to Participate in the Lake Chief System-Based on the Survey of Hengshui City, China

Lake chief system is an innovative measure of ecological civilization construction in lake governance and protection in China. Due to the complexity and openness of lake resources, it is difficult for the government and the market to properly handle the arduous task of lake governance, and public participation is an effective remedy for the failure of the government and the market. In order to know the public participation in the protection lakes, this paper selected 318 citizens from Hengshui city and uses the questionnaire survey to understand the public’s participation attitude, approach and behavior of the lake chief system. The research results show that the public’s education level, length of residence and understanding of the lake chief system have a positive impact on their participation.

Innovation of governance model of local government in China:Reflections on the issue of River Chief System in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Government-leading,multi-agent participation and coordinated co-governance are the original intentions of River Chief System governance policy design,the purpose is to really improve governance benefits of the River Chief System.Regrettably,the current research is still in its infancy,mainly based on theoretical analysis and case analysis.Whether government-leading,multi-agent participation and coordinated co-govemance can really improve the effectiveness of governance still lacks empirical testing.For this reason,based on the 241 questionnaires of the governance benefits of the River Chief System in Guangdong Province,this paper deeply analyzed the influence of the organizational level of the River Chief System on the governance benefits,and further studied the regulatory role of multi-agent participation.The results showed that there was an inverted“U”relationship between the organizational level of the River Chief System and the governance benefit,and multi-agent participation had no positive influence on the relationship between the organization level and the governance benefit.This paper has important enlightening significance for expanding the theory of River Chief System research and guiding the practice of government-leading governance policy of River Chief System.On the other hand,this paper can provide reasonable suggestions on environmental governance for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s high-quality development.

耦合边界元法和等效源法的稳健CHIEF法

针对声学边界元法中解的非唯一性和奇异积分问题,基于组合亥姆霍兹积分方程公式(combined helmholtz integral equation formulation,CHIEF)法思想,将常规边界元方程和等效源方程进行联立,并利用两者方程系数矩阵间的耦合等价关系,间接替换计算常规边界元法中的奇异系数矩阵,进而提出一种具有全频域唯一解、高计算精度和高稳定性的耦合CHIEF法。该方法将等效源方程作为补充方程,不仅解决了传统CHIEF法内点补充方程失效的问题,而且矩阵的间接替换计算避免了直接计算奇异积分,显著提高了计算效率和精度。通过声辐射和声散射的典型算例对比了所提方法、常规边界元法、常规Burton-Miller法和等效源法的计算效果。结果表明,所提方法不仅在全波数域内均能获得唯一解,且其计算精度和效率均优于常规边界元法和常规Burton-Miller方法,其系数矩阵条件数远低于等效源法。

Publication behaviour and(dis)qualification of chief editors in Turkish national Social Sciences journals

Purpose:This study investigated the publication behaviour of 573 chief editors managing 432 Social Sciences journals in Turkey.Direct inquiries into editorial qualifications are rare,and this research aims to shed light on editors’scientific leadership capabilities.Design/methodology/approach:This study contrasts insider publication behaviour in national journals with international articles in journals indexed by the Web of Science(WOS)and Scopus.It argues that editors demonstrating a consistent ability to publish in competitive WOS and Scopus indexed journals signal high qualifications,while editors with persistent insider behaviour and strong local orientation signal low qualification.Scientific leadership capability is measured by first-authored publications.Correlation and various regression tests are conducted to identify significant determinants of publication behaviour.Findings:International publications are rare and concentrated on a few individuals,while insider publications are endemic and constitute nearly 40%of all national articles.Editors publish 3.2 insider papers and 8.1 national papers for every SSCI article.62%(58%)of the editors have no SSCI(Scopus)article,53%(63%)do not have a single lead-authored WOS(Scopus)article,and 89%publish at least one insider paper.Only a minority consistently publish in international journals;a fifth of the editors have three or more SSCI publications,and a quarter have three or more Scopus articles.Editors with foreign Ph.D.degrees are the most qualified and internationally oriented,whereas non-mobile editors are the most underqualified and underperform other editors by every measure.Illustrating the overall lack of qualification,nearly half of the professor editors and the majority of the WOS and Scopus indexed journal editors have no record of SSCI or Scopus publications.Research limitations:This research relies on local settings that encourage national publications at the expense of international journals.Findings should be evaluated in light of this setting and bearing in mind that narrow localities are more prone to peer favouritism.Practical implications:Incompetent and nepotistic editors pose an imminent threat to Turkish national literature.A lasting solution would likely include the dismissal and replacement of unqualified editors,as well as delisting and closure of dozens of journals that operate in questionable ways and serve little scientific purpose.Originality/value:To my knowledge,this is the first study to document the publication behaviour of national journal chief editors.

River Chief System (RCS):An experiment on cross-sectoral coordination of watershed governance

The trans-regional characteristics of watershed governance produce more problems beyond the capacity of each individual water-related department, leading to the fragmentation of watershed management. The River Chief System (RCS) has experienced swift developments over the past decade in China by appointing the local government heads as river chiefs. RCS works efficiently in the short-term due to its superiority in the inclusion of clear responsibility, authority, and multi-sectoral collaboration. However, the characteristics of the authority-based vertical coordination of the hierarchical system remain unchanged, and therefore the problems of organizational logic and the responsibility dilemma still exist. Tasks including perfecting of laws, integrated watershed management, and public participation still need to be completed. RCS reflects the routine and characteristics of the migration of national governance, and as such provides new insights for other developing countries in the design of river management systems.

跨界河湖实施联合河湖长制的思考

跨界河湖治理和管护是目前河湖长制工作的重点和难点。基于传统的行政区域分段管制与河湖整体性、生态系统性存在矛盾,跨部门协同、政社协同等存在困难,提出通过联合河湖长制来协调跨界河湖治理的难题。从联合河湖长、联合河湖长制办公室、联合河湖长制运行机制等方面,探讨了实施联合河湖长制的主要内容,提出了健全组织体系、完善联合会商机制、搭建信息共享平台、加强联防联控行动、建立完善流域横向生态补偿机制等相关建议,并论述了南京都市圈、江浙沪、川渝等地在联合河湖长制创建中取得的实践进展,以期为其他地区提供经验借鉴。

流域治理中跨域间治污成本分担失衡研究

流域治理需要上下游协同配合,然而河长制在推行过程中却仍然出现“各管一段、各自为战”的现象,存在协同治理困境。本文从上、中、下游间成本分担失衡的角度,基于HCW方法构建反事实路径,测度政策执行导致的经济和就业增长相对于潜在路径的减少,以此来度量经济社会成本,并进一步测度流域内成本分担失衡程度,以剖析协同治理困境的根本原因。研究发现,在流域治理中,上游承担的经济成本和就业成本均高于下游地区,存在显著的成本分担失衡。平均来看,上、中、下游的经济成本分别约占各自地区生产总值的10.00%~13.92%、7.92%~10.57%、3.70%~4.91%,就业成本分别约占各自就业量的10.75%~13.03%、7.96%~9.36%、4.01%~5.11%。本文的研究结论为流域治理中地区间成本分担失衡的生态补偿方案提供了定量依据。

河湖长制背景下复苏河湖生态环境路径探析

河湖长制是一项基于我国政治制度和国家治理结构而设计的重大制度创新,实施7年多来,取得了显著成效。复苏河湖生态环境是推动新阶段水利高质量发展的六条实施路径之一,不仅涉及工程技术问题,更重要的是面临着理念、制度和管理层面突破创新的挑战。在分析河湖长制制度效能的基础上,从体制机制、保护治理和制度政策3个维度探讨了复苏河湖生态环境的路径选择问题。研究建议:以河湖长制为复苏河湖生态环境的有力手段和重要的体制机制保障,将河湖长制的制度优势转化为河湖治理效能,统筹各方力量共同推进河湖保护治理;以建设幸福河湖为目标,通过系统治理、综合治理、源头治理,推动复苏河湖生态环境各项任务落实;将健全复苏河湖生态环境的制度和标准体系作为复苏河湖生态环境的政策制度路径。

基于河湖长制的公共政策评估研究

河湖长制是我国资源环境领域的重要公共政策,是解决长期以来涉河湖复杂问题的一项重大制度创新。以河湖长制政策为评估对象,提出了基于评估需求分析和二维过程控制的公共政策评估理论框架,构建了涉及社会经济-生态环境复合系统的公共政策评估技术方法体系。研究成果可为相关领域政策评估及全面推行河湖长制决策提供参考。

多重堕距:地方政府创新缘何难以持续——基于安徽省亳州市B县邻长制的案例研究

政府创新的适用性和有效性共同决定着政府创新的可持续性。通过构建政府创新可持续性影响分析框架,对安徽省亳州市B县邻长制这一基层组织体系建设案例进行实证分析,探讨多重堕距如何影响政府创新的可持续性。研究表明:资源堕距弱化了邻长制运行的组织动力,文化堕距加剧了邻长制运行的主观阻碍,能力堕距限制了邻长制运行的功能发挥,而多重堕距共同作用则降低了邻长制运行的可持续性。多重堕距为研究地方政府创新可持续性提供了新的视角,也为地方政府保持创新的可持续性提供了一定的理论参考。

现代化生态文明建设中的林长制治理探析

林长制将保护发展森林草原资源落实为地方党政领导干部的主体责任,“属地管理,分级负责”作为一种重要的制度,是我国现代化生态文明建设不可或缺的组成部分。林长制以习近平生态文明思想为引领,具有特定的理论基础,全面推行林长制对现代化生态文明建设的意义重大。论文通过对林长制治理地方实践的考察,对标林长制有关法律法规、林长制职权范围、林长制考核和激励机制、林长制监督体系,分析林长制治理中存在的问题,最后提出了优化林长制治理的对策。

推进湖长制落地见效 维护湖泊健康生命

2017年12月,中央印发《关于在湖泊实施湖长制的指导意见》,明确要求全面建立湖长制。文章分析了湖泊治理保护的主要特点、实施湖长制的任务要求以及推进湖长制落地见效的有关措施建议,为管理和研究提供参考。

《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引(2023年修订版)》解读

《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引(2023年修订版)》于2023年8月30日正式发布,为使河湖管理专业技术人员全面了解河湖健康评价内容,有侧重、有特点、高效率开展河湖健康评价工作,该文对指引修订背景、修订过程、问题查找、主要修订内容等进行了详细解读,旨在对广东省河湖健康评价工作起到一定的指导和借鉴作用,切实提高广东省河湖健康评价的工作质量和成果可靠性。

数字化监管系统推进耕地保护“田长制”实施研究——以浙江省为例

传统的耕地用途监管办法发现违法违规占用耕地行为不及时,浙江省在构建了“田长制”责任体系后面临如何运用新技术推进基层田长赴实地巡查耕地的问题。本研究应用人工智能、卫星遥感等新技术方法开发出“人防+技防”耕地保护数字化监管系统,安装到村级田长、耕地保护巡查员手机端。研究结果显示数字化监管系统可引导村级田长和耕地保护巡查员按照预警指令快速前往责任范围内巡查耕地,以便早制止、早处置各类违法违规占用耕地行为。数字化监管系统与“田长制”实施相结合后,对提高浙江省耕地保护实效十分显著。

河湖长制综合管理数字化平台建设的现状、困境与展望

针对河湖长制综合管理数字化平台建设已取得的成效和存在的问题,从数字化平台、技术路线、数据库、平台功能等四个方面,总结与分析了数字化平台架构、内容、功能研究现状以及平台建设内容。从尊重平台建设规律、加强平台顶层设计、建立数据共享机制、实现天空地水一体化监管、强化大数据与人工智能等技术的应用、实现长效协同管理、编制技术标准规范、设计平台建设策略等方面对平台建设进行了展望。研究结果表明,数字化平台是支撑核心业务的根本,数据共享和协同管理是数字化平台的基础,智能化和自动化是数字化平台所采用的技术或手段。

基于应用场景转换的政策创新扩散:一个新的视角——以“长制”演化为例

从实践来看,政策创新扩散不仅发生在不同属地间,也可以发生在不同政策领域或应用场景间。本文提出基于应用场景转换的政策创新扩散,并通过“长制”演化过程的纵向梳理,系统探索政策创新在不同应用场景间扩散的轨迹及其在时间、空间、场景维度上的特征,同时本文还尝试考察了上级认可对政策创新跨场景扩散及其再创新的影响。研究发现:(1)场景扩散经历了策源场景的早期探索、邻近场景的零星转换、多元场景的集中扩散、其他场景的个别跟进四个阶段,并在时间维度上,呈现出与政策创新空间扩散相类似的S曲线。(2)在空间维度上,相异属地通常比相同属地更容易发生跨场景扩散,且当跨场景扩散发生在相异属地时,更容易产生对原有政策体系的突破性再创新,从而产生新的创新增长点。(3)在场景维度上,相近场景通常比较远场景更容易发生政策创新的跨场景扩散,且从顺序来看,跨场景扩散通常先发生于相近场景,再向较远场景扩散。(4)当一项政策获得上级认可时,更容易引发不同应用场景间的高频扩散。本文的概念提出及最终形成的系列观点拓展了政策创新扩散的研究空间,并为后续政策创新跨场景扩散的模式、机制以及扩散中的再创新等研究奠定了必要基础。

广东省紧密型医联体药事管理工作的调研分析

目的调查广东省紧密型医联体的药事管理工作现状,为推动广东省医联体高质量建设和可持续发展提供决策依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,抽取广东省50家紧密型医联体为研究对象,由总院药学部负责人作答,调查内容包括医联体基本规模、医联体总药师聘任情况、医联体内药事管理与药学服务同质化执行情况、推动同质化的难点、希望获得的省级支持等,并对调查结果进行描述性统计分析。结果共回收问卷50份,有效回收率为100%。医联体总院药学部负责人有16人(占32.00%)被聘任为总药师。37家医联体(占74.00%)已建立医联体内药品供应保障体系,35家医联体(占70.00%)已开展医联体内药事管理统筹工作,23家医联体(占46.00%)已建立临床用药指导体系,25家医联体(占50.00%)已建立双向交流机制,仅8家医联体(占16.00%)有拓展药学服务新模式。目前推动医联体内药事管理与药学服务同质化的难点主要在于“各成员单位的管理水平差距较大”“药学人员缺乏、水平参差不齐”“政策支持与落实不足”3个方面。大部分医联体希望相关部门通过举办专项培训班或开展专项督导的方式推进药事工作向同质化发展。结论目前广东省紧密型医联体在落实总药师制度、药事管理与药学服务同质化建设方面取得了初步成效,但仍需提高医联体中总药师聘任的覆盖率,将药事管理同质化工作落实到位,并加快药学服务同质化进程。

高质量推进幸福河湖建设的认识与建议

幸福河湖是维护河湖生命健康和发挥社会服务功能的有机统一体,为新时期河湖保护治理指明了方向。当前,幸福河湖建设工作已在国家和地方层面积极推进,并取得一些成效。通过归纳幸福河湖的相关概念和内涵,梳理幸福河湖的有关评价体系和指导性文件,总结主要实践成效,进一步剖析幸福河湖建设过程中存在的认知偏差以及在推进方式、技术和投入保障等方面存在的问题,最后提出了深化共建共享、强化河湖长制、夯实数据底板等高质量推进幸福河湖建设的建议。